Keynote lecture on the Cross Country/Faculty Workshop on Digital Humanities: Prospects and Proposals, North-West University Potchefstroomkampus, South-Africa, 13 November 2013
In this workshop we will discuss the use of technology in the work of the humanities, also known as Digital Humanities (DH). We will discuss how faculty can us DH to archive historical documents, as well as how DH might be used to motivate students with different learning styles. For technologists, you will learn the tools many people are using to implement DH projects, and how you can help faculty think about historical data in the context of a DH project.
Digital Humanities is a term that elicits both excitement and scorn in scholarly circles, and there is still a great deal of discussion as to whether it is a field of inquiry, a set of research methods, or simply a new perspective on arts and humanities research. This workshop will provide a brief survey of how the evolving theory and practice of using contemporary technology and technology-assisted research methods are impacting scholarship in the arts and humanities.
What is Digital Humanities?
What do we do under DH?
1. Digital Archives
Let us have introduction to a few projects
2. Computational Humanities
a. Using digital technology for analysis of literary text - research concerns
b. Using DT in teaching & learning - pedagogical concerns
c. Generative Literature
3. Multimodal Critique
The fundamentals of Humanities - Critical Inquiry
Digital Humanities: Role of Librarians and Libraries. The use of digital evidence & methods digital authoring, publishing, digital curation and preservation, digital use and reuse of scholarship.
This ppt is mainly for library professionals and digital humanities cohorts
In this workshop we will discuss the use of technology in the work of the humanities, also known as Digital Humanities (DH). We will discuss how faculty can us DH to archive historical documents, as well as how DH might be used to motivate students with different learning styles. For technologists, you will learn the tools many people are using to implement DH projects, and how you can help faculty think about historical data in the context of a DH project.
Digital Humanities is a term that elicits both excitement and scorn in scholarly circles, and there is still a great deal of discussion as to whether it is a field of inquiry, a set of research methods, or simply a new perspective on arts and humanities research. This workshop will provide a brief survey of how the evolving theory and practice of using contemporary technology and technology-assisted research methods are impacting scholarship in the arts and humanities.
What is Digital Humanities?
What do we do under DH?
1. Digital Archives
Let us have introduction to a few projects
2. Computational Humanities
a. Using digital technology for analysis of literary text - research concerns
b. Using DT in teaching & learning - pedagogical concerns
c. Generative Literature
3. Multimodal Critique
The fundamentals of Humanities - Critical Inquiry
Digital Humanities: Role of Librarians and Libraries. The use of digital evidence & methods digital authoring, publishing, digital curation and preservation, digital use and reuse of scholarship.
This ppt is mainly for library professionals and digital humanities cohorts
ABSTRACT : A digital is an organized collection of electronic resources. Digital library is a very complex and dynamic entity. It has brought phenomenal change in information collection, preservation and dissemination scene of the world. It is complex entity because it completely based on ICT systems. A distinction is often made between content that was created in a digital format, known as born-digital, and information that has been converted from a physical medium, e.g. paper, by digitizing. It should also be noted that not all electronic content is in digital data format. The term hybrid library is sometimes used for libraries that have both physical collections and electronic collections for example: American Memory is a digital library within the Library of Congress.
This is a general interest talk on how we can use artificial intelligence (specifically machine learning) to screen literature in support of systematic reviews for chemical risk assessment.
In this talk I go over some of the challenges in using machine learning to screen the literature, how we tend to approach this type of challenge (using term frequency-inverse document frequency) and several caveats. Also included is a brief introduction to undersampling, oversampling, and bagging to try to prevent challenges posed by imbalanced data.
Objectives The objectives of the webinar are to:
• introduce AI in libraries
• describe the IDEA Institute on AI and its contribution to providing professional, innovative training in AI to library and other information professionals
• understand challenges and opportunities in implementing AI in libraries based on real-world experiences of the first cohort of Institute Fellows
• consider equity, diversity, inclusion and accessibility issues, and ethical questions, in AI implementation.
Speakers
Prof. Dr. Dania Bilal
Professor, School of Information Sciences at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, TN.
Researcher, scholar and educator in Human Information Behavior, Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), User Experience and Design (UXD), Human–AI Interaction, and Information Science Theory.
