Direct & Indirect speech.pdf
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This useful table will help you to change sentences from direct speech into indirect speech (reported speech).
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The Simple present tense/ Present indefinite tense
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The document discusses various ways to talk about the future in English, including:
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2) Using the present simple to talk about schedules and timetables in the future.
3) Using "going to" + infinitive to talk about future plans and intentions.
4) Using "will" to talk about decisions made in the moment or to make predictions and guesses about the future.
Reported Speech
The document discusses different ways to report what someone else has said, including using direct versus indirect speech. It explains how to change verbs, pronouns, places and times when converting direct speech to indirect speech. Reporting questions and requests are also covered, as well as verbs used to report offers, suggestions and other speech acts.
Future Perfect
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Future perfect and future continuous
This document discusses the future continuous and future perfect tenses in English. It provides examples of how to use each tense, including sample sentences using verbs in brackets that are filled in to demonstrate the tenses. Exercises are also included for readers to practice forming sentences using the future continuous and future perfect tenses. Key differences between the tenses are that the future continuous describes an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future, while the future perfect describes an action that will be completed by a certain time in the future.
Adverbial phrases
The document discusses adverbial phrases and their use in sentences. It defines adverbial phrases as groups of words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs by describing how, why, where, or when an action occurred. Several examples of sentences are provided that contain adverbial phrases answering "how," "where," "why," or "when." A quiz section then gives additional sentences for the reader to identify the verb being modified and determine which question (how, where, why, when) the adverbial phrase in each sentence answers.
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Present perfect vs present perfect continuous
Explanation, practice and links to understand the main difference betweeen present perfect simple and continuous.
Defining and non defining relative clauses
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. It provides examples of defining relative clauses used with subjects, objects, prepositions, time, place, and possession. It also discusses the characteristics of non-defining relative clauses and provides examples of joining sentences using defining and non-defining relative clauses.
The Simple present tense/ Present indefinite tense
The present simple or present indefinite tense. These slides will help you to understand the present simple in a more effective way.
grammar
The document discusses various ways to talk about the future in English, including:
1) Using the present continuous to talk about definite future arrangements that have already been planned.
2) Using the present simple to talk about schedules and timetables in the future.
3) Using "going to" + infinitive to talk about future plans and intentions.
4) Using "will" to talk about decisions made in the moment or to make predictions and guesses about the future.
Reported Speech
The document discusses different ways to report what someone else has said, including using direct versus indirect speech. It explains how to change verbs, pronouns, places and times when converting direct speech to indirect speech. Reporting questions and requests are also covered, as well as verbs used to report offers, suggestions and other speech acts.
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Adverbial phrases
The document discusses adverbial phrases and their use in sentences. It defines adverbial phrases as groups of words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs by describing how, why, where, or when an action occurred. Several examples of sentences are provided that contain adverbial phrases answering "how," "where," "why," or "when." A quiz section then gives additional sentences for the reader to identify the verb being modified and determine which question (how, where, why, when) the adverbial phrase in each sentence answers.
Tthe conditional (1st and 2nd Conditional)
This document provides information about the different types of conditional sentences in English:
[1] Type 1 conditional sentences discuss possible future events and use the present simple in the if-clause and future simple in the main clause.
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[3] For purely imaginary situations, "were" is used with all subjects in the if-clause, regardless of number.
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Verb Pattern
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- In the passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject and the subject becomes optional.
- To form the present simple passive, use the appropriate form of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb.
- Examples are provided of changing sample sentences from active to passive voice.
Present perfect continuous tense
The document describes the present perfect continuous tense in English. It explains that this tense is used to describe an action that began in the past and either continues in the present or recently stopped. It provides the formula for forming the tense and examples of its use, including contractions. The tense is used to talk about actions that have just stopped or are continuing up until now. It also discusses using "for" and "since" with the present perfect continuous tense to specify periods of time.
Reported speech
This document provides information about reported speech, including why and how it is used, the changes that are required when moving from direct to reported speech, and examples of how to use reported speech to report statements, questions, requests and other speech. Specifically, it discusses changing verb tenses, pronouns, time expressions and other elements when using reported speech. It also provides exercises for the reader to practice converting examples of direct speech into the corresponding reported speech statements or questions.
Reported speech
it is useful for those who are learning English language. it is specially helpful for high school students.
Reported Speech
Reported speech is used to report what someone else has said and involves changing the tense of the original statement. For example, direct speech would be "I'm going to the cinema" while reported speech is "He said he was going to the cinema." Verb tenses in reported speech are typically changed to the past tense. The document provides a chart showing how common verb tenses such as present simple change to past simple in reported speech, and includes examples of other verb forms like will changing to would. Time and place references are also changed in reported speech, such as now becoming then.
