Early Programming Logic Control (PLC) were designed to replace relay logic systems. These PLCs were
programmed in “Ladder Logic”, which strongly resembles a schematic diagram of relay logic.
Programming logic control has several features like protection from the open area conditions such dust,
heat and cold. PLC also has the ability to arrangement the inputs/outputs. It has low cost compared with
microcontroller systems because using PLC in different applications only required to change the software
for each application but in case of using microcontroller the hardware components itself must be changed
with different applications.
Two important applications for programming logic control and also an engineering solution to save the
human life are explained in this paper, one application is a robot used as a toxic chemical substances
spraying, and the other application is a robot used for washing the faces glasses of skyscrapers. These
mobile robots used PLC as a controlled tool for its motion and liquid flow rate also.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The main objective of this paper is to design and develop an automatic vehicle, fully controlled by a
computer system. The vehicle designed in the present work can move in a pre-determined path and work
automatically without the need of any human operator and it also controlled by human operator. Such a
vehicle is capable of performing wide variety of difficult tasks in space research, domestic, scientific and
industrial fields. For this purpose, an IBM compatible PC with Pentium microprocessor has been used
which performed the function of the system controller. Its parallel printer port has been used as data
communication port to interface the vehicle. A suitable software program has been developed for the
system controller to send commands to the vehicle.
Learn what PLC Programming is, how it differs from computer programming, and how PLC programming is used in the industry, specifically how we use it at Innovative Automation.
Filling is a task carried out by machine that packages cold drinks and water. It also includes volume selection menu through which user can input the desired volume to be filled in bottle.The filling operation is carried out by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Because PLC is cost effective, very flexible, reduce complexity, space efficient. By programming PLC we can control entire system Arun Kumar.M | H. Prasanna Kumar"Automatic Bottle Filling System Using PLC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5953.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/5953/automatic-bottle-filling-system-using-plc/arun-kumarm
Get certified training on PLC-SCADA-Motor Drive at reasonable price with high end technology.For more details visit here-http://www.aeab.in/PLC-Scada-automation-motor-drive-training.php
visit: www.techbed.blogspot.com
Microprocessors and Assembly Language Programming
Topics:
Overview & Objectives of the Course
Introduction to Microprocessors
Presentation given on 10/22/14 for Penn Foster's Professional Development Fair. Creating Early Math Games that Work! Describing early math research about linear board games, subitizing and the approximate number system, and spatial learning.
The main objective of this paper is to design and develop an automatic vehicle, fully controlled by a
computer system. The vehicle designed in the present work can move in a pre-determined path and work
automatically without the need of any human operator and it also controlled by human operator. Such a
vehicle is capable of performing wide variety of difficult tasks in space research, domestic, scientific and
industrial fields. For this purpose, an IBM compatible PC with Pentium microprocessor has been used
which performed the function of the system controller. Its parallel printer port has been used as data
communication port to interface the vehicle. A suitable software program has been developed for the
system controller to send commands to the vehicle.
Learn what PLC Programming is, how it differs from computer programming, and how PLC programming is used in the industry, specifically how we use it at Innovative Automation.
Filling is a task carried out by machine that packages cold drinks and water. It also includes volume selection menu through which user can input the desired volume to be filled in bottle.The filling operation is carried out by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Because PLC is cost effective, very flexible, reduce complexity, space efficient. By programming PLC we can control entire system Arun Kumar.M | H. Prasanna Kumar"Automatic Bottle Filling System Using PLC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5953.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/5953/automatic-bottle-filling-system-using-plc/arun-kumarm
Get certified training on PLC-SCADA-Motor Drive at reasonable price with high end technology.For more details visit here-http://www.aeab.in/PLC-Scada-automation-motor-drive-training.php
visit: www.techbed.blogspot.com
Microprocessors and Assembly Language Programming
Topics:
Overview & Objectives of the Course
Introduction to Microprocessors
Presentation given on 10/22/14 for Penn Foster's Professional Development Fair. Creating Early Math Games that Work! Describing early math research about linear board games, subitizing and the approximate number system, and spatial learning.