Research focus is on user information interaction and behavior (children, teenagers and adults) with information systems, products and interfaces; and on user-centered design for better user engagement and experiences.
Principal Investigator and co-developer, IDEA Institute on Artificial Intelligence.
Clara M. Chu
Director and Mortenson Distinguished Professor, Mortenson Center for International Library Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL.
• Expert in developing appropriate and strategic solutions to deliver equitable and relevant library services in culturally diverse and dynamic libraries.
• Studies the information needs of culturally diverse communities in a globalized and technological society.
• Co-developer, IDEA Institute on Artificial Intelligence.
- the application of the skills of electronic publishing and its mechanisms from the beginning and until the arrival of the source to the target groups.2 - briefing programs used for electronic publishing and the ability to evaluate to determine the most appropriate for the target.3 - the ability to know the areas that should be employed in electronic publishing, media type appropriate for that.
Posthumanism: Lecture for FOAR 701: 'Research Paradigms'Greg Downey
Lecture slides for FOAR701: 'Research Paradigms' on 'Posthumanism,' based in readings in cultural studies for Masters of Research course. Topics including posthumanism, transhumanism, inter-species relations, cyborg theory, and relevance for social and cultural theory.
AI Lab at a Library? Why Artificial Intelligence Matters & What Libraries Can DoBohyun Kim
A talk given at the American Libraries Association Annual Conference, June 25, 2018 by Bohyun Kim, Chief Technology Officer, University of Rhode Island Libraries.
I claim that none of the commonly used embedding methods capture any semantics.
It's fine if you want to move from a symbolic to a numeric or geometric representation, but when you do, don't throw the semantic baby out with the symbolic bathwater.
I argue that a useful definition of semantics is "predictable inference". This makes it possible to have semantics outside a logical framework.
A methodological warning from 1976: don't fool yourself that wishful mnemonics in your knowledge graph are "semantics". Therefore, knowledge graphs without a schema/ontology is just a data graph, without much semantics.
Finally, a discussion of some embedding methods that do manage to take semantics into account (TransOWL, ball embeddings like ELEm and EmEL++, and box embeddings like BoxEL and Box^2EL.
So: even if you do move to a non-symbolic representation (numerical, geometric), make sure you keep the semantics: don't throw the semantic baby out with the symbolic bathwater.
ABSTRACT : A digital is an organized collection of electronic resources. Digital library is a very complex and dynamic entity. It has brought phenomenal change in information collection, preservation and dissemination scene of the world. It is complex entity because it completely based on ICT systems. A distinction is often made between content that was created in a digital format, known as born-digital, and information that has been converted from a physical medium, e.g. paper, by digitizing. It should also be noted that not all electronic content is in digital data format. The term hybrid library is sometimes used for libraries that have both physical collections and electronic collections for example: American Memory is a digital library within the Library of Congress.
This is a general interest talk on how we can use artificial intelligence (specifically machine learning) to screen literature in support of systematic reviews for chemical risk assessment.
In this talk I go over some of the challenges in using machine learning to screen the literature, how we tend to approach this type of challenge (using term frequency-inverse document frequency) and several caveats. Also included is a brief introduction to undersampling, oversampling, and bagging to try to prevent challenges posed by imbalanced data.
Objectives The objectives of the webinar are to:
• introduce AI in libraries
• describe the IDEA Institute on AI and its contribution to providing professional, innovative training in AI to library and other information professionals
• understand challenges and opportunities in implementing AI in libraries based on real-world experiences of the first cohort of Institute Fellows
• consider equity, diversity, inclusion and accessibility issues, and ethical questions, in AI implementation.
Speakers
Prof. Dr. Dania Bilal
Professor, School of Information Sciences at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, TN.
Researcher, scholar and educator in Human Information Behavior, Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), User Experience and Design (UXD), Human–AI Interaction, and Information Science Theory.
Research focus is on user information interaction and behavior (children, teenagers and adults) with information systems, products and interfaces; and on user-centered design for better user engagement and experiences.
Principal Investigator and co-developer, IDEA Institute on Artificial Intelligence.
Clara M. Chu
Director and Mortenson Distinguished Professor, Mortenson Center for International Library Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL.