Position of adverbs and adverb phrases
This document discusses the positioning of different types of adverbs in sentences. It explains that adverbs of frequency can go before or after verbs, adverbs of manner usually follow verbs they modify, adverbs of time often go at the end of sentences, adverbs of degree precede or follow adjectives or verbs depending on if they are words like "extremely" or "much", and comment adverbs frequently start sentences. The document provides examples to illustrate the typical placement of each adverb type.
Present perfect tense
This document provides an overview of the present perfect tense in English. It discusses the structure, uses, and key points about the tense. The structure is subject + have/has + past participle. There are three main uses: 1) experience, 2) change, and 3) continuing situations from the past until now. It also explains the difference between using "for" to indicate a period of time and "since" to refer to a specific point in the past. The goal is to help readers understand and properly use the present perfect tense.
Past Perfect
The document describes the past perfect tense in English. The past perfect uses the helping verb "had" plus the past participle of the main verb to describe actions that were completed before something else in the past. It provides examples of affirmative, negative, and question forms of the past perfect. The document also contrasts the past perfect and simple past tenses, explaining that the past perfect is used to describe what had occurred before a certain time in the past, while the simple past refers to actions that simply took place in the past. It includes practice exercises for readers to choose whether to use the past perfect or simple past form.
Future forms
The document discusses various ways to talk about the future in English using future forms. It explains the uses of "going to" for predictions based on evidence and decisions already made. "Will" is used for predictions based on intuition and instant decisions. Plans can be expressed using "going to" or the present continuous. Future time clauses with words like "after", "before", and "until" take the present simple verb form. The future continuous expresses an action in progress at a specific future time. The future perfect indicates an action will be completed before another specified future time.
Used to
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Reported speech
This document provides an overview of reported speech, including:
- Reported speech is used to tell someone about a past conversation. It involves changing verb tenses and words like pronouns, times and places.
- Common changes include changing the present tense to past tense, changing pronouns and time/place words. Verbs stay the same if the original statement was in past tense.
- Examples are given to demonstrate direct speech being changed to reported speech. Exercises then provide critics' comments from the past to change to reported speech.
Present tenses
The document discusses the structure and uses of the present tenses in English:
1) The present simple is used for facts, habits, schedules, and jokes or stories. It takes the form of subject + verb (+s/es) or subject + do/does + verb.
2) The present continuous is used for actions happening now, temporary situations, and future plans. It takes the form of subject + am/is/are + verbing.
3) The present perfect simple is used for situations that started in the past and continue to the present. It takes the form of subject + have/has + past participle and can indicate duration using "for" or a specific starting point
Will or Going to
The document discusses the use of the future tense in English using will + infinitive and be/am/is/are going to + infinitive. Will + infinitive is used to make predictions about the future based on present knowledge, to refer to decisions made in the present, and to make promises or offers. Be/am/is/are going to + infinitive is used to talk about intentions, plans, and things that have been decided to do, as well as predictions based on present evidence. A dialogue demonstrates using will + infinitive to predict someone's future in responses to their questions. The document concludes by reviewing the uses of will + infinitive and be/am/is/are going to + infinit
Past continuous tense
1) The past continuous tense describes an action that was ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the past. It uses the structure of was/were + verb+ing.
2) It is used to describe actions that were interrupted by other actions in the simple past tense or by specific times.
3) It can also describe two parallel ongoing actions happening simultaneously in the past.
4) It is sometimes used to describe the atmosphere or setting at a past time by listing several ongoing parallel actions.
5) With words like "always" or "constantly", it expresses irritation with repetitive ongoing past actions.
Modal verbs
This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used to modify the meaning of other verbs. It provides examples of common modal verbs like can, could, will, shall, must, should, might, and may. It explains how modal verbs are used to show ability, likelihood, advice, permission, obligation, and habits. It provides exercises for learners to practice identifying modal verbs, making them negative, choosing the right modal verb, and matching pictures to sentences containing modal verbs.
Relative Clauses
The document defines and provides examples of different types of relative clauses and relative pronouns in English, including:
- Defining relative clauses use pronouns like who, that, which to identify a specific antecedent. Non-defining clauses use commas and provide extra information.
- Relative pronouns who, which, that, when, where, whom, whose are used depending on if referring to a person, thing, place, time or possession.
- Subject and object pronouns depend on if the relative pronoun is the subject or object of the clause.