Puzzle Games - Math Games, Logic Games, Puzzles and Brain Teasers. Abhilash Menon
Mind blowing puzzle games to exercise your brain. Win-Win math games. If you win, you gain confidence, if you loose, you learn new tricks from our detailed solution.
Increase your problem solving skills, analytic thinking, vocabulary and much more.
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math-360 is a web based (#onlinemath) learning, practice and assessment program for students in grades 1 through 10.
math-360 (#math360usa) can be used as: a) an after school (#afterschool) program, b) the primary curriculum for home-schooled students (#homeschool), c) a remedial (#mathremedy) program for those students who need extra help to keep pace with their school curriculum.
#afterschool,#homeschool,#math360usa,#mathremedy,#onlinemath
MATH Lesson Plan sample for demo teaching preyaleandrina
This is my first made lesson plan ...
i thought before that its hard to make lesson plan but being just resourceful and with the help of different methods and strategies in teaching we can have our guide for highly and better teaching instruction:)..
Simulation and Implementation of PLC Based for Detecting Burned Potato Chips ...ijtsrd
This paper describes about to use the PLC techniques for automation of industrial product manufacturing to achieve high throughput and improved quality and consistency. In this system, PLC is used the heart of the system. Light dependent sensor, push button switch, light source, conveyor and blower is controlled by PLC. The proposed system of operation is devised by ladder diagram. Software implementation is used for demonstrating the ease of operation with this control along with tuning of the entire system is offered. This paper presents a study by simulation and experimental models for proposed system of PLCs. In this paper, consideration was given to the design of an HMI for an automated burn chips removed from conveyor which can be operated automatically by the press of start buttons. The design stages included screen interfacing for the HMI, programming the HMI by assigning tags, integration into Step 7 brand of PLC using Ethernet, simulation of the program using "PLCSIM" and the programming codes of the automated burn chips. The designed HMI will be useful to manufacturing industries having industrial automated systems. Htet Htet Aung | Thu Zar Thein "Simulation and Implementation of PLC Based for Detecting Burned Potato Chips and Remove using PLCSIM and HMI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26724.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26724/simulation-and-implementation-of-plc-based-for-detecting-burned-potato-chips-and-remove-using-plcsim-and-hmi/htet-htet-aung
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Training report prepared on PLC on CNC at BHEL,Hyderabad. It have sufficient slides to know the basics about PLC on CNC and working of that with coding. It was worth learning on BHEL.
Communication between PLC different vendors using OPC server improved with ap...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Many industries often use different devices and controllers in automation systems. They all face the same difficulty how to exchange data between all those components. This paper proposed the implementation of OPC Server as software interface on communication between two different controllers, PLC Mitsubishi and PLC Omron. The main advantage of the method is the compatibility and solution for the factory difficulty problem because of using several driver controller. The compatibility among the different platforms of both controller, PLC Mitsubishi and PLC Omron, can be reached by use of KEPServerEx6 (OPC server) as a software interface. To test the compatibility amongst two different controllers, there was developed and implemented two field application devices, bottle unscramble and bottle filling station. This implementation shows OPC Server technology resolving data compatibility issues between different platforms and reducing development costs. It is envisaged that the method can be very useful to realize integration.
India has many no of renewable energy resources. In that Biomass Gasifier plays a major role as an alternate energy
source. But it facing lot of practical problems on operation due to shortage of manpower and also several problems may
happen in these gasifiers. To overcome the above problems we go for automatic control systems in this gasifier. Therefore we
can neglect the human efforts, errors and operators of the gasifier won’t get affected by the out coming gases from the
gasifiers due to this automation. The gasifier itself works according to the program which we have given. Automation is done
in the miscellaneous function, fuel feeding system and all biomass gasifier control system by using PLC (Programmable Logic
Controller). And then we develop the ladder logic program for sequence of operation in gasifier control system. In this system
the ladder logic function is programmed by using INDRALOGIC software and the hardware component of PLC is Rexroth
Bosch product.
