The document discusses digital recording systems and number systems. It describes the components of a digital recording system including geophones, a multiplexer, capacitor, amplifier, A/D converter, formatter, and digital recorder that records seismic signals onto magnetic tape as binary data. It also covers octal, hexadecimal, binary, and decimal number systems and how to convert between them. Some advantages of digital recording systems are that they are time saving, portable, use only binary numbers, and can store large amounts of data on tape. Disadvantages include potential data overlap, corruption, and inconsistent formats.

1. Digital Recording System & Number systems

2. Submitted by:
Muhammad Junaid Younis
Hafiz Zohaib Tariq
Muhammad Umair
Saqlain Abbas
Zaheer-ul-Din Babar
Submitted to:
Mam Aqsa Malik

3. Introduction
Components of Digital recording system
Octal Number system
Hexa Number system
Binary & Decimal number
Magnetic Tape
Procedure of recording the seismic signals
Properties of Digital recording system
Disadvantage of Digital recording system

4. Process of recording the seismic waves in Digital form.
It developed in 1963.
It based on binary numbers(0,1).

5. Multiplexer:
It is high speed switch.
It connect to each geophone signal and forwed it.
It forwed the signals.
Capacitor:
It charge by the incoming signals.
Amplifier:
It enhance the signals.
A/D converter:
It has different combination of standard voltages.
It provide the exact voltages combination according to signals.
Formatter:
Voltage pulses are converted into control signals.
These signals activate the Recorder.
Digital recorder:
It record the signals and paste on the magnetic tape.

6. There are following number systems :
Octal number system
Hexa number system
Binary number system

7. The base of the octal number system
is 8 which is 2^3
i.e 2^3=8
Octal Binary
0 000
1 001
2 010
3 011
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111

8. (452)8
4 5 2
100 101 010
=(100101010)2

9. The base of the hexa decimal
number system is 16 which is 2^4
i.e 2^4=16
The base of the hexa decimal
number system is 16 which is 2^4
i.e 2^4=16
Hexa Binary
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
6 0110
7 0111
Hexa Binary
8 1000
9 1001
10 1010
11 1011
12 1100
13 1101
14 1110
15 1111

10. For example :-
(3AC)16
3 A C
0011 1010 1100
=(1110101100)2

11. The binary numbers are 0,1
The decimal number is 245
2 245
2 122-1
2 61-0
2 30-1
2 15-0
2 7-1
2 3-1
1-1
245=11110101
Conversion of decimal into Binary number

12. Magnetic Tape
• It is a medium for magnetic recording ,
made of a thin magnetizable coating on a
long, narrow strip of plastic film.
•It was developed in Germany, based
on magnetic wire recording.
•Devices that record and play back audio
and video using magnetic tape aretape
recorders and video tape recorders.
• A device that stores computer data on
magnetic tape is a tape drive.

13. Bit
Word
Word
Byte
1. Its width is 1/2 – 1 inch.
2. One square is called Bit.
3. Single row of Bit is called Byte.

14. Digital recording system(Figure)
::
Geophone
Seismic cable
Multiplexer
A/D Converter
Formatter
Digital tape recorder
Digital tape

15. Multiplexer:
It is high speed switch.
It connect to each geophone signal and forwed it.
It forwed the signals.
Capacitor:
It charge by the incoming signals.
Amplifier:
It enhance the signals.
A/D converter:
It has different combination of standard voltages.
It provide the exact voltages combination according to signals.
Formatter:
Voltage pulses are converted into control signals.
These signals activate the Recorder.
Digital recorder:
It record the signals and paste on the magnetic tape.

16. 1. It is time save process
2. Its components easy to transport
3. It comprise only binary numbers(0,1)
4. It stored the maximum data on magnetic tape

17. Disadvantage of Digital recording system
 The overlapping or mix up data provide.
 These systems have poor multi users interfaces.
 Data can become corrupted.
 Confusing array of formats and recording systems.

18. Seismic digital recording Process

19. Any Question