Examples are given of combining sentences using defining and non-defining relative clauses.
Simple future tense
The document discusses the simple future tense in English. It defines the future tense as being used for future activities or states of being. The simple future tense uses the helping verbs "will" or "shall" plus the base form of the main verb. Examples are provided of simple future tense sentences like "I will jump in the lake" and instructions are given for forming simple future tense sentences using the structure of subject + will/shall + verb. Practice questions are included at the end to test changing sentences into the simple future tense.
Question tags
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Direct & indirect speech table
The best table best on reported speech in English you will ever find.
http://www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com/conditionals-and-causative-verbs.php
Reported speech
The document discusses how to report statements, questions, and requests that were spoken by someone else. It explains that when reporting speech, verb tenses must change to the past tense. Time, place, and pronouns may also need to change. Yes/no questions are reported using "if/whether" and wh- questions use the wh- word. Requests can be reported using "told to" for positive requests and "told not to" for negative requests.
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This document provides information about the different types of conditional sentences in English:
[1] Type 1 conditional sentences discuss possible future events and use the present simple in the if-clause and future simple in the main clause.
[2] Type 2 conditional sentences discuss unlikely or imaginary events and use the past simple in the if-clause and "would" + infinitive in the main clause.
[3] For purely imaginary situations, "were" is used with all subjects in the if-clause, regardless of number.
The document explains the structures and provides examples of each type of conditional sentence. It also includes a learning check section with conditional sentence exercises.
Verb Pattern
The document discusses various types of verb patterns in English. It explains that verbs can be classified as finite or non-finite. Finite verbs show tense and voice, and depend on factors like the subject and helping verbs. Non-finite verbs do not show tense and can function as nouns, verbs, adjectives or prepositions. Specifically, it covers infinitives, gerunds, participles, and the differences between finite and non-finite verbs.
Present simple passive
The document discusses the present simple passive voice in English. It provides examples of changing sentences from the active to the passive voice. Key points:
- In the passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject and the subject becomes optional.
- To form the present simple passive, use the appropriate form of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb.
- Examples are provided of changing sample sentences from active to passive voice.
Present perfect continuous tense
The document describes the present perfect continuous tense in English. It explains that this tense is used to describe an action that began in the past and either continues in the present or recently stopped. It provides the formula for forming the tense and examples of its use, including contractions. The tense is used to talk about actions that have just stopped or are continuing up until now. It also discusses using "for" and "since" with the present perfect continuous tense to specify periods of time.
Reported speech
This document provides information about reported speech, including why and how it is used, the changes that are required when moving from direct to reported speech, and examples of how to use reported speech to report statements, questions, requests and other speech. Specifically, it discusses changing verb tenses, pronouns, time expressions and other elements when using reported speech. It also provides exercises for the reader to practice converting examples of direct speech into the corresponding reported speech statements or questions.
Reported speech
it is useful for those who are learning English language. it is specially helpful for high school students.
Reported Speech
Reported speech is used to report what someone else has said and involves changing the tense of the original statement. For example, direct speech would be "I'm going to the cinema" while reported speech is "He said he was going to the cinema." Verb tenses in reported speech are typically changed to the past tense. The document provides a chart showing how common verb tenses such as present simple change to past simple in reported speech, and includes examples of other verb forms like will changing to would. Time and place references are also changed in reported speech, such as now becoming then.
Position of adverbs and adverb phrases
This document discusses the positioning of different types of adverbs in sentences. It explains that adverbs of frequency can go before or after verbs, adverbs of manner usually follow verbs they modify, adverbs of time often go at the end of sentences, adverbs of degree precede or follow adjectives or verbs depending on if they are words like "extremely" or "much", and comment adverbs frequently start sentences. The document provides examples to illustrate the typical placement of each adverb type.
Present perfect tense
This document provides an overview of the present perfect tense in English. It discusses the structure, uses, and key points about the tense. The structure is subject + have/has + past participle. There are three main uses: 1) experience, 2) change, and 3) continuing situations from the past until now. It also explains the difference between using "for" to indicate a period of time and "since" to refer to a specific point in the past. The goal is to help readers understand and properly use the present perfect tense.
Past Perfect
The document describes the past perfect tense in English. The past perfect uses the helping verb "had" plus the past participle of the main verb to describe actions that were completed before something else in the past. It provides examples of affirmative, negative, and question forms of the past perfect. The document also contrasts the past perfect and simple past tenses, explaining that the past perfect is used to describe what had occurred before a certain time in the past, while the simple past refers to actions that simply took place in the past. It includes practice exercises for readers to choose whether to use the past perfect or simple past form.
