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Stress and social support vs Cardio-Vascular Disorders
- 1. Stress and social support vs Cardio-Vascular Disorders Dr Neeta Gupta
- 2. Cardiovascular disease is the term for all types of diseases that affect the heart or blood vessels, including coronary heart disease (clogged arteries), which can cause heart attacks, stroke, congenital heart defects and peripheral artery disease.
- 3. The term cardiovascular disease is broad and a bit vague. Its definition encompasses heart disease and much more. The word itself can be broken down into two parts. "Cardio" refers to the heart, and "vascular" refers to all the blood vessels in the body. In comparison, heart disease is more specific and refers only to diseases of the heart, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, heart valve abnormalities, and abnormal heart rhythms. Cardiovascular disease therefore includes all the heart conditions, but also covers high blood pressure and narrowing of arteries supplying blood to other body parts and organs.
- 4. Key facts CVDs are the number 1 cause of death globally: more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. Over three quarters of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol using population-wide strategies. People with cardiovascular disease or who are at high cardiovascular risk (due to the presence of one or more risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia or already established disease) need early detection and management using counselling and medicines, as appropriate.
- 5. What are cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and they include: 1.coronary heart disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle; 2.cerebrovascular disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain;
- 6. 3.peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs; 4.rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria;
- 7. 5.congenital heart disease – malformations of heart structure existing at birth; 6.deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism – blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs.
- 8. What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease? The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of behavioural risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. These “intermediate risks factors” can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of developing a heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications.
- 9. There are also a number of underlying determinants of CVDs or "the causes of the causes". These are a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic and cultural change – globalization, urbanization and population ageing. Other determinants of CVDs include poverty, stress and hereditary factors.
- 10. Signs and symptoms can include: Chest pain, chest tightness, chest pressure and chest discomfort (angina) Shortness of breath
- 11. Pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your legs or arms if the blood vessels in those parts of your body are narrowed Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back You might not be diagnosed with coronary artery disease until you have a heart attack, angina, stroke or heart failure. Cardiovascular disease can sometimes be found early with regular evaluations.
- 12. Psychosocial causes of Cardiovascular disorder: It is well established that psychosocial factors are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low socioeconomic status, lack of social support, stress at work and in family life, anxiety disorders and depression have all been shown to increase risk of developing CVD. These factors are also associated with poor outcomes among patients with established CVD.
- 13. Stress is a normal part of life. Stress can come from physical causes like not getting enough sleep or having an illness. Our body’s response to stress is supposed to protect you. But, if it's constant, it can harm you. The hormone cortisol is released in response to stress. Studies suggest that the high levels of cortisol from long-term stress can increase blood cholesterol, triglycerides, blood sugar, and blood pressure. These are common risk factors for heart disease. This stress can also cause changes that promote the buildup of plaque deposits in the arteries.
- 14. Even minor stress can trigger heart problems like poor blood flow to the heart muscle. This is a condition in which the heart doesn't get enough blood or oxygen. And, long-term stress can affect how the blood clots. This makes the blood stickier and increases the risk of stroke. In addition, people who have a lot of stress may smoke or choose other unhealthy ways to deal with stress. Common responses to stress include: Aches and pains Decreased energy and sleep Feelings of anxiety, anger, and depression Impatience Forgetfulness
- 15. Preventive Measures: 1.Get plenty of exercise Exercise can help counteract the harmful effects of stress. For heart health, aim for at least 30 to 40 minutes, 4 to 5 days a week. Exercise can help to improve cardiovascular health by controlling weight, improving cholesterol , and lowering blood pressure. Their blood pressure and heart rates don't go up as high as people under stress who don't exercise. Regular exercise can also reduce the risk of depression, another risk factor for heart disease.
- 16. 2.Build a strong support system: Research suggests that having a strong support network like being married, having someone you can talk to and trust, or belonging to organizations or a religion can reduce your stress level and your risk of heart disease. If you already have heart disease, this same network can help reduce your risk for heart attack. Having at least one person you can rely on takes a heavy burden off you and provides comfort. A strong support system helps you take better care of yourself, too. Research shows that a lack of social support increases the chance of engaging in unhealthy behaviors like smoking, eating a high-fat diet, and drinking too much alcohol.
- 17. 3.Seek treatment for constant depression or anxiety Depression and anxiety can increase your risk of dying from heart disease, if you already have it. Research suggests that long-term anxiety or emotional stress can increase the risk for sudden cardiac death. To reduce your anxiety level, try activities that reduce stress like yoga, walking meditation, traditional meditation, guided imagery, or other methods. Look for classes in your area. Alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine can increase feelings of anxiety and increase your stress and blood pressure. Cutting back or quitting these substances may help decrease your anxiety and stress. Talk with your provider if you have feelings of depression or anxiety and ask about medicines that can help.
- 18. Cessation of tobacco use, reduction of salt in the diet, consuming fruits and vegetables, regular physical activity and avoiding harmful use of alcohol have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, drug treatment of diabetes, hypertension and high blood lipids may be necessary to reduce cardiovascular risk and prevent heart attacks and strokes. Health policies that create conducive environments for making healthy choices affordable and available are essential for motivating people to adopt and sustain healthy behaviour.