You may benefited by this slideshow as knowing about the short overview about Synchronous Counters and it's applications. I trying to describe about the topic my simple and easy way. Feel free to ask me any question about this topic. I'll try to help you by my best.

1. Presented By
Name- Sonya Akter Rupa
ID- 315161009
Batch- 8th
Semester- 5th
Department of CSE
Email- sonyarupa321@gmail.com
Hamdard University Bangladesh
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa
Presentation on
Synchronous Counter

2. Outline
What is counter?
Types of Counters
Why we need counter?
Synchronous Counter & Circuit
How to Design a Synchronous Counter
4-bit Synchronous Binary Counter
Binary Up-Down Counter
Application of Synchronous Counter
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 2

3. What is counter?
A counter is a device which stores and sometimes
displays the number of times a
particular event or process has occurred, often in
relationship to a clock signal.
A counter is a functional unit with a finite number
of states each of which represents a number that can
be, upon receipt of an appropriate signal, increased
by unity or by a given constant.
This device is usually capable of bringing the
represented number to a specified value such as
zero.
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 3

4. Types of Counters
Counters are categorized as:
Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters- the flip-
flop output serves as a source for triggering
other flip-flops.
Synchronous Counters- the input pulses are
applied to all clock pulse inputs of all flip-
flops. The change of a particular flip-flop is
dependent CP on the present state of other
flip-flops.
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 4

5. Why we need counter?
In a digital circuit, counters are used to do three main
functions:
I. Timing
II. Sequencing
III. Counting
A timing problem might require that a high frequency pulse
train, such as the output of a 10MHz crystal oscillator, be
divided to produce a pulse train of a much lower frequency,
say 1Hz. This application is required to build a precision
digital clock.
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 5

6. Why we need counter? (cont.)
A sequencing problem would arise if for instance, it
become necessary to apply power to various
components of a large machine in a specific order. The
starting of a rocket motor is an example of sequencing
work or field.
Measuring the flow of auto traffic on roadway is an
application in which an event must increment a tally.
This can be done automatically with an electronic
counter triggered by a photocell or road sensor. In this
way, the total number of vehicles passing a certain
point can be counted.
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 6

7. Synchronous Counter & Circuit
In synchronous counter, the external event
used to produce a pulse that is synchronized
with the internal clock.
In synchronous logic circuit, an electronic
oscillator generates a repetitive series of
equally spaced pulses called the clock signal.
The clock signal is applied to all the memory
elements in the circuit, called flip-flops.
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 7

8. How to Design a Synchronous Counter
i. Determine desired number of bits and desired counting
sequence.
ii. Draw the state transition diagram showing all possible states.
iii. Use the diagram to create a table listing all PRESENT states
and their NEXT states.
iv. Add a column for each JK input. Indicate the level required at
each J and K in order to produce transition to the NEXT state.
v. Design the logic circuits to generate levels required at each JK
input.
vi. Implement the final expressions.
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 8

9. 4-bit Synchronous Binary
Counter
The CP terminals of all flip-
flops are connected to a
common clock-pulse source.
The first stage A0 has its J and
K equal to 1 if the counter is
enabled.
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10. Binary Up-Down Counter
When the up input control is 1, the
circuit counts up, since the T inputs
are determined from the previous
values of the normal outputs in Q.
When the down input control is 1,
the circuit counts down, since the
complement outputs Q’ determine
the states of the T inputs.
When both the up and down signal
are 0’s, the register does not change
state but remains in the same count.
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 10

11. Application of Synchronous Counter
Synchronous counters are used in lots of designs like Real Time Clock, Processors
and so on. The simple application of time counting can be listing as follows:
i. Alarm clock
ii. Set an AC timer
iii. Set a timer for taking picture in camera
iv. Flashing indicator lights of our vehicle
Some serious applications can be as follows:
i. Counting the time allotted for a “Process” by the scheduler
ii. Counters can be used as clock dividers too
We can find their use in common kitchen application as like Microwave Oven and
Washing Machines also.
Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa 11

12. Counter Applications
Car Parking Control
The counter controls the gate
activation for lowering and rising the
gate depending on the number of parked
cars
Each car enters the parking will ascend
the counter by one “up”
Each car exists the parking will
descend the counter by one “down”
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13. Car Parking Control
Entrance Sensor
Exit Sensor
UP
Down
Interface
Gate Activation
Display
Lower/Rise
Available / Full
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14. Reference Books & Websites
Digital Logic Design by Morris Mano
Digital Logic Design by Brain Holdsworth
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/counter_(digital)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous-circuit
www.quora.com/the-application-of-
synchronous-counter
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15. Thursday, August 3, 2017 Prepered By Sonya Akter Rupa