Future forms
The document discusses various ways to talk about the future in English using future forms. It explains the uses of "going to" for predictions based on evidence and decisions already made. "Will" is used for predictions based on intuition and instant decisions. Plans can be expressed using "going to" or the present continuous. Future time clauses with words like "after", "before", and "until" take the present simple verb form. The future continuous expresses an action in progress at a specific future time. The future perfect indicates an action will be completed before another specified future time.
Used to
The document discusses the use of the construction "used to" to talk about past habits, repeated actions, or things that were previously true but are no longer the case. It provides examples of using "used to" in affirmative, negative, and question forms. The document also explains when to use "be used to" to talk about things that are currently habitual or normal for someone. Exercises are included to practice using "used to" and "be used to" correctly.
Reported speech
This document provides an overview of reported speech, including:
- Reported speech is used to tell someone about a past conversation. It involves changing verb tenses and words like pronouns, times and places.
- Common changes include changing the present tense to past tense, changing pronouns and time/place words. Verbs stay the same if the original statement was in past tense.
- Examples are given to demonstrate direct speech being changed to reported speech. Exercises then provide critics' comments from the past to change to reported speech.
Present tenses
The document discusses the structure and uses of the present tenses in English:
1) The present simple is used for facts, habits, schedules, and jokes or stories. It takes the form of subject + verb (+s/es) or subject + do/does + verb.
2) The present continuous is used for actions happening now, temporary situations, and future plans. It takes the form of subject + am/is/are + verbing.
3) The present perfect simple is used for situations that started in the past and continue to the present. It takes the form of subject + have/has + past participle and can indicate duration using "for" or a specific starting point
Will or Going to
The document discusses the use of the future tense in English using will + infinitive and be/am/is/are going to + infinitive. Will + infinitive is used to make predictions about the future based on present knowledge, to refer to decisions made in the present, and to make promises or offers. Be/am/is/are going to + infinitive is used to talk about intentions, plans, and things that have been decided to do, as well as predictions based on present evidence. A dialogue demonstrates using will + infinitive to predict someone's future in responses to their questions. The document concludes by reviewing the uses of will + infinitive and be/am/is/are going to + infinit
Past continuous tense
1) The past continuous tense describes an action that was ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the past. It uses the structure of was/were + verb+ing.
2) It is used to describe actions that were interrupted by other actions in the simple past tense or by specific times.
3) It can also describe two parallel ongoing actions happening simultaneously in the past.
4) It is sometimes used to describe the atmosphere or setting at a past time by listing several ongoing parallel actions.
5) With words like "always" or "constantly", it expresses irritation with repetitive ongoing past actions.
Modal verbs
This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used to modify the meaning of other verbs. It provides examples of common modal verbs like can, could, will, shall, must, should, might, and may. It explains how modal verbs are used to show ability, likelihood, advice, permission, obligation, and habits. It provides exercises for learners to practice identifying modal verbs, making them negative, choosing the right modal verb, and matching pictures to sentences containing modal verbs.
Relative Clauses
The document defines and provides examples of different types of relative clauses and relative pronouns in English, including:
- Defining relative clauses use pronouns like who, that, which to identify a specific antecedent. Non-defining clauses use commas and provide extra information.
- Relative pronouns who, which, that, when, where, whom, whose are used depending on if referring to a person, thing, place, time or possession.
- Subject and object pronouns depend on if the relative pronoun is the subject or object of the clause.
Examples are given of combining sentences using defining and non-defining relative clauses.
Simple future tense
The document discusses the simple future tense in English. It defines the future tense as being used for future activities or states of being. The simple future tense uses the helping verbs "will" or "shall" plus the base form of the main verb. Examples are provided of simple future tense sentences like "I will jump in the lake" and instructions are given for forming simple future tense sentences using the structure of subject + will/shall + verb. Practice questions are included at the end to test changing sentences into the simple future tense.
Question tags
The document discusses question tags, which are short questions added to the end of statements. It explains that question tags are used to check information and their form depends on whether the preceding statement is positive or negative. It provides examples of common question tags and how they are answered briefly, often with just "yes" or "no".
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Direct & indirect speech table
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http://www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com/conditionals-and-causative-verbs.php
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The document discusses how to report statements, questions, and requests that were spoken by someone else. It explains that when reporting speech, verb tenses must change to the past tense. Time, place, and pronouns may also need to change. Yes/no questions are reported using "if/whether" and wh- questions use the wh- word. Requests can be reported using "told to" for positive requests and "told not to" for negative requests.
