Nepal faces significant risks from natural hazards like floods, landslides, and earthquakes. Over the past 37 years, disasters have killed over 27,000 people and affected nearly 5 million. The annual economic losses from disasters average over 20 billion NPR, with water-induced floods alone causing over 5.3 billion NPR in losses. Disaster risk reduction through preparedness, mitigation and building resilience is necessary to reduce vulnerabilities and impacts.

1. g]kfndf ljkbhf]lvd sf] cj:yf tyf Go"gLs/0f Pj+ k'j{tof/L sf] cfjZostf

5. g]kfnsf] ef}uf]nLs w/ftn

6. g]kfnsf] hnfwf/ vf]nf gfnf ;+hfn

9. g]kfnsf] e"sDkLo hf]lvd gSzf ;f}hGo M vfgL tyf e "ue{ ljefu, n}grf}/, sf7df08f}+ ljutdf g]kfndf uPsf e"sDkx?

10. e"O{+rfnf] uO/xg] If]qx?

14. ljut #& jif{df ljleGg ljkb?n] g]kfndf u/]sf] c;/ -;g!(&! b]lv @))& ;Dd_ ljkbtYof+s ;+Vof d[To' a]kQf 3fOt] k|efljt b'3{6gf 97 112 3 - 5 lxpF klx/f] 90 217 33 - 1,012 h}ljs b'3{6gf 12 - - - - 8'+uf kN6fO 103 240 421 - 354 zLt nx/ 192 298 - - 1,453 v8]/L 152 - - - 1,512 e'O{+rfnf] 94 873 - - 4,539 dxfdf/L 2,791 15,730 - 4,582 460,902 ljikmf]6 40 32 - - 19 clgsfn 20 2 - - 83,902 cfunfuL 3,880 1,101 186 - 218,278 af9L 2,720 2,936 578 - 3,367,974 jg 89]nf] 98 24 403 - 10,178

15. ljut #& jif{df ljleGg ljkb?n] g]kfndf u/]sf] c;/ -;g!(&! b]lv @))& ;Dd_ ljkbtYof+s ;+Vof d[To' a]kQf 3fOt] k|efljt cl;gf 597 57 2 - 197,843 n' 31 25 - 210 261 klx/f] 2,184 3,987 517 - 479,972 8/ qf; Pj+ lg:;fl;P/ 2 85 - - - Kn]u 326 11 - - 50 k|b'if0f 12 - - - 1,000 clws jiff{ 187 82 3 - 62,431 lxpF cfFwL 174 69 828 - 7,600 cfFwL 109 50 2 - 1,817 x'/L atf; 292 140 - - 6,161 ejg–;+/rgf eTs]/ 324 340 7 - 1,508 r6f+u 764 768 1 - 5,809 cGo 97 77 11 - 11,982 hDdf 15,388 27,256 2,995 4,792 4,926,562

16. ljut #& jif{df ljleGg ljkb?n] g]kfndf u/]sf] c;/ -;g!(&! b]lv @))& ;Dd_ >f]tM Pg;]6 cfly{s Iflt clxn]sf] efpdf -?k}+ofdf_ jif{ ejg Wj:t ejg Ifltu|:t ;8s v]ltof]Uo hdLg kz'k+IfL s"n cfly{s Iflt !(&!–!(&% !,%$,&),(&,%)) #,$$,#$,#%) ^$,$%,))) !,$(,!@,)),@$,))) @,#@,%%,))) !,%!,)&,&#,*@,%$& !(&^–!(*) %,&%,^&,^$,%)) #*,#),^(,*%) &!,^$,!^,))) @,^@,)*,&),%!,))) &,^),@),))) @,&@,!*,$%,!),@%% !(*!–!(*% !,@*,!%,)%,%)) ^,$#,&*,^%) !),#@,&),*)) &!,#$,^(,@%,!)) %,(^,(%,))) &#,&(,)@,*),!($ !(*^–!(() ^,$),!&,&$,))) !,)&,&$,@$,()) $,!@,%),))) %!,%$,&@,^&,^)) #,&),(%,))) ^),*$,@(,)@,!!) !((!–!((% ^,!),@*,!%,))) &),%^,*&,))) *%,!$,$),))) !!,&$,(),&@,&*,$$) !$,$$,#),))) !!,*(,**,@(,&%,%(# !((^–@))) !),(%,!(,$(,))) $$,!@,$^,$)) *&,#&,))) %,!^,)$,!!,%!,@%) !^,$),!%,))) %,#),(#,&%,(&,$)% @))!–@))# @,&#,$!,^#,))) !#,^#,)$,%)) !,)$,@$,(*,@)) $,#%,(&,((,^),^!) !&,*#,#),))) $,$%,##,(#,(#,*@! hDdf #,$&,&^,)^,*%,))) @,*$,@(,)%,^%) @,&&,)),%&,))) @^,^!,)@,(^,%*,))) ^*,@*,$),))) @&,@$,)%,%),$!,(@%

