The Audio Lingual Method emphasizes teaching speaking and listening through dialogues, drills, and imitation before reading and writing. It aims to develop native-like speaking abilities through habit formation and avoiding errors. Key techniques include memorizing dialogs, repetition drills, and question-answer exchanges, with the teacher as the central model and students imitating responses. While it aimed to develop communicative skills, critics note it lacked spontaneous creative output and paid little attention to content or communication.

1. AUDIO LINGUAL
METHOD

2. Definition ALM
The Audio lingual Method is a
method of foreign language teaching
which emphasizes the teaching of
listening and speaking before reading and
writing. It uses dialogues as the main
form of language presentation and drills
as the main training techniques. Mother
tongue is discouraged in the classroom.

3. The Principle of ALM
The principles of this method are:
1. Instructions are given in the target language.
2. Language forms occur within a context.
3. Students’ native language interferes as little as
possible with the students’ attempts to acquire the
target language.
4. Teaching is directed to provide students with a native-
speaker-like model.
5. Errors are carefully avoided because they lead to the
formation of bad habits.
6. Positive reinforcement helps the student to develop
correct habits.

4. 7. The teacher is regarded as an orchestra leader-conducting,
guiding and controlling the students’ behavior in the target
language.
8. Learning a foreign language is treated on par with the native
language learning.
9. Students are taken to be the imitators of the teacher’s model
or the tapes.
10. The dialogue is the chief means of presenting vocabulary,
structures and it is learned through repetition and imitation.
11. memorization and pattern drills are the practice techniques
that are emphasized.
12. Listening and speaking are given priority in language teaching,
and they precede reading and writing.
13. Correct pronunciation, stress, rhythm and intonation are
emphasized.

5. Characteristics ALM
Characteristics of the audio lingual method :
• Language learning is habit-formation.
• Mistakes are bad and should be avoided, as they
are considered bad habits.
• Language skills are learned more effectively if
they are presented orally first, then in written
form.
• Analogy is a better foundation for language
learning than analysis.
• The meanings of words can be learned only in a
linguistic and cultural context.

6. The main activities include reading aloud
dialogues, repetitions of model sentences, and
drilling. Key structures from the dialogue serve as
the basis for pattern drills of different kinds.
Lessons in the classroom focus on the correct
imitation of the teacher by the students. Not only
are the students expected to produce the correct
output, but attention is also paid to correct
pronunciation. Although correct grammar is
expected in usage, no explicit grammatical
instruction is given.
It is taught inductively. Furthermore, the
target language is the only language to be used in
the classroom.

7. Techniques of ALM
• (Dialog Memorization) : Through repetation
• Backward Bulld-up (Expansion) Drill :the
teacher breaks the line into several part
• Repetition Drill :studen repeat the teacher
model
• Chain Drill :conversation one by
one asking and answering
• Single Slot Subtitution :finding and filling in
the slot
• Multiple Slot Subtitution Drill

8. • Transformational Drill :from studen to
question,active and passive ,negative to positive
• Question and Answer Drill :studen should
answer the teacher question quickly.
• Use Minimal Pairs :ship - sheep
• Complete the Dialog :student complety by
filling the blank
• Grammar Game :games described in
the chapter should be use.

9. Role of Teacher
• Central & Active
• Model of the target
language (TL)
• Monitor the performance

10. Role of Student
• Reactive
• They do not initiate
interaction
• They are directed by the
teacher

11. Advantages
• Learners be able speaking the target
language communicatively.
• Learners have no difficulties to understand
the lesson as it is carried out in the mother
tongue.
• Learners are able to give correct response
directly.
• Learners more concern about the
combination between behavioral psychology
and linguistic.

12. Disadvantages
• Speaking or any kind of spontaneous
creative output was missing from the
curriculum.
• Students lacked an active role in the
classroom.
• Very little attention is paid to
communication.
• Very little attention is paid to content.
Process of learning only focus in speaking.

13. The Goal of ALM
The general goal of the Audio Lingual Method is
to enable the target language communicatively. And
there are two objectives in Audio Lingual Method such
as;
Brook distinguishes between short-range and
long - range objectives of an Audio Lingual program.
Short-range objectives include training in listening
comprehension and accurate pronunciation. Long -
range objectives or the ultimate goal is to develop the
student’s abilities are same like what native speakers
have, to use it automatically without stopping to
think.

14. Conclusion
The Audio Lingual Method focuses on
speaking and listening competence
stressing repetition and habit formation to
learn a second or a foreign language. This
method make the learner understand the
second language by memorizing and
practice speaking with drilling from the
people communication.