Digital Art History.1
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The document summarizes the history and development of digital art from the 1960s to the present. It discusses early pioneers and artworks created with mainframe computers and plotters. Key developments included the emergence of computer graphics in the 1960s, early exhibitions of digital art in the late 1960s, and expanded use of video and color in the early 1970s. The document outlines the evolution of digital art forms and platforms, from mainframes to personal computing and mobile devices. It provides examples of influential digital artworks from different historical periods and their connections to prior art movements.
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Digital Art History.1
- 1. University of Jyväskylä Feburary 18, 19 2013 TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES
- 2. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 What is digital art exactly? How is it currently defined? How has it been defined? Where did it come from? How has its focus and output changed over time? How is it positioned in contemporary culture?
- 3. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Digital art is a general term for a range of artistic works and practices that use digital technology as an essential part of the creative and/or presentation process. Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process including computer art and multimedia art, and digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art. -- Wikipedia Entry
- 4. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Art game Computer art scene Computer music Cyberarts Digital illustration Digital imaging Digital painting Digital photography Digital poetry Dynamic Painting Electronic music Evolutionary art Fractal art Generative art Generative music Generative art Generative music Immersion (virtual reality) Interactive art Motion graphics Music visualization Photo manipulation Pixel art Render art Software art Systems art Textures Tradigital art Via Art Types of Digital Art
- 5. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 mainframe personal computing mobile devices PLATFORMS WWW ARPANET to INTERNET
- 6. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 PREHISTORY (The Swingin’ Sixties) (AND A HALF THE SEVENTIES)
- 7. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 1
- 8. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 INVENTIONS 1963 MOUSE (Englebart) BEFLIX (Knowlton) VIDEO DISK 1962 SKETCHPAD (Sutherland) SPACEWAR. First Computer Game LED 1972 WORDPROCESSOER (WordStar) ODYSSEY GAME CONSULE (Magnavox) 1964 RAND TABLET MOOG SYNTHESIZER 1969 UNIX BARCODE SCANNER 1968 DYNABOOK RAM (Robert Dennard) FIRST COMPUTER WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ARPANET 1960 LASER 1965 COMPACT DISK 1970 FLOPPY DISK 1971 DOT-MATRIX PRINTER LCD VIDEO CASSETTE MICROPROCESSOR 1973 ETHERNET XEROX ALTO (PC) 1975 LASER PRINTER
- 9. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 EXHIBITIONS 1971 MANFRED MOHR. Musee d'Art Moderne, Paris. 1965 GENERATIVE COMPUTERGRAFIK. Stuttgart. COMPUTER-GENERATED PICTURES. New York COMPUTERGRAFIK. Stuttgart. 1968 CYBERNETIC SERENDIPITY. London. SOME MORE BEGINNINGS. New York.
- 10. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 ARTISTS 1965 FRIEDER NAKE 1963 MICHAEL NOLL LILLIAN SCHWARTZ 1969 MANFRED MOHR 1965 JOHN WHITNEY 1968 CHARLES CSURI GEORGE NEES TONY PRITCHETT 1975 HERBERT FRANKE 1971 EDWARD ZAJEC 1973 MARK WILSON 1974 VERA MOLNAR
- 11. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 PREHISTORY GRAPHICS & MOTION GRAPHICS
- 12. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 1962: SKETCHPAD (Ivan Sutherland) DEMO COMUTER GRAPHICS (Hardware/Software) Features: pop-up menus constraint-based drawing hierarchical modeling lightpen utilized for interaction
- 13. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 1962: SKETCHPAD (Ivan Sutherland) CAD WACOM TOUCHSCREENS COMUTER GRAPHICS (Hardware/Software) Features: pop-up menus constraint-based drawing hierarchical modeling lightpen utilized for interaction
- 14. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 1962: SKETCHPAD (Ivan Sutherland) CAD WACOM TOUCHSCREENS TELEAUTOGRAPH 1883
- 15. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 1963: BEFLIX (Kenneth Knowlton) DEMO COMPUTER ANIMATION (Programming Language) Features: Draw straight lines from dots Draw curves Copy region Move region Solid fill area Zoom area
- 16. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 1963: BEFLIX (Kenneth Knowlton) VIDEO PIXILLATION 1963 Lillian Schwartz / Kenneth Knowlton
- 17. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT ARTIST + ENGINEER BELL LABORATORIES USA MOTION GRAPHICS, SOFTWARE/HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT MATHEMATICIANS ACADEMIC COMPUTER SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN STUTTGART GERMANY PLOTTER AND GENERATIVE WORK
- 18. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 ECHOES Plotter Art and Previous Art Movements
- 19. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Ninety Parallel Sinusoids With Linearly Increasing Period Michael Noll 1963
- 20. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Ninety Parallel Sinusoids With Linearly Increasing Period Michael Noll 1963 CURRENT Bridget Riley 1963 (OP-ART)
- 21. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Vertical-Horizontal No. 3 Michael Noll 1964 NUDE DESCENDING A STAIRCASE Marcel Duchamp 1913 (Cubism)
- 22. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Computer-Generated Random Patterns Based on the Composition Criteria Of Mondrian's Composition With Lines Michael Noll 1964 COMPOSITION WITH LINES Piet Mondrian 1917 (De Stijl)
- 23. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Nr. 7 Frieder Nake 1965 Nr. 2 Frieder Nake 1965
- 24. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Nr. 2 Frieder Nake 1965 The Rose Garden Paul Klee 1920
- 25. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Nr. 2 Frieder Nake 1965 The Rose Garden Paul Klee 1920
- 26. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Random War Charles Csuri 1968
- 27. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Random War Charles Csuri 1968 Andy Warhol 1962, 1965
- 28. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Cubic Disarray Georg Nees 1968
- 29. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Cubic Disarray Georg Nees 1968 Still Life with Harp and Violin George Braque 1911
- 30. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 MAKING IT MOVE Computation and Early Motion Graphics
- 31. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Flexipede Tony Pritchett 1968
- 32. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Flexipede Tony Pritchett 1968
- 33. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Permutations John Whitney 1966 PROCESS
- 34. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 GOING INTERNATIONAL First High Profile Exhibition or The (Late) Summer of (Cyber)Love
- 35. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Cybernetic Serendipity ICA, London 1968 • computer generated work • cybernetic devices-robots and painting machines • machines demonstrating the use of computers and the history of cybernetics.