Keywords: Programmable logic controller (PLC), Biomass gasifier, Indralogic.
Building Cultural Awareness through EmotionPresented By Team .docxhartrobert670
Building Cultural Awareness through Emotion
Presented By: Team A
Psy450 - Diversity and
Cultural Factors
in Psychology
9/21/15
Stefanie Krasner
Introduction
Make Effective Presentations
Using Awesome Backgrounds
Engage your Audience
Capture Audience Attention
Understanding Chinese Culture
Make Effective Presentations
Using Awesome Backgrounds
Engage your Audience
Capture Audience Attention
The Human Being and Emotion
Product A
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
Product B
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
The Human Being and Emotion
Make Effective Presentations
Using Awesome Backgrounds
Engage your Audience
Capture Audience Attention
Universality of Emotion
Product A
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
Product B
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
Universality of Emotion
Make Effective Presentations
Using Awesome Backgrounds
Engage your Audience
Capture Audience Attention
Cultural Difference in Emotion
Product A
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
Product B
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
Cultural Differences in Emotion
Make Effective Presentations
Using Awesome Backgrounds
Engage your Audience
Capture Audience Attention
Cultural Awareness and Effective Communications
Product A
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
Product B
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
Cultural Awareness and Effective Communications
Make Effective Presentations
Using Awesome Backgrounds
Engage your Audience
Capture Audience Attention
Conclusion
Product A
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
Product B
Feature 1
Feature 2
Feature 3
References
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013). Culture and psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
References
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013). Culture and psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
References
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013). Culture and psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Ch 3 PLCs and Processing I/O 1
Chapter 3 PLCs and Processing I/O
Introduction
After an introduction of PLCs in chapter one, various characteristics of the PLC need to be
discussed. The purpose now is to discuss what parts constitute a modern PLC and how these
parts interface. The topology of a PLC system is also discussed as to how PLCs are distributed
in a manufacturing environment to best control a process efficiently.
Since each is electronic and operates using one or more microprocessors, a 5 volt power supply
and CPU (central processing unit) are the core of the PLC. Included in the CPU is a computer
with memory and communications hardware to communicate to a programming panel, the I/O,
and to a network which is either peer-to-peer or a multimode network.
Many PLC vendors divide the work of the PLC between multiple microprocessors with
coordination handled by a master microprocessor. One processor may be assigned to handle the
I/O. Another may handle the networking and communication to the pro ...
Summer Internship Report For PLC Programming of Traffic light through Ladder ...Aman Gupta
For free download Subscribe to https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTfiZ8qwZ_8_vTjxeCB037w and Follow https://www.instagram.com/fitrit_2405/ then please contact +91-9045839849 over WhatsApp.
An industrial PLCs system is used for the development of the controls of machinery. This paper describes the PLCs systems in terms of their architecture, their interface to the process hardware, the functionality and the application development facilities they provide. Some attention is also paid to the industrial standards to which they abide their planned evolution as well as the potential benefits of their use. Ladder Logic is a graphical programming language, initially programmed with simple contacts that simulates the opening and closing of relays. Ladder Logic programming has been expanded to include functions such as Counters, Timers, shift Registers and math operations. Ladder logic is a method of drawing electrical logic schematics. It is now a graphical language very popular for programming Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It was originally invented to describe logic made from relays. The name is based on the observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with two vertical "rails" and a series of horizontal "rungs" between them.
Automatic Irrigation System Project ReportEr Gupta
The objective of this project is to provide a combination of manual supervision and partial automation and is similar to manual set up in most respects but it reduces the labour involved in terms of Irrigation design is simple , easy to install, microcontroller based circuit to monitor and record the values of temperature, soil moisture that are continuously modified and controlled in order optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Different applications of programmable logic controller (plc)
1. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol. 4,No. 1, February 2014
DOI : 10.5121/ijcseit.2014.4103 27
DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER (PLC)
By, Maha M. Lashin
Mechanical Engineering Department, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Banha University,
Egypt.
