Direct objects can be things or people that receive the action of the verb. In Spanish, direct objects that are people or animals are preceded by the personal "a". Direct object pronouns like "me", "te", "lo", "la", "nos", and "los" replace direct objects so they are not repeated. These pronouns agree in gender and number with the nouns they replace and can be placed before conjugated verbs or attached to infinitives and gerunds. Direct object pronouns are commonly used in conversation to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Pronouns
Pronouns
are words that take the place of nouns.
Antecedent – is the word for which the pronouns stand.
Different kinds of PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns – refer to the speaker, the person spoken to, and the person spoken of or about.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
He is an outstanding doctor from Russia.
Compound Personal Pronouns –
are personal pronouns to which the suffix
self (-selves) is added.
myself yourself thyself himself itself
herself themselves ourselves yourselves
Reflexive Pronouns –
are compound personal pronouns that “reflect” the action of the verb back to the subject.
They can defend themselves.
He hit himself on the thumb with a hammer.
Intensive Pronouns –
are compound personal pronouns used for emphasis.
They themselves can defend the fort.
He himself did the work.
Interrogative Pronouns –
are used to ask a question.
who whom whose which what
Demonstrative Pronouns –
point out the person or thing referred to.
this these that those
Indefinite Pronouns –
do not point out definite persons or things and do not usually have antecedents.
Numerical Pronouns –
can be either cardinal or ordinal numbers and are used to take the place of nouns in a sentence.
Reciprocal pronouns –
indicate an exchange of action in accordance with what is suggested by the verb.
Each other – used when two persons or things are involved.
One another – used when more than two persons or things are involved.
Relative Pronouns –
are used to introduce dependent clauses.
who whom whose which that
Pronouns
Pronouns
are words that take the place of nouns.
Antecedent – is the word for which the pronouns stand.
Different kinds of PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns – refer to the speaker, the person spoken to, and the person spoken of or about.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
He is an outstanding doctor from Russia.
Compound Personal Pronouns –
are personal pronouns to which the suffix
self (-selves) is added.
myself yourself thyself himself itself
herself themselves ourselves yourselves
Reflexive Pronouns –
are compound personal pronouns that “reflect” the action of the verb back to the subject.
They can defend themselves.
He hit himself on the thumb with a hammer.
Intensive Pronouns –
are compound personal pronouns used for emphasis.
They themselves can defend the fort.
He himself did the work.
Interrogative Pronouns –
are used to ask a question.
who whom whose which what
Demonstrative Pronouns –
point out the person or thing referred to.
this these that those
Indefinite Pronouns –
do not point out definite persons or things and do not usually have antecedents.
Numerical Pronouns –
can be either cardinal or ordinal numbers and are used to take the place of nouns in a sentence.
Reciprocal pronouns –
indicate an exchange of action in accordance with what is suggested by the verb.
Each other – used when two persons or things are involved.
One another – used when more than two persons or things are involved.
Relative Pronouns –
are used to introduce dependent clauses.
who whom whose which that
Direct vs Indirect Object Pronouns in SpanishLive Lingua
This article covers direct and indirect object pronouns in Spanish, including how and when to use them, and the differences between them. It provides examples in both sentence form and in graphs.
This is by no means an extremely accurate rendering of Passive Voice in English, but I did manage to put together information, examples and tips from various sources which I hope may be useful for anyone trying to understand this grammar point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Direct objects the personal a and direct object pronouns
1. Direct Objects, the Personal a,
and Direct Object Pronouns
(Los complementos directos, la a personal,
y los pronombres de complemento directo)
2. A direct object is a thing or person that
receives the direct action of the verb.
I eat the tamales.
Yo como los tamales.
Óscar kisses his wife.
Óscar besa a su esposa.
3. Notice that direct objects that are people or
domesticated animals (and sometimes personified
things) are signaled by the personal a.
Óscar kisses his wife.
Óscar besa a su esposa.
More information about the personal a follows on
the next slide.
I walk my dog every morning.
Paseo a mi perro todas las mañanas.
Patriots love their country.
Los patriotas aman a su patria.
4. Óscar has a very pretty wife.
Óscar tiene una esposa muy bonita.