20. ljsf; vr{, ufx:y{ pTkfbg / ljkbIfltsf] t'ngf

21. t'ngfTds cj:yf Total Amount of Disaster Damage (1991-2000) in million US$ (Source: Global Disaster Report – UNDP, 2004)

22. t'ngfTds cj:yf Total number of people Killed in Asian and SAARC Countries by Disaster (1992-2001) Asian Countries Other than SAARC, 227,619; 49% India 16% SAARC Contries, 236,062; 51% Maldives 0% Nepal 1% Pakistan 2% Sri Lanka 0% Bangladesh 32% Bhutan 0% (Source: Global Disaster Report – UNDP, 2004)

24. sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] e"sDkLo hf]lvd

27. /f]syfd, cNkLs/0f / k"j{tof/L

30. ljkbJoj:yfkg rqm (Disaster Management Cycle) DPP DRR ljkbDisaster k"j{ ;"rgf Early Warning p2f/ tyf /fxt Rescue & Relief /f]syfd Prevention Go"lgs/0f Mitigation k"j{ tof/L Preparedness ljkbk"j{ Pre Disaster ljkbkZrft Post Disaster k'g:yf{kg / k'glg{df{0f Reconstruction & Rehabilitation

31. ljut b''O{ bzsdf ljkbhf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ffdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . cjwf/0ffn] k/Dk/fut “p4f/ /fxt” af6 “ljkb/lxt ljsf;” df km8f ] dfl/;s]sf] 5 . p¢f/ /fxt ljkbJoj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ffut ljsf; @)!) rLnL @))( xfO{6L ] @))* rLg @))% kfls:tfg] @))$ PzLofnL ;'gfdL @))@ O/fg jfd ] ljkb/lxt ljsf; Go"gLs/0f / k"j{tof/L p¢f/ /fxtsf] k"j{tof/L !(&! ;gkmgf{08f] e"sDk !(*% d]lS;sf] e"sDk @))! u'h/ft e"sDk

32. ljkbhf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ljsf;qmd ;g!(*( sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ()sf] bzsnfO{ k|fs[lts ljkbGo"gLs/0f bzs dgfpg] lg0f{o ;g!(($ df Kf|fs[lts ljkbGo"gLs/0f ljZj ;Dd]ng of]sf]xfdfdf ;DkGGf . o; sfo{of]hgfn] ljkb/f]syfd, cNkLs/0f / k"j{tof/Ldf hf]8 lbPsf] . ;g!((( df o'PgcfOP;l8cf/sf] :yfkgf . ;g@))% hgj/L !* b]lv @@ ;DDf hfkfgsf] sf]a] zx/df ePsf] ljZj ;Dd]ngaf6 xf]uf] sfo{of]hgf @))%–@)!% tof/ ul/Psf] .

35. ljkbhf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ljkbhf]lvd Go"gLs/0f g]kfnsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu clgjfo{ zt{ xf], h;af6 ljsf;df ul/Psf] nufgLnfO{ ljgfz x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;lsG5 . ljsf;sf sfo{x?n] yk ljkbfO{ glgDTofcf]; eGg] s'/fdf ;'lglZrt aGg ;lsG5 . Hfnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 kg]{ gsf/fTds c;/af6 aRg jf cg"s'ng aGg ;lsG5 . ;+s6f;Gg tyf Kf|sf]k k|efljtx?sf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 . ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/lIft cyf{t ljkbpTyfgzLn agfpg ;lsG5 .