ABSTRACT
Early Programming Logic Control (PLC) were designed to replace relay logic systems. These PLCs were
programmed in “Ladder Logic”, which strongly resembles a schematic diagram of relay logic.
Programming logic control has several features like protection from the open area conditions such dust,
heat and cold. PLC also has the ability to arrangement the inputs/outputs. It has low cost compared with
microcontroller systems because using PLC in different applications only required to change the software
for each application but in case of using microcontroller the hardware components itself must be changed
with different applications.
Two important applications for programming logic control and also an engineering solution to save the
human life are explained in this paper, one application is a robot used as a toxic chemical substances
spraying, and the other application is a robot used for washing the faces glasses of skyscrapers. These
mobile robots used PLC as a controlled tool for its motion and liquid flow rate also.
KEYWORDS:
PLC-Features- Application of PLCs- mobile robot.
1. INTRODUCTION
PLC is a special form of microprocessor- based controller. It includes a programmable memory to
store instructions and to implement functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and
arithmetic as shown in figure1. In order to control machines and processes, PLC is designed to be
operated by engineers even by a limited knowledge of computers and computing languages [1]. It
has a great advantage of changing the PLC Ladder Diagram after it had been built or worked,
which gives the facility of using the same PLC unit for controlling different systems after erasing
it each time.
Fig.1: Programmable Logic Controller
2. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol. 4,No. 1, February 2014
28
PLCs could be considered as special computers for industrial use. It does not affected by
vibrations, temperature, humidity and noise which mean that it is an open area controller. It could
be easily programmed by using a simple programming language which is primarily concerned
with logic and switching operations. PLCs contain a hardware and software systems which used
for single Input/Output or multi Inputs/Outputs modular systems. PLCs are also used for analog
or digital controller systems.
2. PROGRAMMING LOGIC CONTROL STRUCTURE
The structure of PLC consisted of two systems, hardware and software systems.
2.1 PLCs Hardware
Typically a PLC system has the basic functional components of processor unit, memory, power
supply unit, input/output interface section, communications interface and the programming device
as explained in [6]. Figure 2 shows the basic arrangement of the PLC hardware components. Also
the main task of each component can descriptively as shown in [6] following;
Fig.2: The PLC System
1. Stored the program to interpret the input signals and communicate between this inputs and the
output decisions to carries out the control actions done in central processing unit (CPU).
2. The power supply convert AC voltage to DC voltage necessary for the processor and the
circuits in the input and output interface modules.
3. The program enters into the memory of the processor by using the programming device and
then transferred to the memory unit of the PLC.
4. The program is stored in the memory unit to be used for the control actions to exercised by the
microprocessor and data stored from the input for processing and for the output for outputting.
5. The input and output sections are where the processor receives information from external
devices and communicates information to external devices.
6. finally the communications interface is used to receive and transmit data by means of
communication networks from or to other remote PLCs.
3. PROGRAMMING PLCs
Programming devices as in [3] can be a hand-held device, a desktop console or a computer. The
program has been designed on the programming device and then transferred to the memory unit
of the PLC.
I. Hand-held programming devices will normally contain enough memory to allow the unit to
retain programs.
II. Desktop consoles are likely to have a visual display unit with a full keyboard and screen
display.
3. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol. 4,No. 1, February 2014
29
III. Personal computers are widely configured as program development work-stations.
4. PLC SOFTWARE PREPARATION
As explain in [5] the PLC program is executed as a part of repetitive process referred to as a scan.
PLC scan starts with the CPU reading the status of inputs. Then the application program is
executed using the status of the inputs. Finally when the program is completed, the CPU performs
internal diagnostics and communication tasks. Scan cycle ends by updating the outputs, and then
starts over. Scan cycle time depends on the size of the program, the number of Inputs/Outputs,
and the amount of communication required. Also the control program is built of things called
instructions .The instructions are little computer codes that make the inputs and outputs do what
the programming want to get the result’s need. There are many types of PLC program such as
Function Block Diagram (FBD), Statement List (STL), and Ladder Logic Diagram (LAD). LAD
is the most famous PLC programming language used. Ladder logic diagram uses components like
elements used in a line diagram format to describe hard-wired control. The left vertical line of a
LAD represents the power conductor. The output element represents the return path of the circuit.