• Expert in developing appropriate and strategic solutions to deliver equitable and relevant library services in culturally diverse and dynamic libraries.
• Studies the information needs of culturally diverse communities in a globalized and technological society.
• Co-developer, IDEA Institute on Artificial Intelligence.
- the application of the skills of electronic publishing and its mechanisms from the beginning and until the arrival of the source to the target groups.2 - briefing programs used for electronic publishing and the ability to evaluate to determine the most appropriate for the target.3 - the ability to know the areas that should be employed in electronic publishing, media type appropriate for that.
Posthumanism: Lecture for FOAR 701: 'Research Paradigms'Greg Downey
Lecture slides for FOAR701: 'Research Paradigms' on 'Posthumanism,' based in readings in cultural studies for Masters of Research course. Topics including posthumanism, transhumanism, inter-species relations, cyborg theory, and relevance for social and cultural theory.
AI Lab at a Library? Why Artificial Intelligence Matters & What Libraries Can DoBohyun Kim
A talk given at the American Libraries Association Annual Conference, June 25, 2018 by Bohyun Kim, Chief Technology Officer, University of Rhode Island Libraries.
I claim that none of the commonly used embedding methods capture any semantics.
It's fine if you want to move from a symbolic to a numeric or geometric representation, but when you do, don't throw the semantic baby out with the symbolic bathwater.
I argue that a useful definition of semantics is "predictable inference". This makes it possible to have semantics outside a logical framework.
A methodological warning from 1976: don't fool yourself that wishful mnemonics in your knowledge graph are "semantics". Therefore, knowledge graphs without a schema/ontology is just a data graph, without much semantics.
Finally, a discussion of some embedding methods that do manage to take semantics into account (TransOWL, ball embeddings like ELEm and EmEL++, and box embeddings like BoxEL and Box^2EL.
So: even if you do move to a non-symbolic representation (numerical, geometric), make sure you keep the semantics: don't throw the semantic baby out with the symbolic bathwater.
Digital Humanities as Innovation: ‘constant revolution’ or ‘moving to the su...Andrea Scharnhorst
Andrea Scharnhorst & Sally Wyatt
Paper given at the "New Trends in eHumanities" Research Meeting of the eHumanities group, 4 June 2015
Digital Humanities as Innovation: ‘constant revolution’ or ‘moving to the suburbs’?
Todd Presner, ‘Comparative Literature in the Age of Digital Humanities: On Po...Asari Bhavyang
Todd Presner, ‘Comparative Literature in the Age of Digital Humanities: On Possible Futures for a Discipline’ in Ali Behdad and Thomas eds. A Companion to Comparative Literature’ 2011, 193- 207
Bex lecture 5 - digitisation and the museumBex Lewis
Lecture given on Thursday 6th May to first years on History module "Creating and Consuming History", encouraging them to think about the possibilities of digitisation in museums (the heritage sector/historical research), and the benefits and otherwise of some of the tools currently available.
Share Copy: Arts and Humanities DH Presentation October 2016Jennifer Dellner
Lightning talk given to colleagues in the School of Arts and Humanities, October 2016. Quick run through various aspects of digital humanities, e-lit, OER. Presentation notes likely to be useful.
Comparative Literature in the Age of Digital Humanities _ On Possible Future ...Hina Parmar
1.The changes brought about by new communication technologies are as profound and sweeping as the invention of print and the discovery of the New World. We are in a major transitional moment in history.
2. These technologies have both liberatory potential through democratizing information, but also a dangerous capacity for control and violence. There is an inescapable dialectical tension.
3. Humanists must involve themselves in debates about digital culture and technology to ensure corporate interests do not dominate these spaces and our cultural legacy.
4. We need new critical methods and conceptual understandings to grapple with digital texts and culture, which transform assumptions about mediation, authorship, discourse, etc.
5. The article puts forth comparative media studies, data studies, and authorship/platform studies as three avenues for a future comparative literature adapted to the digital age.
