diffuse eyelid diseases
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This document discusses various diffuse eyelid diseases categorized into allergic, infectious, and miscellaneous causes. Allergic causes include acute edema from insect bites or urticaria/angioedema, contact dermatitis from topical medications, and atopic dermatitis which is associated with asthma/hay fever. Infectious causes involve preseptal cellulitis from skin trauma/insects, herpes simplex presenting as vesicles/crusting, herpes zoster ophthalmicus with painful vesicles/pustules, and impetigo/erysipelas/necrotizing fasciitis caused by Staph/Strep bacteria. Miscellaneous causes include blepharochalasis with
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1) Dermatitis and eczema refer to inflammation of the skin that can have chronic stages and be caused by endogenous or exogenous factors. Atopic eczema is a chronic pruritic skin condition with a hereditary predisposition that often begins in infancy.
2) Atopic eczema is caused by an immune system imbalance and dysregulation, characterized by elevated IgE levels and cytokine abnormalities. Family history of atopy is present in many cases.
3) Treatment involves identifying triggers, using emollients and topical corticosteroids, managing allergy and infection, and escalating to immunomodulators or systemic therapy if needed. Other conditions discussed include contact dermatitis
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This document discusses Herpes simplex keratitis, which is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It outlines the different types of herpetic eye disease including epithelial keratitis, disciform keratitis, necrotizing stromal keratitis, and neurotrophic ulceration. Epithelial keratitis presents with redness, photophobia, and a linear-branching ulcer. Disciform keratitis causes blurred vision and stromal edema. Necrotizing stromal keratitis results in stromal necrosis and melting. Neurotrophic ulceration is caused by corneal anesthesia. Treatment involves antiviral medications like acyclovir as well as steroids. Long term antiviral pro
skin infections bacterial.pptx
Bacterial skin infections like impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, and carbuncles are commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Impetigo typically presents as non-bullous or bullous lesions that rupture, forming crusts. Folliculitis is a superficial infection of hair follicles. Furuncles (boils) are deeper hair follicle infections that become pustular and necrotic. Carbuncles involve groups of contiguous follicles and surrounding tissues. Treatment involves antibiotics, good hygiene, and addressing predisposing skin or medical conditions.
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Bacterial cutaneous infection DERMATOLOGY REVISION NOTES
LEPROSY
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LEPROSY REVISION NOTES FOR NEET PG AIIMS PREPARATION
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Viral keratitis
This document discusses viral keratitis, specifically herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. It describes that HSV is a common cause of corneal blindness. HSV can cause a variety of ocular manifestations including dendritic ulcers, geographic ulcers, neurotrophic keratitis, stromal keratitis, and endothelitis. Treatment involves topical antiviral medications like acyclovir. Recurrent infections may lead to complications such as stromal scarring.
Atopic dermatitis
1. Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of dermatitis, which is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease that varies in severity. It primarily causes intense itching.
2. The pathogenesis is multifactorial involving genetic predisposition, skin barrier dysfunction, and immune abnormalities.
3. Treatment focuses on managing flares with topical corticosteroids and infections, while remission involves long-term emollient use and trigger avoidance.
Cutaneous Infections of skin disease management
Impetigo is a common, highly contagious bacterial skin infection that primarily affects children. It is caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Non-bullous impetigo presents as vesicles or pustules surrounded by erythema, while bullous impetigo features flaccid bullae without surrounding erythema. Both are usually treated with oral antibiotics like erythromycin. Tinea cruris is a fungal infection of the groin caused by dermatophytes like Trichophyton rubrum. It presents as well-demarcated erythematous scaly plaques and is diagnosed by microscopy of skin scrapings in potassium hydroxide.
ROSACEA.pptx
This document provides information on rosacea, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Rosacea commonly affects fair-skinned individuals between 30-50 years of age and is characterized by prolonged flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and phymatous changes. Its exact cause is unknown but may involve factors such as genetics, microbes like Demodex folliculorum, innate immune system alterations, and environmental triggers. Treatment involves avoiding triggers, photoprotection, topical medications, oral antibiotics or isotretinoin, and procedures for advanced cases.