- 36. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Cybernetic Serendipity ICA, London 1968 • computer generated work • cybernetic devices-robots and painting machines • machines demonstrating the use of computers and the history of cybernetics.
- 37. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Cybernetic Serendipity ICA, London 1968
- 38. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 POST-SERENDIPITY Algorithms, Color, and Access to Video
- 39. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Scratch Codes Manfred Mohr 1969-1970
- 40. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Scratch Codes Manfred Mohr 1969-1970
- 41. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Scratch Codes Manfred Mohr 1969-1970
- 42. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 TVC Edward Zajec 1971
- 43. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Transformations Vera Molnar 1974
- 44. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Colorraster 75 Herbert Franke 1975
- 45. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Colorraster 75 Herbert Franke 1975
- 46. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Untitled Gray Ground Mark Wilson 1973
- 47. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 Untitled Gray Ground Mark Wilson 1973
- 48. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 ? MARK WILSON HERBERT FRANKE
- 49. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 MICROPROCESSOR MARK WILSON HERBERT FRANKE
- 50. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 ? MICROPROCESSOR MARK WILSON HERBERT FRANKE
- 51. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 MICROPROCESSOR GLITCH ART MARK WILSON HERBERT FRANKE
- 52. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 ATTITUDES Can you dig it?
- 53. TALAN MEMMOTT PhD Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sweden DIGITAL ART HISTORIES.1 The Artist and the Computer Lillian Schwartz (interview) 1976
Editor's Notes
- To form any history, we need to know what the object, the subject is… For this talk I have tried to tie creative practices to computation… or computational outcomes to the art world. If we are going to consider the roots of digital art…. We should at least have some idea what art is to begin with… that proposition is problematic, in so far as art has meant different things at different historical moments, to different critics, movements and practitioners…. So, lets use a source to simplify…
- Though this may seem clear enough… let’s see what happens when we consider movements and practices… Digital Art has been called all of the following…
- Each of these having a specific for of development and output. So, despite an attempt a t simplifying… we end up with various complex models of practice… Perhaps then…
- We can address platforms. How could this help???
- Active time period in terms of the invention of technologies that are still in use, or were intitated… the mouse, ethernet, the internet… RAM, gaming consules, the word processor…
- PREDICTS: CAD, TUCHSCREENS, THE WACOM PAD…. BUT….. IF WE CONSIDER THE NOTION OF COLLECTIONING HAND GESTURES…. THE CONCEPT IS NOT NEW… AND CAN BE TRACED BACK TO…
- ELISHA GRAY’S TELEAUTOGRAPH, WHICH WAS INVENTED IN 1883… THE THE TECHNOLOGY IS ELECTRO-MECHANICAL, THE INTENT IS SOMEWHAT THE SAME… WITH, THE ADDED FEATURE OF BEING ABLE TO TRANSFER THE GESTURE ACROSS A NETWORK…
- Taking advantages of how the plotter operates… In that it actually draws… unlike a printer, which scans… so, in plotter works the lines are in fact lines.
- Replication.
- Replication. And variation… the same cubic shape, slightly altered through computation and then reapplied. Redundant and decaying form…. And since these shapes have something to do with cubic space, with space… and that the process is analytical we could connect this work, aesthetically and proceduarally with…
- Analytical cubism … Braque and Picasson…
- Essentially, a loop…. The flexipede pulls in new units, extending itself, until the drop off the edge…
- Not so much computer animation so much as computer assisted. The process is still rather mechanical
- Though there had been smaller shows in Germany and Czechoslovakia, this was the first international show to draw major attention.
- Despite the cutting edge and high brow intentions of the curators… the show itself was somewhat goofy… Norman Toynton---- playing with the idea of computerized spirituality, and sort of dystopic dehumanization or loss of soul. Timeliness! And the untimely…
- Robots, installation work, film and animation, and music…. Artists such as John Cage, Nam June Paik, Gordon Pask…. To name a few… SAM …. Sound Activated Mobile… early example of truly responsive, interactive art. Attracted over 60,000 people…
- Lagorithmically determined graphemes… that mimic handwriting… the algorithms are based on onbservation of handwriting patterns, paying attention to individual characters and the transition from one to the next.
- Much more sophisticated system than the early plotter works, though still technically produced in the same manner… The intent here is not only graphic…
- But also linguistic… To a certain extent mirrors some work in visual poetry or concrete poetry… these TEXTS, if we want to call them that, could potentially be read.
- In TVC, the main subject of invention is no longer the design of visual modules, but of procedural ones. The focus is no longer on the geometry of projection, but on the grammatical rules that delimit the possible combinations of the constituent elements.
- Advent of color inkjet printers…
- Advent of color inkjet printers…
- Actually a painting, based on a plotter image…
- Actually a painting, based on a plotter image…
- Actually a painting, based on a plotter image…
- Actually a painting, based on a plotter image…
- Actually a painting, based on a plotter image…
- Actually a painting, based on a plotter image…