6. Models like Wikipedia illustrate the power of open, collaborative knowledge production. Institutions like universities need to think about how to integrate these models into learning.
a brief history of (product) design
my involvement in human-centered design
history and key concepts of cybernetics
criticality
current algorithmizations
facing current algorithmizations
uncritical cybernetics
criticality cybernetics
uncritical design
critical design
critically intervening in the ecology of artifacts
some propositions of a design discourse to face complex systems responsibly
RSD10 Keynote. Dr Klaus Krippendorff suggests that designers become critical of what their work supports and cognizant of and accountable for the systemic consequences of their designs.
Workshop 1
Gender, Education and New Technologies: Assessing the evidence
Led by Michael Peters
Workshop 2
Girls, Social Media & Social Networking: Harnessing the talent
Led by Tina Besley
Doing the Digital: How Scholars Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the ComputerAndrew Prescott
Slides from keynote presentation to Social Media Knowledge Exchange meeting on Scholarly Communication in the 21st Century, University of Cambridge, 4 June 2015. Examines my changing relationship to scholarly communication, current pressures and drivers, and likely future trends.
The Impact of Special Issues on Journal ManagementEdward Vanhoutte
Publishing special or thematic issues may both leave a positive and a negative impact on scholarly journals. In this talk, Edward Vanhoutte, Editor-in-Chief of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities [DSH], a Oxford University Press Journal, outlines the opportunities and risks of publishing thematic issues.
Editing Correspondence with TEI [3 changes to opt out]Edward Vanhoutte
Presentation on the scholarly editing of letters [correspondence material] using DALF [Digital Archive of Letters in Flanders], a customization of TEI.
A Bag of Words. Social Perspectives on Scholarly Editing - paper @ Social, Di...Edward Vanhoutte
The text has long been the nucleus of scholarly editing which, in their print or digital products, serves two goals: establishing the best possible text for transmission and making sure it reaches as many people as possible. This transmissional and communcative function of the scholarly edition is joined by a third one when digital and social editing is applied: engaging. Not the authoritative fixed text of the scholary edition, but the social proces of textual interaction by its participants becomes the centre of social digital editing. This social function challenges the activities of experimental modelling, and reshapes the edition in a multifunctional and multidisciplinary bag of words to be explored by students and scholars.
Being Practical. Electronic editions of Flemish literary texts and documents ...Edward Vanhoutte
These are the slides of my lecture at the International Workshop on Electronic Editing (9-11 February 2012) in the School of Cultural Texts and Records at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. The text of the lecture is published online on my blog http://edwardvanhoutte.blogspot.com/
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
The World of Digital Humanities : Digital Humanities in the World
1. The World of Digital Humanities:
Digital Humanities in the world
Edward Vanhoutte
Royal Academy of Dutch Language & Literature
University College London Centre for Digital Humanities
LLC: The Journal of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (OUP)
edward.vanhoutte@kantl.be
@evanhoutte
Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals – 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom
2. OUTLINE
The World of Digital Humanities
What are the/is Digital Humanities?
● History
● Humanities Computing
● Digital Humanities
●
Digital Humanities in the World
Reality check
● Centres | publications | resources
● Research/Projects
●
3. The World of Digital Humanities
Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals – 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom
4. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Willard McCarty [2003]
'This, for the humanities, is a question not to
be answered but continually to be
explored and refined'
5. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Willard McCarty [2003]
'This, for the humanities, is a question not to
be answered but continually to be
explored and refined'
→ Day of Digital Humanities [2009-present]
6. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Day of DH [2009-present]
A social publication project that began with
reflection on what we do as we do it
2014: 8 April 2014 @DayofDH
7. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Day of DH [2009-present]
A social publication project that began with
reflection on what we do as we do it
ca 300 participants worldwide
●
Blogging: Day in the life of a DH
●
Q: What is Digital Humanities?
●
→ Differing & Contradictory views
9. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Definitions of DH
1. The application of technology to the humanities
2. Working with digital media or a in a digital environment
3. Digital Humanities = Humanities done digitally
4. Transition moment towards future Humanities
5. Big Tent
6. Method & community
7. Collaboration/Interdisciplinarity
8. Using digital & studying digital
Cf. also Gibbs 2012
<http://fredgibbs.net/digital-humanities-definitionsby-type/>
10. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
The application of technology to
the humanities
The application of computational methods to research and
teaching in the humanities.