We’re looking for an efficient secretary.
Buscamos una secretaria eficiente.
More on the personal a
Generally, the personal a is not used after the
verb tener.
Nor is it used with a direct object that is an
unspecified or indefinite person.
5. Alicia visits the doctor.
Alicia visita al médico.
Whom is Elisa calling?¿A quién llama Elisa?
More on the personal a
The personal a followed by the definite
article el contracts to form al.
When the interrogative quién(es) requests information
about the direct object, the personal a precedes it.
The personal a must be repeated before each human
direct object in a series.
Visito a Emilio y a Lola. I visit Emilio and Lola.
6. A direct object is a thing or person that
answers what or whom, respectively, in
the following equation:
SUBJECT + VERB + WHAT (WHOM)
DIRECT OBJECT
Yo como los tamales
Identifying a direct object
7. Did you buy ?
Yes, I bought .
Did you pay a lot for ?
Well, wasn’t cheap.
Can you play ?
Yes, and my brother plays too.
Pronouns are particles (little words) that take
the place of the object itself, so that the object
does not have to be repeated ad nauseum . . .
8. Pronouns are particles (little words) that take
the place of the object itself, so that the object
does not have to be repeated ad nauseum . . .
Notice how many times “the piano” was repeated.
9. Did you buy ?
Yes, I bought .
Did you pay a lot for ?
Well, wasn’t cheap.
Can you play ?
Yes, and my brother plays too.
Pronouns are particles (little words) that take
the place of the object itself, so that the object
does not have to be repeated ad nauseum . . .
A better, more concise way is to use pronouns instead
of repeating the noun over and over.
10. Direct object pronouns in Spanish, just as in
English, take the place of the direct object
itself, so that the direct object does not have
to be repeated, and repeated, and repeated . . .
¿Compraste ?
Sí, compré.
¿Puedes tocar ?
Sí, y mi hermano sabe tocar también.
11. The direct object pronouns in Spanish
are as follows:
me
te
lo, la
nos
os
los, las
for people
(lo, la) (los, las)
for people
and things
These are used
exclusively
These are used
12. I eat the tamales.
Yo como los tamales.
Yo los como.
Notice that third-person direct object pronouns agree
in gender and number with the noun they replace.
Now let’s see how pronouns replace
things or people that are direct objects.
13. Óscar kisses his wife.
Óscar besa a su esposa.
Óscar la besa.
Notice that third-person direct object pronouns agree
in gender and number with the noun they replace.
Now let’s see how pronouns replace
things or people that are direct objects.
14. Óscar besa a su esposa.
Notice that the personal a goes away
when the direct object noun is replaced
by a direct object pronoun.
Óscar la besa.
a
15. Óscar la besa.
or after an infinitive or gerund (present participle).
(Óscar, bésala.)
Óscar la va a besar.
Óscar va a besarla.
Óscar la está besando.
Óscar está besándola.
(except for affirmative command forms)
ALL object pronouns are placed either before a
conjugated verb
PLACEMENT OF PRONOUNS
16. Direct object pronouns are commonly used in
conversation when the object is established or known.
Again, this avoids needless repetition.
¿Dónde ves a Jorge y a Sarita? Where do you see Jorge
and Sarita?
Los veo en clase. I see them in class.
¿Visitas a tu abuela con
frecuencia?
Do you visit your
grandmother often?
Sí, la visito mucho. Yes, I visit her a lot.
Do not be misled into thinking that los and la in the above
answers are the subjects of the sentences just because they appear
in subject position. The subject of both answers, which is of
course yo, is simply not expressed in these instances.
17. Be aware that object pronouns, just like verbs, must
make a flip-flop transition when first and second
persons are involved in the conversation.
¿Me vas a invitar a tu fiesta?
Sí, te voy a invitar.
¿Nos puedes ayudar mañana?
No, no los puedo ayudar.
18. In negative sentences, the direct object pronoun is
placed between no and the conjugated verb.
Adolfo no la va a llamar.
Adolfo is not going to call her.
But, again, as in affirmative sentences, the object
pronoun may be attached to the end of the infinitive or
present participle.
Adolfo no va a llamarla.