Reported speech | Direct and Indirect speech
Reported speech is an English grammar topic which is one of the hardest grammar topics but this PPT will help you a lot to improve in this grammar topic. This includes all the rules of how to covert direct to indirect speech
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The document discusses how to change reported speech from direct to indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change verb tenses, pronouns, determiners, words referring to time and place, and changing statements to questions or commands when reporting what someone said. The examples show the changes needed such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time, and verb tenses while keeping the original meaning.
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The present perfect tense4 th
The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It provides examples of verbs used in the present perfect and simple past tenses. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to talk about completed past actions at unspecified times. In contrast, the simple past tense specifies when the action occurred. The document also discusses using words like "already", "yet", "ever", and "never" with the present perfect and simple past tenses. Exercises are provided for learners to practice using these tenses correctly.
Reported Speech
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It provides examples of how to change verbs and other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place, questions, commands, suggestions and invitations from direct to indirect speech based on guidelines presented in the document.
Reported speech
This document discusses reported speech (also called indirect speech), which is when someone repeats what another person has said in their own words. When reporting a statement, the tenses of the original statement may need to be changed depending on whether the reporting verb is in the present or past tense. For example, if someone says "I like it" and the reporting verb is in the present like "He says", the tense would not change. But if the reporting verb was in the past like "He said", the tense would change to "He said that he liked it". Imperative statements like orders or requests do not change. The document also provides examples of how different tenses are changed when converting to reported speech.
Direct and reported speech
1. The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks and reports exactly what someone said, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and the verb tenses typically change.
2. Examples are provided of how the verb tenses change from direct to reported speech, such as present simple becoming past simple. Modal verbs like will and can also change to would and could.
3. A table outlines other changes like today becoming that day, tomorrow becoming the next day, and here becoming there.
The present perfect tense4 th
This document provides information about the present perfect tense in English. It begins by listing common regular and irregular verb forms in the present, past, and past participle. It then provides examples of sentences using the present perfect tense, such as "I have already eaten breakfast." It explains that the present perfect is used to talk about completed past actions at unspecified times. It provides more examples and discusses uses involving time expressions like "ever" and "yet." Overall, the document offers a thorough overview of how to form and use the present perfect tense in English.
Reported speech
This document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. Direct speech reports what someone said verbatim, using quotation marks. Reported speech does not use quotation marks, but rather reports the essence of what was said in an indirect way, making necessary adjustments to verb tenses and time/place words based on the rules outlined. The document provides numerous examples of how direct speech would be changed to the corresponding reported speech, such as changing the present tense "I am happy" to the past tense "He said that he was happy."
Reported Speech
The document discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech by modifying verbs and time/place words as needed. Some key changes when converting to reported speech include changing the present tense to past tense, changing time/place words like "today" to "that day", and changing pronouns like "this" and "here" to "that" and "there". Whether the tenses or words change depends on factors like whether the information is still true or outdated.
Reportedspeech. 13
This document discusses how to report what someone else said in indirect or reported speech. It provides rules for changing pronouns, verb tenses, time and place expressions when reporting statements, questions, requests and commands that were originally direct speech. For statements, reporting verbs like said, told, explained are used followed by a that-clause. For questions, the verb ask is used along with whether or if for yes/no questions and the same wh- word for wh- questions. Requests and commands are reported using verbs like tell, ask or order followed by an object and infinitive.
Reported Speech
The document discusses reported speech, including how to change verb tenses and time/place references when reporting what someone said. It provides examples of changing direct speech like "I'm going to the park" to reported speech like "She said she was going to the park." It also lists and defines common reporting verbs used to report what someone said, like said, asked, announced, admitted, etc.
Direct speach
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EARLY vs SOON
Hey there! Today, we're diving into the intriguing world of English grammar. We'll shed some light on the sneaky differences between two commonly used words when it comes to arriving at a place: "early" and "soon". Take a look at the cool picture below to learn when and how to use these words. Get ready for some grammar fun!
#c1advanced #B2First #caeexamm #fceexam #ieltsexam #TOEIC
#TOEFL #cambridgeenglish #cambridgeenglishexams #commonmistakes #englishlearningtips #englishteaching #englishgrammar #advancedenglishgrammar
PAST or PASSED?
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PAST vs PASSED
Do you ever get confused between the words "past" and "passed"? These two words are often mistaken for each other, but they have different meanings and uses. Check out today's post to gain a better understanding of when to appropriately use each one.