—John Unsworth
The theorizing, developing and application of/on computational techniques
to humanities subjects.
—Edward Vanhoutte
Digital ↔ Analog/Traditional Humanities
→ How much / How innovative technology?
11. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Working with digital media or in a
digital environment
Anything a Humanities scholar does that is mediated digitally, especially
when such mediation opens discussion beyond a small circle of academic
specialists.
—David Wacks
The performance of humanities related activities in, through and with
digital media.
—Christopher Long
Digital ↔ Analog/Print communication
→ I made a website / I use Twitter
12. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Digital Humanities = Humanities
done digitally
We don’t distinguish digital sociology or digital astronomy, so why digital
humanities? Just because computers are involved doesn’t mean the basic
nature of the subject area is any different than it has been traditionally.
—Philip R. “Pib” Burns
Digital Humanities is, increasingly, just Humanities—as far as I’m
concerned. New tools lead to new methodologies, new perspectives, and new
questions that all humanists should be aware of and concerned with.
—Benjamin Albritton
→ The computer as a tool
13. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Transition moment towards future
Humanities
Digital Humanities are the first step towards Future Humanities.
—Davor
A name that marks a moment of transition; the current name for
humanities inquiry driven by or dependent on computers or digitally born
objects of study; a temporary epithet for what will eventually be called
merely Humanities.
—Mark/Marino
→ Fleeting nature of difference / Transition
14. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Big Tent
DH is an umbrella term that, depending on who you are
talking to, covers a huge territory: everything from applied text analysis
and corpus stylistics to the more esoteric and theoretical realms of video
game criticism.
—Matthew Jockers
→ The computer as a tool
15. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Methodology & Community
The digital humanities is a name claimed by a community of those
interested in digital methodologies and/or content in the humanities.
—Rebecca Davis
A broad church – but a common hymn sheet.
—Anno Ici
To me, DH is about making connections between people, ideas, and fields; the
creative production of new ideas, questions, analyses, and technology; and
engagement with a community that extends beyond academia.
—Ashley Wiersma
16. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Collaboration/Interdisciplinarity
I think Digital Humanities is a kind of ‘fast-acting glue’ that allows
scholars with different academic backgrounds to collaborate instantly.
—Mitsuyuki Inaba, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
What sets Digital Humanities apart, for me, is its genuine
interdisciplinarity, its permanent emergence, and its open communication.
—Christof Schöch
The great opportunity to burn down academic walls.
—Enrica Salvatori
17. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Using digital & studying digital
I see ‘Digital Humanities’ as an umbrella term for two different but
related developments: 1) Humanities Computing (the specialist use of
computing technology to undertake Humanities research) and 2) the
implications for the Humanities of the social revolution created by
ubiquitous computing and online access. Since the late noughties the latter
seems to have become the driving force in DH with responsibility for much
of the ‘boom’ in public interest and funding.
—Leif Isaksen
→ Humanities Computing ↔ DH
18. DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Humanities Computing
The practice of using computing
for and in the humanities
from the early 1950s tot 2004
→ Lexical Text Analysis
→ Literary & Linguistic Computing
Digital Humanities
Became prominent name of the field in
2004
19. History
Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
Again, it [the operating mechanism, EV] might act upon other
things besides number, were objects found whose mutual
fundamental relations could be expressed by those of the
abstract science of operations, and which should be also
susceptible of adaptations to the action of the operating
notation and mechanism of the engine. Supposing, for
instance, that the fundamental relations of pitched sounds in
the science of harmony and of musical composition were
susceptible of such expression and adaptations, the engine
might compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of
any degree of complexity or extent. (Lovelace, 1961 [1843],
p. 248-249)
20. History
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)
Construction started 1943
● Ballistic research during WWII
● Operational in 1946
●
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
First binary stored program computer
● Ballistic research during WWII
● Operational in 1951
●
23. History
Machine Translation
The application of computers to the translation
of texts from one natural language into another
Arguments
Pragmatic & social: communication
● Academic & political: collaboration / peace
● Military: knowing what the enemy knows
● Economical: selling a good product
●
24. History
Andrew D. Booth (1918-2009)
A concluding example, of possible application
of electronic computer, is that of translating
from one language into another. We have
considered this problem in some detail, and it
aspires that a machine of the type envisaged
could perform this function without any
modification in its design.