39. !?!

45. ljkbhf]lvd Joj:yfkg /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^^ n] s] eG5

46. :jLs[t ldltM @)^^.^.@% of] k|fs[lts ;Dkbf tyf ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿sf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g Pj+ k|j4{g ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|lta4tf;lxtsf] Ps /fli6«o b:tfj]h (National Framework) xf] . cfwf/M ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;g@))% sf] ljZjJofkL ;femf cjwf/0ffkq Xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf (Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015)

65. DRR k|sf]k hf]lvd Go&quot;gLs/0fsf nflu - HFA Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf_ nfO{ cfcfkmf] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgfdf s] s;/L cfTd;ft jf d&quot;nk|jflxs/0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 < k|sf]k hf]lvd Go&quot;gLs/0fsf nflu -Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf_sf] kl/of]hgf kl/If0f tyf cfTd;ftLs/0fsf nflu s]lx ;jfn / k|Zgx?

66. PrPkmP ! ;'zf;g k|sf]k hf]lvd Go&quot;gLs/0fsf nflu Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf - HFA _ sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgfdf s'g xb ;Dd k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] 5< x]/f}+ t sfo{;+/rgf / 9f+rf s] xfd|f] ;d'bfodf k|sf]ksf] j]nfdf s] ug]{ eGg]jf/] gL0f{o nLg;Sg] tof/L cj:yfsf ;';+ul7t ;+:yf,;ldtL jf ;d&quot;xx? 5g< ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ s] ;+:yf,;ldtL jf ;d&quot;xsf ;b:ox? cfkmf] clwsf/ / /fHon] ;&quot;/Iff / ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{kg]{ bfloTj jf/] ;r]t 5glt; ljlQo >f]t s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] k|sf]k hf]lvd Go&quot;gLs/0f, k|efj clNks/0f / k'g/:yf{kgfsf nflu /fHo / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] 5'6fpg] ljlQo / cGo >f]tx?dflysf] kx'+r 5 < dfgj >f]t s] xfd|f ;d'bfosf k|ltlgwLx? k|sf]k hf]lvd Go&quot;gLs/0f tyf k|sf]k sfnLg cj:yfdf k|sf]k ;fdgf tyf kxn s] s;/L ug]{ jf/]df ;'rLt tyf k|lzlIft 5glt; ljBfno Pj+ :jf:Yo ;'ljwfx? s] xfd|f ;d'bfodf cjl:yt ljBfno Pj+ c:ktfnx?df k|sf]k hf]lvd Go&quot;gLs/0f sf nflu k&quot;j{tof/L of]hgf jgfpg tyf k|sf]k sfnLg cj:yfdf k|sf]k ;fdgf tyf kxn ug{ ;s[o ;ldtLx? 5g<

67. PrPkmP @ hf]lvd d&quot;Nof+sg , cg'udg tyf k&quot;j{ ;&quot;rgf k|0ffnL xfd|f] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf If]qsf] ;d'bfodf vt/f / hf]lvd jf/] ;r]tgf, ;&quot;rgf / 5nkmnsf] k|ultsf] cj:yf s] 5< k|sf]k hf]lvd d&quot;Nof+sg s] xfd|f] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf If]qdf cj:yLt vt/f jf ;+s6 tyf ;+Defljt hf]lvd sf] cg'udg d&quot;Nof+sg / of]hgf th&quot;{df sf nflu ;d'bfosf ;j} -dlxnf, jfnjfnLsf tyf cGo ;+s6f;Gg ju{_ sf] ;xeflutfdf j}7s jf 5nkmn x'g] ub{5 < k&quot;j{ ;&quot;rgf k|0ffnL s] xfd|f] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf If]qsf] ;d'bfodf cj:yLt vt/f jf ;+s6 / ;+Defljt hf]lvd jf/] ;r]tgf u/fpg] / k&quot;j{ ;&quot;rgf k|bfg ug]{ k|0ffnLx? :yfkLt 5glt;