Session 6: Ch 8 PowerPoint Presentation
This document provides an overview of various skin diseases and disorders, including:
- Psoriasis, characterized by chronic pink or red lesions with silvery scaling. Genetic and autoimmune factors may play a role. Symptoms include thick flaky scaling and pruritus.
- Acne vulgaris, an inflammatory disease of hair follicles causing comedos, papules and pustules. Hormonal changes and stress can precipitate outbreaks. Treatment focuses on reducing bacterial infection and inflammation.
- Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory condition causing erythema and pustule formation on the face. Symptoms include flushing of the cheeks, forehead and chin. Treatment includes topical cre
Atopic dermatitis1
The document discusses atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema. It defines AD as a pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry skin and itchy rashes. AD is common in childhood and often runs in families with other allergic diseases. The pathogenesis involves genetic predisposition, skin barrier defects, and abnormal immune responses. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the stage of life, from facial rashes in infants to thickened plaques on flexural areas in older patients. Treatment focuses on moisturizing the skin, identifying trigger factors, and using topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors to control symptoms.
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Bacterial cutaneous infection DERMATOLOGY REVISION NOTES
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diffuse eyelid diseases
- 1. DIFFUSE EYELID DISEASE 1. Allergic • Acute oedema • Contact dermatitis • Atopic dermatitis • Blepharochalasis 2. Infections • Preseptal cellulitis • Herpes simplex • Herpes zoster ophthalmicus • Impetigo • Erysipelas • Necrotizing fasciitis 3. Miscellaneous • Fat herniation • Systemic causes
- 2. Acute allergic oedema • Causes - insect bites, urticaria and angioedema • Unilateral or bilateral • Painless, red, pitting oedema • Chemosis may be present • Self-limiting
- 3. Contact dermatitis • Sensitivity to topical medication • Unilateral or bilateral • Painless oedema and erythema • Vesiculation and crusting • Thickening if chronic
- 4. Atopic dermatitis • Associated with asthma and hay fever • Chronic itching and scratching Facial - in young children Flexural - knees, elbows, wrists and ankles
- 5. Ocular associations of atopic dermatitis Angular blepharitis Vernal disease in children Thickening, crusting and fissuring Staph. blepharitis
- 6. Ocular associations of atopic dermatitis Keratoconus Keratoconjunctivitis Shield - like cataract Retinal detachment
- 7. Blepharochalasis • Uncommon, usually bilateral • Starts at about puberty • Recurrent, non-pitting oedema • Usually upper eyelids • Resolves after few days • Complications - wrinkled, thin skin and aponeurotic ptosis
- 8. Preseptal cellulitis Causes • Skin trauma or insect bites of lids or eyebrows • Spread from local infection • Upper respiratory or ear infection Signs • Usually unilateral • Tender and red • Periorbital oedema Treatment - systemic antibiotics
- 9. Herpes simplex Signs • Crops of small vesicles • Rupture and crust • Heal without scarring after 7 days Complications • Follicular conjunctivitis • Keratitis Treatment - topical antivirals
- 10. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus • Crusting ulceration Treatment - oral antivirals • Painful vesicles and pustules • Periorbital oedema - may be bilateral
- 11. Impetigo • Infection with Staph. or Strep. • Initially small vesicles and bullae • Later golden-yellow crusting Treatment - topical and systemic antibiotics
- 12. Erysipelas • Staph. infection through site of minor trauma • Acute spreading cellulitis • Well-defined, red, tender subcutaneous plaque Treatment - antibiotics
- 13. Necrotizing fasciitis • Skin gangrene caused by Staph. or Strep. • Affects elderly or debilitated • May cause bilateral lid necrosis Treatment - surgical debridement and systemic antibiotics
- 14. Fat herniation • Age-related, usually bilateral • Pockets of fat herniating into upper lids, especially medially Treatment - blepharoplasty
- 15. Systemic causes of lid oedema • Myxoedema • Renal disease • Congestive heart failure • Obstruction of superior vena cava • Fabry disease