APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION under subject of DISASTER MANAGEMENT made by Piyush andani

1. S.S. AGRAWAL INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
TOPIC:- APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION
SUBJECT :- DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(2150003)
PREPARED BY:
Vasoya Kaushik (151230106048)
Vimal Prajapti (151230106049)
Anadani Piyush (161233106001)
Ganvit Dipesh (161233106002)
Garesiya Sanket (161233106003)
GUIDED BY
Mr. Pinank R. Patel
Assistant professor
Civil Engineering
Department

2. APPLICATION OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION

3. CONTENT
 Geo- informatics in disaster management
 Disaster communication system
 Land use planning and Development regulations
 Disaster safe designs and constructions
 Structural and non structural mitigation of disaster
 Science & technology institutions for disaster
management in India

4. • Remote Sensing (RS)
• Geographical Information System (GIS)
• Global Positioning System (GPS)

5. • Remote sensing is an investigative
technique that uses a recording
instrument or device to measure or
acquire information on a distant
object or phenomenon with which it
is not in physical or close contact.
• The technique is used foe
accumulating important information
of the environment.
• Remote sensing can collect data
much faster than ground based
observation, covering a large spatial
area at one time to give a
comprehensive view.
• It has the capability of capturing
images of distant targets and in all
weather conditions.
https://images.nature.com/full/nature-
assets/nclimate/journal/v3/n10/images/nclimate1908-f1.jpg

6. • Using remote sensing data such as satellite imageries
and aerial photos, to map the variations in terrain
properties such as vegetation, water and geology both
in space and time.
• Helping to locate the area of a natural disaster and
monitor its growing proportions providing
information on the disaster rapidly and reliably and
thereby ensuring that extent of damage is evaluated
precisely.
• Monitoring the disaster event which provides in turn
a quantitative base for relief operations.

7. • Geographical information
system can be defined as a
system of hardware and
software for measuring,
storing , retrieving,
mapping, monitoring,
modeling, and analyzing a
variety of data types
related to geographic and
natural phenomena.
http://gosoftesolutions.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/05/gisdata.jpg

8. • Drought
• Earthquake
• Floods
• Landslide

9. • A critical component of any
successful rescue operation is
time.
• Prior knowledge of the precise
location of landmarks, streets,
buildings, emergency service
resources, and disaster relief
sites saves time and lives.
• The global positioning system
serves as a facilitating
technology in addressing these
needs by helping the users at
any point on or near the earth’s
surface to obtain instantaneous
three dimensional coordinates
of the their location. http://kpfu.ru/portal/docs/F1742303703/RwZtP9pJ6gY.jpg

10. • Pinpointing the location of damage sites and
floodplains.
• Playing a significant role in helping scientists to
predict earthquake in earthquake prone areas.
• Using the precise position information provided by
GPS scientists can study how pressure slowly builds
up over time in an attempt to characterize and in the
future perhaps predict earthquakes.
• Meteorologists responsible for storm tracking and
flood predication also rely on GPS.
• GPS give quick information in the efficient operation
of their emergency response teams.

11. • Early warning is the provision of timely and effective
information through identified institutions that allows
individuals exposed to hazard to take action to avoid
or reduce their risk and prepare for effective response.
• Early warning information suggest people to take
action when disasters close to happening.

12. • Risk knowledge
• Monitoring and
predicating
• Disseminating
information
• Response
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dm-170212112235/95/application-
of-science-and-technology-for-disaster-management-mitigation-14-
638.jpg?cb=1486898583

13. • Land Use Planning is described as the process
undertaken by public authorities to identify, evaluate
and describe different options for the use of land,
including consideration of long term economic, and
enviornment objectives.

14.  Selecting the safe site for the building structures.
 Relocating a community outside the hazardous and disaster prone areas.
 Formulation of land use policies for the long term sustainable
development.
 Appropriate land use in the disaster prone areas , by adjusting the land
stability with agricultural development strategies.
 Long term land use planning by incorporating all geological related data
available and identifying for allocation of hazard free areas for industrial
and urban development.
 High investment industries, other important infrastructure should not be
located in the areas that are susceptible to damages.

15.  Adoption of the culture of safety in construction to follow bye
laws and codes and usage of good quality material.
 The government shall support these initiatives by providing
technical guidance to rebuild houses that can sustain against
shaking of the earthquake.
 Manuals need to be developed outlining methodologies for
new constructions
 Identification of the vulnerable buildings in the state
 Building structures on the firmer ground or stiff soil because
stiff soil loss their strength with strong vibrations.
 Priority of buildings according to their importance.

16. • The building should have
a simple rectangular plan.
• Long walls should be
supported by reinforced
concrete columns.
• Door and window
openings in walls should
preferably be small and
more centrally located.
• The location of the
openings should not be
too close to the edge of
the wall.
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/s-160225072749/95/column-
and-its-types-28-638.jpg?cb=1456385328

17. Landslide Safe Design and
Construction
• The potential for the landslides and
development erosion can be greatly
reduced or prevented with proper
development, proper construction
techniques, and regular maintenance of
drainage facilities.
• Keep the surface drainage water away
from vulnerable areas, such as steep
slopes, loose soils and non-vegetated
surfaces.
• Improve soil`s ability to resist erosion by
stabilizing slopes by increasing
vegetation and tress.
http://www.weatherwizkids.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/04/landslide5.jpg

18. Floods Safe Design and
Construction
• Avoid residing on river banks and
slopes on river side`s.
• Build at least 250meters away from
the seacoast/river banks.
• Build proper drainage system in all
flood prone areas, so that the water
can be drained off quickly to
prevent accumulation.
• Construct the building with a plinth
level higher than the known high
flood level.
• Construct the whole village or
settlement on a raised platform
higher than the high flood level.
http://www.abc.net.au/news/image/7483132-
3x2-940x627.jpg

19. Structural mitigation is defined as a risk
reduction effort performed through the construction or
altering of the physical environment through the
application of engineered solutions.

20. • Building codes
• Relocation
• Structural modification
• Earthquakes
• Floods
• Cyclone
• Construction of community shelters
• Construction of barrier and retention systems

21. • Non-structural mitigation is defined as a measure that
reduces risk through modification in human behavior
or natural processes without requiring the use of
engineered structures.

22. • Legal framework
• Land use planning
• Incentives and financial framework
• Training and education
• Public awareness

23. • India meteorological department (IMD)
• Central water commission (CWC)
• Indian national center for oceanic information system
(INCOIS)
• Geological survey if India (GSI)
• Defense research & development organization
(DRDO)
• Indian space research organization (ISRO)
• Department od atomic energy (DAE)

24. References
• Textbook of Disaster Management of Atul
Prakashan
• Wikipedia