#B2First #c1advanced #IELTS #TOEIC #TOEFL #caeexam #fceexam #useofenglishpart4 #keywordtransformation #englishgrammar #cambridgeenglishexams #englishlanguagelearning #anglais #ingles #inglese #englisch
the same as - the same that
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THE SAME AS vs THE SAME THAT
Have you ever been confused about whether to use "the same as" or "the same that" in a sentence? While they may seem interchangeable, there is a difference in how they are used.
Have a look at today's grammar sheet to learn when and how to use these two phrases correctly.
Note : “the same as” and “the same that” may come up in the key word transformation part (use of English part 4) of the B2 First and C1 Advanced exams.
#B2First #c1advanced #IELTS #TOEIC #TOEFL #caeexam #fceexam
#useofenglishpart4 #keywordtransformation #englishgrammar
#cambridgeenglishexams #englishlanguagelearning
Future in time clauses
YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THIS SHEET IN PDF FORMAT HERE : https://www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com/future-in-time-clauses.php
FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES with words like WHEN, IF, BY THE TIME, BEFORE, AFTER, AS SOON AS, WHILE, ONCE, UNTIL, etc. We often use present tense forms to talk about the future. We do not use the future tense (will).
Examples :
√ As soon as I get there , I will call you.
✘As soon as I will get there, I will call you.
√ He wants to retire when he is 60 years old.
✘He wants to retire when he will be 60 years old.
√ The party will be over by the time I get home.
✘The party will be over by the time I will get home.
#B2First #c1advanced #upperintermediate #IELTS #TOEIC #TOEFL
#useofenglishpart4 #keywordtransformation #englishgrammar
#cambridgeenglishexams #timeclauses #englishlanguage
SAYING NO.pdf
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https://www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com/saying-no.php
SAYING NO
Have a look at this sheet to learn when and how to use the verbs decline, deny, refuse, reject , and turn down to express the idea of saying no or refusing something.
#B2First #c1advanced #c2proficiency #cpeexam #caeexam
#keywordtransformation #useofenglish #cambridgeenglish
#toeic #TOEFL #IELTs #advancedenglish #opencloze #wordformation #sayingno #ingles #inglese #englischlernen #anglais
as far as, until, up to.pdf
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AS FAR AS, UNTIL , UP TO
"As far as", "until", and "up to" are used to indicate a limit or endpoint. Have a look at this grammar sheet to learn when to use them.
NOTE: "As far as", "until", and "up to" may come up in the open cloze (use of English part 2) and the key word transformation parts (use of English part 4) of the B2 First and C1 Advanced exams.
#B2First #c1advanced #c2proficiency #cpeexam #caeexam
#keywordtransformation #useofenglish #cambridgeenglish
#toeic #TOEFL #IELTs #advancedenglish #opencloze #wordformation
Already, Still, Yet
YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THIS GRAMMAR SHEET IN PDF FORMAT HERE : https://www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com/already-still-yet.php
ALREADY, STILL, YET
Have a look a this grammar sheet to learn how and when to use these three common adverbs.
#b2firstexam #B2First #fceexam #modalverbs #useofenglishpart4
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#TOEFL #IELTS #englishgrammar #englishlanguagelearning
300 Most Common Transf-KWT (B2-C1)-.pdf
EBOOK VALUED AT €10.99 - DOWNLOAD IT FOR FREE HERE : https://www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com/most-common-transformations.php
The Key Word Transformation is part 4 of the Reading and Use of English paper. In this part a wide range of different grammatical structures and vocabulary are tested. You must show your ability to paraphrase using the key word and, most importantly, keeping the meaning the same.
The difficulty lies on the great variety of grammatical structures that you need to learn in order to do this part of the Use of English exam successfully.
This ebook contains a list of the expressions that come up most frequently in this part of the Reading and Use of English paper (Cambridge English: B2 First and Cambridge English : C1 Advanced). It will help you to familiarise yourself with the usual transformations among set phrases , phrasal verbs, phrasal prepositional verbs, idioms ,etc.
it comes vs there comes
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Advanced English - IT COMES or THERE COMES
Should we say "it comes a time when" or "there comes a time when"? Have a look at this grammar sheet to find out?
#c1advanced #c2proficiency #keywordtransformation #useofenglishpart4 #caeexam #englishlanguage #TOEFL #TOEIC #ielts #englishgrammar #ingles #ingleseperitaliani #anglaisfacile #englischlernen #confusingwords #advancedenglish
Watch out for - Look out for
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WATCH OUT FOR vs LOOK OUT FOR
Have a look at the grammar sheet below to learn the difference in usage between these two phrasal verbs.
