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Disability, Death and Dying
- 1. Dr Neeta Gupta Associate Professor Department of psychology Certified Practitioner of EFT & REBT (London) & CBT (Scotland) DAV PG College Dehradun Disability,Death & Dying
- 2. Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behaviour areas. These conditions begin during the developmental period, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a person’s lifetime.
- 3. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self- help, and independent living. Developmental disabilities can be detected early on and persist throughout an individual's lifespan
- 4. Being healthy means the same thing for all of us—getting and staying well so we can lead full, active lives. Some health conditions, such as asthma, gastrointestinal symptoms, eczema and skin allergies, and migraine headaches, have been found to be more common among children with developmental disabilities. Thus, it is especially important for children with developmental disabilities to see a health care provider regularly.
- 5. Physical disabilities are categorised into groups. The main physical disability groups are: 1.Musculoskeletal and 2.Neuromusculoskeletal disability Musculoskeletal disability affects the joints, bones and muscles and includes loss or deformity of limbs, Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease) and Muscular Dystrophy (muscle weakness). These disabilities result in an inability to perform movements of body parts due to deformities, diseases or degeneration affecting the muscles or bones.
- 6. Neuromusculoskeletal disability Neuromusculoskeletal disability, defined as the inability to move affected body parts due to diseases, degeneration or disorder of the nervous system, resulting in physical disability. Conditions that fall under Neuromusculoskeletal disabilities are cerebral palsy, spina bifida, stroke, spinal cord injury, head injury and poliomyelitis.
- 7. Cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy occurs in young children and is a group of non-progressive disorders that damage the brain, causing impairment of motor function. Including associated disabilities such as intellectual and behavioural,.
- 8. Spina bifida Spina bifida is when there are problems in the development of a baby’s spinal cord, resulting in a gap in the spine, causing spinal nerves to be exposed. The development defect of the spinal canal may cause paralysis of the lower part of the body.
- 9. Acquired brain injury Acquired brain injuries are due to damage to the brain after birth and can be caused by a wide range of factors, including stroke, head injury, alcohol, drugs, lack of oxygen or various diseases such as cancer. This can cause the person to find it difficult to move certain parts of their body and struggle with daily activities.
- 10. Spinal cord injury Spinal cord injuries can result in total or partial impairment of sensory and motor functions in the body and limbs. A spinal cord injury can lead to paraplegia and tetraplegia. Paraplegia affects the lower limbs and results in a loss of movement and bowel and bladder control. Tetraplegia is a paralysis affecting both arms and legs resulting in total impairment of sensory and motor functions.
- 11. Epilepsy Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes a person to have a tendency of recurring seizures. There are many types of epilepsy which range in severity and each person with epilepsy experiences it differently.
- 12. Multiple sclerosis (MS) Multiple sclerosis is a condition affecting a person’s brain and spinal cord, causing a range of physical problems including movement, sensation and balance. MS lasts for a person’s whole life and can cause severe disability.
- 13. Arthritis Arthritis comes in many forms and causes pain and inflammation in joints and can affect children as well as adults. The most common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis, which affect the smooth cartilage lining of the joint, making movement more difficult and can cause pain and stiffness.
- 14. Death and dying: Death is a natural process and one that comes to us all. Hospice is a unique form of support for the patient and patient’s loved ones, with the goals of easing pain and discomfort and providing spiritual and emotional support. Studies have shown that patients live longer when they receive support and care from hospice than other patients with the same prognosis who do not opt for hospice.
- 15. Signs of dying: Changes in the way the body works are a normal part of the dying process. Your hospice care team can help you understand what changes to expect and how the pain and stress of dying can be minimized. Some of the natural changes that occur include: Less appetite or interest in food.
- 16. Loss of bladder and bowel control, change in colour or consistency Breathing rate Body temperature Skin appearance Mental state or behaviour Sleeping more or being unresponsive
- 17. The five leading causes of death for men: Ischemic heart diseases 14.3 % of all male deaths Dementia and Alzheimer disease 7.9% Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung 6.4% Chronic lower respiratory diseases 6.2% Cerebrovascular diseases 5.6%
- 18. The five leading causes of death for women: Dementia and Alzheimer disease 15.2% of all female deaths Ischaemic heart diseases 8.8% Cerebrovascular diseases 7.5% Influenza and Pneumonia 6.1% Chronic lower respiratory diseases 6.0%