68. PrPkmP # 1fg / lzIff xfd|f] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf If]qsf ;d'bfo s'g xb ;Dd k|sf]k hf]lvd Go&quot;gLs/0f, k&quot;j{tof/L of]hgf tyf k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf kxn tyf k|lt/f]w Pj+ ug]{ ljifodf hfgLkmsf/ 5glt; ;'rgf Joj:yfkg tyf cfbfg k|bfg :yflgo :t/df /x]sf k|d'v vt/fx?sf] af/]df ;dalGwt ;d'bfodf sltsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;&quot;rgf ljt/0f tyf ;Dk|]l;t ul/G5 < cf}krf/Ls lzIff :yflgo of]hgfx? k|sf]k k&quot;j{ tof/L tyf ;fdgfsf nflu cf}krfl/s ?kdf ljBfno tyf SofDk;x?df k|lzlIft ul/G5 < hg r]tgf / j'emfO{ K|fsf]k cfO k/]sf] v08df ;+efljt vt/fx? ;fdgf ug{sf nflu s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo ;+u kof{Kt 1fg tyf ;';&quot;lrt cj:yfdf 5g t < cgf}krf/Ls lzIff K|fsf]ksf] ;+efljt vt/f tyf c;/x?af6 aRgsf nflu s] ;d'bfo ;+u k|ofKt ;&quot;rgf 5g jf cgf}krfl/s lzIff k|fKt u/]sf 5g h;n] ubf{ ;d'bfo k|efjsf/L kxn lng ;sf]; . ljBfno ;&quot;/Iff s] ;d'bfonfO{ yfxf 5 ,xfd|f] ljBfnox? sltsf] ;'/IfLt 5 eg]/ < s] ;d'bfonfO {tL ;j} Jojxfl/s sbdx? Sf] af/]df yfxf 5 ls xfd|f gofF / aGb} u/]sf ljBfno ;+/rfgfx? x/]s lsl;dn] k|sf]k sf] vt/faf6 ;+/lIft / ;';lHht 5g <

69. PrPkmP $ Jftfj/0f tyf k|fqm[lts >f]t Joj:yfkg Xfd|f] ;d'bfodf JofKt s[lifdf cfwfl/t k/Kk/ut cEof;x? s] Jftfj/0f d}qL cyf{t jftfj/0f hf]ufpg] tkm{ pBt 5g < Hfnjfo&quot; kl/jt{gsf] nflu cg's'ngtf s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo eljiodfcfO kg{] df};d tyf hnjfo&quot; kl/jt{g nfO{ cg's'ng ug{ tof/ 5g < vfB ;&quot;/Iff cfsl:ds a]nfdf x'g] ;+efljt vfB cefj nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ xfd|f] ;d'bfo;+u k|ofKt vfBfGg 5 t < ;fdflhs ;&quot;/Iff ;fv ul/ hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfo tyf ju{ x?sf] nflu k|sf]k k/]sf] a]nf tyf o; kl5 sf;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf] nflu k|Tofe&quot;lt ul/Psf] 5 t < ;fdflhs ;&quot;/Iff ;+hfnx?df logLx?sf] kx&quot;+rsf] l:ytL s:tf] 5 < ljQLo ;&quot;/Iff ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t art tyf nufgL of]hgfx? tL hf]lvddf /x]sf ju{x?sf] nflu pknAw/ d]n vfg] 5g t < u/LjL Go&quot;lgs/0f xfd|f ;d'bfo vf; ul/ tL hf]lvddf /x]sf ju{ ul/JfL Go&quot;gLs/0fsf nflu sltsf] ;Ifd /x]sf] 5 t< ;du| of]hgf k4lt :yflgo :t/df ul/g] ljsf;;+u ;Dalgwt of]hgfx?df tL ;d&quot;bfox?sf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtf nfO{ s;/L ;'lglZrt ug{'x'G5 < ejg ;+lxtf tyf dfkb08 K|fsf]k ;fdgfsf ] ;Gbe{df s] xfd|f] ;d’bfo lglb{i6 dfkb)8 cjndagsf nflu nflu tof/ 5g < ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?sf] ;'/Iff ;fj{hlgs ;Dklt tyf ;'ljwfx? gLdf{0f tyf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu s] xfd} ;d'bfo ;Ifd tyf tof/ 5g lt; Vft/fsf cGt/lglxt sf/s tTjx? ;+Defljt k|sf]k / hf]lvd clNks/0fsf nflu ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo cj:yf / e&quot; pkof]u If]qdf ul/Psf] k|ultsf] cj:yf s] 5<