#c1advanced #b2first #keywordtransformation #useofenglishpart4 #caeexam #englishlanguage #TOEFL #TOEIC #ielts #englishgrammar #ingles #ingleseperitaliani #anglaisfacile #englischlernen #confusingwords #fceexam
QUANTIFIERS
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QUANTIFIERS
A quantifier is a word or phrase used to talk about quantities, amounts or degree. They can be used with a noun (as a determiner) or without a noun (as a pronoun) : Is there any bread? (any as a determiner) Yes, there's a little. (a little as a pronoun)
NOTE: Quantifiers are often tested in the Open Cloze task (use of English part 2) of the B2, C1 and C2 Cambridge English exams.
#B2First #c1advanced #c2proficiency #opencloze #useofenglishpart2 #cambridgeenglish #fceexam #caeexam
#useofenglish #englishlanguage #IELTS #TOEFL #caeexam
Introducing Reasons in English (phrases).pdf
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Introducing Reasons in English
There are different ways of introducing reasons and examples in English. These are some of the most common:
firstly… secondly… thirdly … lastly
for one thing … (for another/ for another thing)
for starters / for a start / to start with
in the first place … in the second place …
on the one hand … on the other (hand …)
#B2First #c1advanced #CambridgeEnglish #b2speaking #c1speaking #b2speakingtest #TOEIC #TOEFL #IELTS #englishlanguage #englishspeaking
apart from, aside from, except for
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APART FROM, ASIDE FROM, EXCEPT FOR
Apart from, aside from, and except for are multi-word prepositions.
Apart from :
Apart from can mean either ‘including’ or ‘excluding’:
I've finished apart from the last question.(excluding the last question)
Apart from his salary, he also has a private income. (including his salary/ in addition to his salary)
Except for :
Except for or except only mean ‘not including’ or ‘excluding’:
I like all vegetables except for tomatoes. (excluding tomatoes)
Aside from : except for; besides:
This form is more usual in American English.
I don’t watch any television, aside from the news.
NOTE: Apart from and Except for may come up in the open cloze part (use of English part 2) and in the key word transformation part (use of English part 4) of the B2 First and C1 Advanced exams
#b2first #c1advanced #keywordtransformation #TOEIC #TOEFL #IELTS #englishgrammar #englishlanguage #opencloze #fceexam #caeexam #useofenglish
Enough and Too (B2 Grammar)
YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THIS SHEET IN PDF FORMAT HERE : https://www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com/enough-and-too.php
ENOUGH and TOO
Enough means 'sufficient, the right quantity'. Too means 'more than enough'.
I don't want to swim in the sea today - it's too cold/ it isn't warm enough.
TOO to ENOUGH / ENOUGH to TOO
NOTE: This is a common transformation in the key word transformation part (use of English part 4) at B2 and C1 level.
#B2First #c1advanced #keywordtransformation #cambridgeenglish #englishgrammar #TOEIC #TOEFL #IELTS #useofenglishpart4 #englishlanguage #englishlearning #enoughandtoo
MIGHT (criticism and suggestions)..pdf
might have done, might have + -ed form, might to express disapproval or criticism, might for criticism, might for suggestions. might to make a suggestion, might to give advice, c2 proficiency key word transformation, cpe key word transformation, use of English part 4 c2, use of English part 4 cpe, proficiency key word transformation, cpe key word transformation exercises, C2 key word transformation exercises pdf, C2 key word transformation exercises, key word transformations pdf, key word transformation tips, proficiency key word transformation,
A long way (phrases).pdf
Be a long way,
Be a long way from sth ,
By a long way ,
Come a long way
Go a long way,
Go a long way toward(s) doing something,
Go a long way,
Have a long way to go ,
TO BITS
YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THIS SHEET IN PDF FORMAT HERE: https://www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com/to-bits.php
TO BITS
into small pieces:
blow/pull/rip/smash/tear sth to bits
The car was blown to bits.
Fall to bits/pieces - phrase
to be in a very bad condition because of being old or badly made
My briefcase eventually fell to bits.
very much or extremely (British English informal)
Mark’s a darling – I love him to bits.
#useofenglishpart4 #B2First #c1advanced #c2proficiency #keywordtransformation #IELTS #TOEIC #TOEFL #englishteaching #cambridgeenglishexams #englishgrammar #englishlanguage #englishlearning
ENOUGH (PHRASES)
Curiously enough,
Fair enough ,
Funnily/strangely/oddly enough,
Near enough,
Nowhere near enough , not nearly enough,
Sure enough,
True enough,
THE FORMER and THE LATTER
THE FORMER and THE LATTER
In formal English, we use the terms “the former” and “the latter” to refer back to the first and last item of a set respectively.
