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Social Interaction
- 1. Social Interaction Dr Neeta Gupta Associate Professor Department of psychology Certified Practitioner of EFT & REBT (London) & CBT (Scotland) DAV PG College Dehradun
- 2. A social interaction is an exchange between two or more individuals and is a building block of society. Social interaction can be studied between groups of two (dyads), three (triads) or larger social groups.
- 3. By interacting with one another, people design rules, institutions and systems within which they seek to live. The study of social interaction involves the careful assessment of the practices of everyday communicating between people in various (usually) real-life contexts, such as doctor-patient visits, organizations, and human- computer communication.
- 4. Social interactions are complex in their manifestations and interrelationships. These interactions can involve: Smiling, Talking, or winking; Threatening,
- 5. Fighting, or debating; Negotiating, Discussing, or litigating.
- 6. Manifest and Latent Interaction: Manifest social interactions are the specific behaviors we perceive. A person throws a ball; another catches it; a third yells "Throw it to me." We see these interactions as specific behaviors:
- 7. Latent in another's manifest behavior are his intentions, which unify diverse and specific actions; his reasons, which explain and provide understanding; and the causes which have produced certain manifestations. Intentions, reasons, and causes are latents. Moreover, that which defines manifest behaviors or interactions as social is a latent, an underlying orientation towards another self.
- 8. Types of Social Interaction: Among the most common forms of social interaction are 1.Exchange, 2.Competition, 3.Conflict, 4.Cooperation, and 5.Accommodation. These five types of interaction take place in societies throughout the world. Exchange:Whenever people interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions, an exchange has taken place.
- 9. Social exchange explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. This is fundamentally oriented around the idea that all human behaviour is guided by an individual's interpretation of what is in his best interest. Social exchange advances the idea that relationships are essential for life in society and that it is in one's interest to form relationships with others.
- 10. COMPETITION Competition is a contest between people or groups of people for control over resources. In this definition, resources can have both literal and symbolic meaning. People can compete over tangible resources like land, food, and mates, but also over intangible resources, such as social capital. Competition is the opposite of cooperation and arises whenever two parties strive for a goal that cannot be shared.
- 11. Competition can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Positively, competition if it follows rules of conduct may serve as a form of recreation or it helps to motivate people to perform the the roles society asks of them. On the negative side, competition can cause injury, psychological stress, inequality, lack of cooperation and even conflict.
- 12. Social conflict is the struggle for agency or power within a society. It occurs when two or more people oppose one another in social interactions, reciprocally exerting social power in an effort to attain scarce or incompatible goals, and prevent the opponent from attaining them. Resources are scarce and individuals naturally fight to gain control of them
- 13. COOPERATION Cooperation is the process of two or more people working or acting together. Cooperation enables social reality by laying the groundwork for social institutions, organizations, and the entire social system. Without cooperation, no institution beyond the individual would develop; any group behaviour is an example of cooperation.This means that if two people know that they are going to encounter one another in the future or if they have memories of past cooperation, they are more likely to cooperate in the present.
- 14. Accommodation is the process by which competing and conflicting individuals and groups adjust their relationship to each other in order to overcome the difficulties which arise in competition, contravention or conflict.”
- 15. Social interaction usually takes place in the forms of cooperation's, competition, conflict, accommodation and assimilation.These forms of social interaction are called “social processes”.