[12 February 1948]
26. History
Machine Translation
1946: Discussions Weaver – Booth
1948: Memorandum by Booth
1949: 'Translation' by Weaver
1952: International Conference on MT
1953: 'Automatic Digital Calculators' by Booth & Booth
1954: Demonstration at IBM headquarters
1954: PhD on MT by Anthony Oettinger
1954: Journal 'Mechanical Translation'
1955-1966: Organisation of the field
1962: Association for MT and Computational
Linguistics
1966: ALPAC report
27. History
ALPAC report [1966]
Funding should be provided for:
●
The improvement of translation by developing
machine aids for human translators
●
For Computational Linguistics
28. History
Machine Translation
Concordances
● Frequency lists
● Lemmatizations
●
Lexical Text Analysis
Concordances / Glossaries
● Authorship attribution
● Stylistic studies
● Relative chronology
● Fragment problems – papyri
● Tape library
[Michael Levison, 1967]
●
29. History
Roberto Busa (1913-2011)
Index Thomisticus
Lemmatized concordance of all the words in
the complete works of Thomas Aquinas.
→ Commercial accounting machines (IBM)
30. History
Michael Levison (? - ?)
Computerized Concordance to the Revised
Standard Version of the Bible
→ Magnetic tape technology UNIVAC (RAND)
31. History
Up to the publication of the infamous ALPAC
report in 1966, Computational Linguistics and
Lexical Text Analysis were not separated fields,
and used statistical analysis for the creation of
indexes, concordances, corpora, and dictionaries.
But from then onwards, Computational Linguistics
embraced the symbolic approach and abandoned
statistical analysis which has been at the heart of
Humanities Computing.
32. History
Literary & Linguistic Computing
Computing in/for the Humanities
●
●
1965: Computers for the humanities? [IBM]
1967: Computers in Humanistic Research.
Readings and Perspectives.
→ anthropology, archaeology, history, political
sciences, language, literature, and musicology.
33. History
Literary & Linguistic Computing
Computing in/for the Humanities
1964: Literary and Linguistic Computing Centre
(LLCC) - Cambridge
● 1966: CHum
● 1970: ICLLC
● 1973: ALLC
● 1973: ALLC Bulletin
● 1973: ALLC/ICCH
● 1978: ACH
● 1980: ALLC Journal
● 1986: Literary & Linguistic Computing
34. History
Literary & Linguistic Computing
Computing in/for the Humanities
Europe: focus on literary and linguistic studies of
language in literary form
America: broader interest in computer-based
studies of language in literary and non-literary form
35. History
Literary & Linguistic Computing
Computing in/for the Humanities
1980
Susan Hockey: A Guide to
Computer Applications in the
Humanities
Robert Oakman: Computer Methods
for Literary Research
36. History
'Humanities Computing'
1966: Heller & Logemann: activity
● 1968: 'Humanities Computing Activities in Italy'
● 1974: 'the future of humanities computing'
● 1980's: term was widespread
● 1988 & 1991: Humanities Computing Yearbook
● 1991-1996: Research in Humanities Computing
●
37. Humanities Computing
Humanities Computing – McCarty
Computing for the Humanities
→ lack of modelling
→ Instrumental
●
Computing in the Humanities
→ importance of modelling
→ Methodological
●
38. Humanities Computing
Modelling
The heuristic process of constructing and
manipulationg models
Model
Denotative: a representation of something
● Exemplary: a design for realising something new
●
39. Humanities Computing
Modelling – Purpose
is never to establish the truth directly
but it ‘is to achieve failure so as to raise and point
the question of how we know what we know’
(McCarty, 1999b), ‘what we do not know,’ and ‘to
give us what we do not yet have’ (McCarty 2004,
p. 255).
40. Humanities Computing
Modelling // Computer Science
HC: starts from the modelling of ‘imperfectly
articulated knowledge’ (McCarty, 2005, p. 194),
and works its way up through further steps of
computational modelling till it reaches the stage of
a deeper understanding of the world.
CS (and programming in particular): starts
from a real world problem and travels down to its
implementation in hardware.