Have a look at the grammar sheet below to learn when and how to use them.
Note: The former and the latter may come up in the gapped text exercise (C1 reading part 7 / C2 reading part 6) at the beginning of the paragraph after the gap to refer back to the previous one. They are connecting words that will help you link two paragraphs.
#b2first #c1advanced #c2proficiency #cambridgeenglish #readingtest #gappedtext #gappedtextcpe #readingpart6 #readingpart7 #cpereading #caereading #IELTS
IN THE WAY vs ON THE WAY
The phrases "be in the way" and "be on the way" are similar in structure , but very different in meaning.
We use "be in the way" to express that that someone or something is preventing us from doing something because they are in the space we need to do that particular movement or action. It is also used to mean that someone or something is preventing something from happening or making it more difficult. Therefore, it has a negative connotation.
Examples :
Am I in the way here? I can move over if you need me to.
I tried to get through quickly , but there were many people in the way.
We use "be on the way" to talk about things that are in progress , or to talk about the direction , route or path to some place.
Examples:
Don't worry I'll be there before the meeting starts. I'm already on my way.
Weather experts say a hot summer is on the way.
In the grammar sheets below, you will find some more examples that will help you to better understand how to use these two phrases.
#b2first #c1advanced #englishphrases #keywordtransformation #useofenglishpart4 #IELTS #conversationalenglish #TOEIC
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- 1. BACKSHIFT OF TENSES Simple Present I am a carpenter. He said that he was a carpenter. Simple past Present continuous I’m working at the moment. He said that he was working at that moment. Past continuous Simple Past I was there last year. He said that he had been there the year before. Past perfect simple Past continuous I was working when you came in. He said that he had been working when I had come in. Past perfect continuous Past perfect simple I had finished my homework when he came in. He said that he had finished his homework when he had come in. Past perfect simple Past perfect continuous I had been working for two hours when John showed up. He said that he had been working for two hours when John had showed up. Past perfect continuous Present perfect I have already done it. He said that he had already done it. Past perfect simple Present perfect continuous I have been working here for two years. He said that he had been working there for two years. Past perfect continuous Future simple I will finish tomorrow. He said that he would finish the next day. Would Future perfect By next month, I will have finished my book. He said that by the following month he would have finished his book. Would have Present passive The book is written in English. He said that that book was written in English. Past passive Present passive continuous Many shops are being opened in the city centre. He said that many shop were being opened in the city centre. Past passive continuous PRONOUNS DIRECT SPEECH I he, she me him, her my his, her, the mine his, hers we they us them our their, the ours theirs you they, them you their, the yours theirs this that, the these those, the this book that book, DIRECT & INDIRECT TIME DIRECT SPEECH today that day tomorrow the next day / the following day now at that moment / then at the moment at that moment /time present , current existing , current in one hour one hour later last week, last night the week ,the night before next year , next month, etc. the following year, the following month,etc. yesterday the day before this evening that evening …days ago …days before tonight that night in two week’s time two weeks later ago before REPORTED QUESTIONS DIRECT SPEECH Do you like …? He asked me if I liked… Will you come…? He asked me if I would come… Are you feeling…? He asked me if I was feeling… Did you do…? He asked me if I had done… Have you finished…? He asked me if I had finished… Were you there last…? He asked me if I had been there last… What are you doing? He asked me what I was doing. Where are you going? He asked me where I was going. Who are you here with? He asked me who I was there with. When are you leaving? He asked me when I was leaving. How are you going to do it? He asked me how I was going to do it. MODALS DIRECT SPEECH can (ability, present) could can (ability, future) would be able to may (possibility) might may (permission, present) could may (permission, future) would be allowed to must (obligation, present) must / had to must (obligation, future) must / would have to needn't (necessity, present) didn’t have to / didn’t need to needn't (necessity, future) wouldn’t have to shall (future time) would shall (offers, suggestions) should should (advice / criticism) should will would REPORTED COMMANDS DIRECT SPEECH Do your homework! Dad told me to do my homework, Don’t talk in class! My teacher told me not to talk in class, Be quiet! He told us to be quiet, REPORTED SUGGESTIONS DIRECT SPEECH Let’s watch a film. He suggested watching a film. He suggested that we watch a film. Why don't you go to the doctor? He suggested that I go to the doctor. I don't think you should do it today. He suggested that I not do it that day. PLACE DIRECT SPEECH here there there there in this room in that room