70. PrPkmP % k&quot;j{ tof/L tyf ;fdgf k|efjsf/L kxnsf nflu - Ifdtf / >f]tsf] ;Gbe{df_ ;d'bfosf] K|fsf]k k&quot;j{ tof/L tyf ;fdgf sf] ;'[b[l9s/0f sf] If]qdf ePsf] kultsf] cj:yf K|fsf]k k&quot;j{ tof/L tyf ;fdgf s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;+u cfsl:ds k|ltsfo{ of]hgf 5 ? k|ltsfo{ ;Lkx? s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo;+u k|sf]ksf] a]nf ul/g] k|ofKt k|ltsfo{ ;Lkx? 5g< h:t} k|fylds pkrf/, vf]h tyf p4f/, ;+rf/ ,cUgL lgoGq0f ,hn z'l4s/0f cflb =========== ? vfnL u/fpg], ;&quot;/lIft cjt/0f s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo ;+u lgwf{l/t ;'/lIft lgsf; sf af6fx? / 7fFpx? 5g< l;ldt ultzLntf ePsf JolqMX? Nfflu s]xL of]hgf 5 t < Tfflnd tyf k&quot;j{ cEof; s] ;d'bfosf o:tf cfsl:ds k|ltsfo{ of]hgfx? Dffly tflnd cyjf k&quot;j{ cEof; ul/G5 < cfsl:ds >f]t pkna4L :yflgo ;d'bfo of :yflgo ;+3;:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df s]xL cfsl:ds >f]tx? pknA4 5g < ;dGjo tyf ;&quot;rgf cfbgk|bfg cfsl:ds anfdf cGo l5d]sL ;d'bfo, :yflgo clwsf/L ,u};; x?;+u ;dGjo tyf ;&quot;rgf cbfgk|bfg ug{] k|i6 vfsf tyf of]hgf 5 <

71. PrPkmP cGo cGt/ ;+DjlGwt ;jfnx? s] n}+lus, ;+fl:s[lts tyf eflifs ;jfnx? k|sf]k hf]lvd Go&quot;gLs/0f, k&quot;j{tof/L tyf k|sf]ksf k|efj clNks/0f of]hgf th{&quot;dfsf] bf}/fgdf x]l/Psf 5glt; ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf / ;'rgf s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo n] :yflgo clwsf/L tyf ;Da4 lgsfo;+u ;+rf/ tyf cg'/f]w / u'gf;f] ug{] k|i6 k|0ffnL / kl/kf6L 5 < ;lqmo ;xeflutf ;d'bfo vf;ul/ hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfo sf] :yflgo of]hgfx?df sltsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf x'g] u/]sf] 5 < lg0f{odf ;xeflutf :yflgo lgsfox?;+u of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf lg0f{o k|lqmofx?df oL hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox?sf] ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 < :jo+ ;]jf s] k|sf]ksf] a]nf ;d'bfo sf ;b:ox? :jo;]jf k|bfg u5{g< n}+lustf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t qm[ofsnfkx?df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ ;d'bfon] ;'lglZt u/]sf] 5 < ;+:qm[lts uDle/tf -k/Dk/fut 1fg_ K|fsf]ksf] c;/x?nfO{ 36fpgsf] nflu ;d'bfon] rngdf /x]sf ;+:qm[lts cEof; tyf k/Dk/fut 1fgx? nfO{ s;/L pkof]udf Nofpg] u/]sf] 5 < ;+f:qm[lts ulDe/tf -Effiff _ s] ;d'bfon] ToxfF /x]sf cflbjf;L tyf cNk;+Vosx?sf] efiffdf k|sf]k ;DalGwt ;jfnx? 5nkmn ug{] u/]sf 5g<

72. k|sf]k hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf wGojfb PSnf] gLsfon] s]lx ug{ ;St}g DRR is Everybody’s business Thank you tkfO{+x?sf] ;xof]u cfjZos 5 . Single Agency is not enough for DRR