41. Humanities Computing
Method of HC
≠ Formalisation
Heuristics: the study of interpretation that
confers value on cultural objects
Text Encoding: use of markup for the
articulation and documentation of different
semiotic systems in text
→ Empirical Modelling
42. Humanities Computing
Text Encoding Initiative [TEI]
Principles:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Platform-independent
Software-independent
Endurability
Re-usability
Accessibility
Language-independent
For all of the Humanities disciplines
→ SGML ISO 8879:1996 → XML
46. Digital Humanities
Popularization
● Socialization
→ Trivialization?
●
The popular qualification ‘digital’ only relates to
the technological (instrumental?) element of
computation without using jargon language such
as ‘computer’, ‘computing’ or ‘computational’.
47. Digital Humanities
Humanities Computing:
●
more hermetic term
●
clearer purview:
●
relates to the crossroads where informatics and
information science meet with the humanities
●
had a history built on LTA & MT
Digital Humanities:
●
does not refer to such a specialized activity,
●
provides a big tent for all digital scholarship in the
humanities.
48. Digital Humanities
Patrik Svensson [DHQ]
Humanities Computing ≠ Digital Humanities
There are many scholars involved in what may be
called digital humanities who have no or little
knowledge of humanities computing, and vice
versa, many humanities computing
representatives who do not engage much with
current 'new media' studies of matters such as
platform studies, transmedia perspectives or
database aesthetics.
49. Digital Humanities
Rafael Alvarado
Instead of a definition, we have a genealogy, a
network of family resemblances among provisional
schools of thought, methodological interests, and
preferred tools, a history of people who have
chosen to call themselves digital humanists and
who in the process of trying to define the term are
creating that definition.
→ Social Category
50. Digital Humanities
Matthew Kirschenbaum
At a moment when the academy in general and the humanities in
particular are the object of massive and wrenching changes, digital
humanities emerges as a rare vector for jujitsu, simultaneously
serving to position the humanities at the very forefront of certain
valueladen agendas—entrepreneurship, openness and public
engagement, future-oriented thinking, collaboration,
interdisciplinarity, big data, industry tie-ins, and distance or
distributed education—while at the same time allowing for various
forms of intra-institutional mobility as new courses are mooted, new
colleagues are hired, new resources are allotted, and old resources
are reallocated.
55. Digital Humanities
Tries to model the surrounding world in order to
reach at a better understading of humans, their
activities and what they produce.
61. Organizations
ADHO: Alliance of Digital Humanities
Organizations <http://www.digitalhumanities.org>
EADH: European Association for Digital Humanities
<http://www.eadh.org – http://www.allc.org>
● ACH: Association for Computers and the Humanities
<http://www.ach.org>
● CSDH/SCHN: Canadian Society for Digital Humanities
<http://csdh-schn.org/>
● AaDH: Australasian Association for Digital Humanities
<http://aa-dh.org/>
● JADH: Japanese Association for Digital Humanities
<http://www.jadh.org/>
● CenterNet
<http://digitalhumanities.org/centernet/>
●
79. Online communities
Decentralised and international community interested in the
application of innovative digital methods and technologies to
research on the ancient world.
<http://www.digitalclassicist.org/>
88. Research & Projects
Male: 70%
Female writers adopting
male style
Female: 80%
Elliot
Kipling / James / Trollope
/ Hardy
89. Research & Projects
Iris Murdoch: died with Alzheimers
Agatha Christie: suspected of
having died with Alzheimers
P.D. James: aged healthily
Signs of dementia can be found in
diachronic analyses of patients'
writings and lead to new
understanding of the work of the
individual authors whom we studied
91. Research & Projects
Not more than two-dozen ancient
individuals living from around
2200 BC to 421 AD authored the
Book of Mormon [1830]
But
Five 19th century authors:
Solomon Spalding
● Sidney Rigdon
● Oliver Cowdery
●
95. The World of Digital Humanities:
Digital Humanities in the world
Edward Vanhoutte
Royal Academy of Dutch Language & Literature
University College London Centre for Digital Humanities
LLC: The Journal of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (OUP)
edward.vanhoutte@kantl.be
@evanhoutte
Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals – 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom