The direct method teaches grammar inductively through question and answer exercises, vocabulary through pantomiming, and focuses on spoken language over written. The teacher acts as a partner to students, using the target language exclusively and getting students to self-correct. Techniques include conversation practice, dictation, map drawing, and paragraph writing. Criticisms include its assumption that a second language is learned like a first, dependence on the teacher's abilities, and lack of structured grading of materials.

1. Direct Method

2. PRINCIPLES Grammar is taught inductively Teacher and students are more like partners in the teaching/learning process Language is primarily spoken, not written Intend that students learn how to communicate in the target language CHARACTERISTICS Fuente: Larsen-Freeman, Diane (2000) TECHNIQUES DIRECT METHOD Question and answer exercise Vocabulary by pantomiming Grammar by Inductive Approach Just spoken English Vocabulary is emphasized over grammar Interaction Students – Teacher very close Reading aloud The student’s native language should not be used in class Pronunciation receives attention from the beginning Focus on questions - answers patterns Teacher centeredness Tries to get students to self – correct whenever possible Conversation practice Dictation Map drawing Paragraph writing

3. Disadvantages of Direct Method 1.- Direct Method believed that second language should be learned in way in which first language was acquired. 2.- Effectiveness of verbalising skills depends on maturation level of the child / on type of environment on intelligence. 3.- The Direct Method rejects use of the printed word - but this objection is illogical since second language learner has already mastered his reading skills.

4. 4.- To avoid translating new words, they searched for an association between new words. 5.- Successful teacher of the Direct Method needed competence in his language / stamina/ energy/ imagination/ ability and time to create own materials and courses . 6.- And finally, Direct Methodists failed to grade and structure their materials adequately - no selection, grading or controlled presentation of vocabulary and structures.