Explanation of disaster management for PCL level student

3. DISASTER MANAGEMENT

4. Content:
• Definition of Disaster
• Classification of Disaster
• Disaster risk management for health
• Effects of disaster
• Phases and professional activities of disaster management
• Disaster preparedness in PHC and roles and responsibilities of
PHC
• Triage
• Organizational structure for disaster management in Nepal

5. Definition
• Disaster is any occurrences that causes damage ,
economic disruption, loss of human life and deterioration
in human life and deterioration in health and health
services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extra ordinary
response from outside the affected area or community.
-WHO
• Disaster can be defined as an outcome of calamity of
such magnitude and severity that results into deep
distress of individual and community.

6. Incidence

8. Classification of disaster

9. Classification of disaster
Brow/insidious onset
or creeping disaster
• Drought
• HIV/AIDS
Sudden/rapid onset
• Earthquake
• Tornadoes
• Floods
• Fires
• Strike action

10. In some
case of
health care
facilities
External Internal

11. Natural
disaster
Human made

12. Natural disaster
• The force of the nature is responsible for natural disaster.
• Some natural disaster come with slow onset and others come
without warming .E.g.:- floods can be foreseen several days
beforehand ,but the earthquake occurs warming.
• Sonic of human follies like deforestation and land misuse can easily
contribute to “ slow onset “ of natural disaster.
• Natural disaster include:-
1. Blizzard
2. Extreme heat
3. Hurricane
4. Winter storm
5. Earthquake
6. Tsunami
7. Volcano
8. Landslide

13. Human made
• There are numerous ways that human beings by
their own acts or negligence create a disaster.
• Human made disaster includes:-
1. Accident :- roadside, airplane
2. Fire
3. Industrial hazards :-chemical, radiation ,explosions
4. War:- civil or international
5. terrorism

14. Disaster risk management for health

15. Disaster risk management for
health
Disaster risk management refers to systematic analysis and
management of health risks, posed by emergencies and disasters,
through a combination of:-
Hazard and
vulnerability
reduction to
prevent and
mitigate risk
Preparedness Response
Recovery
measures

16. Continue…
• Disaster and other emergencies often result in significant
impacts on people’s health, including the loss of many lives.
Deaths, injures, disease, disabilities, psychosocial problems and
other health impacts can be avoided or reduced by disaster risk
management measures involving health and other sectors .
• Resilient health systems based on primary health care at
community level can reduce underlying vulnerability, protect
health facilities and services and scale –up the response to
meet the wide ranging health needs in disaster.
• Resilient health systems based on primary health care at
community level can reduce underlying vulnerability, protect
health facilities and services and scale –up the response to
meet the wide ranging health needs in disaster.

17. Effects of disaster

18. Effects of disaster /mortality
associated with disaster
• The disaster not only can interrupt the
advancement in social an and
economic development ,but also can
have severe impact on the overall
health of individuals ,communities
and nation. Disaster, depending upon
its type can have both short term and
long term varied effects in people and
the environment.

19. • Social reaction
• Food and nutrition
• Health hazard
• Population displacement
Short term
or
immediate
effects
• Economical imbalance
• .Loss of political boundaries
• .Soil erosion
• .Environmental health
• .Outbreak of communicable disease
• .Reduced productivity
• .Rehabilitation
• Malnutrition
LONG
TERM
EFFECT

21. PHASES AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OF
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

22. .Mitigation
.Preparedness
.Response
.Recovery

23. Disaster preparedness in PHC
roles and responsibilities for PHC

24. • PHC should have a relief plan of which all the
departments be well aware. One of the
variables that can prevent from potential
harm from disaster in medical resources:
emergency medical system, response team
of physician, medical faculties,
transportation and supplies of resources.
The emergency preparedness for sake of
disaster management in hospital is listed as
follows:
• Formulate hospital policy and action plan
for emergency preparedness for disaster
management.

25. • From the disaster management team, the
commander is chosen, usually a medical
professional incharge of emergency room.
For the sake of better coordination all the
medical officer, administration of PHC,
nursing incharge and nursing staff, kitchen
and all people working in emergency
department are usually include as the
member of team.
• Strengthen the capabilities of health workers
in disaster management team by training
them in life saving skills. Both nurse and
doctor can conduct this training.

26. • Train volunteers about reception and
transport of casualty giving the first aid
treatment and managing information and
crowd.
• Establishing triage protocol.
• Identify triage person: nurse and doctor who
can help in triage.
• Specify triage space and premises for
receiving and shorting out victims.
• Establishing alarming system.
• Specify protocol for response to disaster:
who all with report, within what limits and
take what responsibility etc.

27. • Keep the stock of medical supplies for
use of emergency.
• Keep the reserve stock emergency
medication.
• Identify the means of transportation,
ambulance and other vehicles.
• Have a backup plan, assess to electricity,
water and fuel supplies.
• Carry out regular drills to be well
prepared for genuine response to
disaster.

28. Triage

29. Triage
• According to Edwin Spirgi “Triage consists
of rapidly classifying the injured on the
basis of the benefits they can expect
from the medical care, not according to
the severity of their injuries. ”

30. Purposes of triage
• To set out priorities for the evacuation
(migration) and immediate
stabilization of victim.
• To assess the victims who are in life
threatening situations and need
immediate therapeutic interventions.
• To improve the traffic flow through
the emergency department.

31. Use of triage on disaster site

32. Category A ( red color) :
Those victims must be sent urgently to the nearest
properly equipped hospital, which is capable to deal
with the cases. Emergency cases that must be deal
within an hour:
• Acute cardiopulmonary insufficiency
• Severe hemorrhage
• Chest injury
• Internal bleeding
• Spleen rupture
• Liver injury
• Severe chest lesion
• Severe cervico maxillary lesion
• State of shock
• Burns covering over 20% of the body surface
• Skull injury with coma

33. Category B (green color) :
• This color code is given to the non
urgent cases. This group includes
those victims who do not require
major medical care as well as those
serious cases with no chance of
survival that it would be pointless to
move.

34. Uses of triage
• Red color ; All life threatening patient who needs
immediate interventions .
• Yellow color ; All patient from whom treatment can wait
for within 5 to 60 min fall in this category. These patient
require close monitoring and immediate intravenous infusion.
• Green color ; In this category, those patient whose
treatment can be delayed for 4 to 6 hours, who need minor
treatment, and who need no treatment are included
• Black color; No need for medical care, gasping case, brain
and intestine hanging out , dead cases

35. Organizational structure for disaster
management in Nep

36. Local disaster
relief committee

37. Summarization

38. References
• Pathak.S(2017)3rd edition,”Leadership and
management”Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar, Bhotahity
,Kathmandu
• Pathak.s(2018)revised edition,”Fundamental of
Nursing”Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar, Bhotahity ,
Kathmandu
• www.preventionweb.net
• www.slideshare.net