5. AREA OF PLC’s APPLICATIONS
PLC represents such a universal controller. It can be used as shown in [1] for different
applications and via the program installed in its memory, provides the user with a simple means
of changing, extending and optimizing control processes. The original PLC’s tasks are involving
the interconnection of input signals according to a specified program and if “true” switch the
corresponding output. Boolean algebra as explain in [2] forms the mathematical basis for this
operation, which recognizes precisely two defined statuses of one variable "0"and "1” and so the
output can only assume these two statuses. Timer and counter functions, memory setting and
resetting, mathematical computing operations all represent functions, which can be executed by
practically any of PLCs. Programming Logic Control using as explained [4] for industrial fields
like automatic machines, cars, and robots.
The applications of PLC discussed here are the toxic chemical substances spraying robot and the
other is glass-washing robot. PLC used to control the movement of robots, and the flow rate
(quantity and time) of different liquids which are used in this robot.
6. TOXIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES SPRAYING ROBOT
This robot presents solution to the save human health hazards as a result of spraying potentially
toxic chemicals in the agriculture field. This is a mobile robot with four wheels to withstand the
factors in the farmland or any other places. The robot consists of four systems as shown in
Figure3.
Fig.3: Spraying Robot
4. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol. 4,No. 1, February 2014
30
The first is the responsible of the rear wheel drive called the driving system like the drive in car;
it forms the gearing system, geared motor and the shaft. The second is the steering system used it.
The pumping system used to pump the chemical fluid from the tank into the spraying place. It
consists of tank, pump, arm mechanism and nozzle that used in the spraying process. The fourth
is the control system represented by PLC used to make the program in which the user orders the
robot to do the required tasks. The PLC unit which had been used is a DVP14SS11R2 Delta type
with 8 inputs/Outputs. When the on/off button is switched on the robot’s drive motor starts
working and the robot starts to move forward in straight line for three seconds. The second step
starts when the orders come from PLC unit to make the motors of robot’s wheels steering to the
right direction with 45 angle degree in three seconds. At this position the robot stopped moving
and began spraying liquid process for five seconds. After this process has finished the robot’s
wheels goes back to its origin direction with 45 angle degrees in three seconds. The robots repeat
the process in the left direction. After this process has finished the robot’s wheels goes back to its
origin direction with 45 angle degrees in three seconds, so the robot start to move forward again
in straight line for three seconds. It is clear that the complete cycle takes 25 seconds as shown in
figure 4.
Fig.4: Timing Cycle Diagram of Spray Robot
All the above steps are repeated until the line’s end of the agriculture’s field. Figure 5 show the
Ladder diagram of the PLC unit which represents the movement robot’s steps.
Fig.5: The PLC Ladder Diagram for Spraying Robot
5. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol. 4,No. 1, February 2014
31
7. SKYSCRAPERS’S GLASS WASHING ROBOT
This robot used for washing the external glass windows of any building. The robot consists of
two cars as shown in Figure 6, the first car for the horizontal movement and the second car for
vertical movement. The vertical movement car’s consists of four motors which are: brushes
motor, water pump motor, soap motor and driers motor. The first three motors are working
simultaneously and the fourth one has a delay time after them. The car of horizontal motion
consists of two motors, one motor for horizontal direction movement, and the other for carrying
the car which move in the vertical direction. The horizontal car move at the top edge of the
building in forward direction and also carry the vertical car which is responsible for washing
process to make it move from up to down for cleaning the windows of the building.
Fig.6: Washing Glass Robot
The robot begins its motion from the roof top of the building by use PLC unit type GE-Fanuc
with 9 Input/Outputs. The robot movement begins when the PLC unit’s switch turn on then the
vertical car starts at the top of the building. The motors of brushes, water pump and drier starts to
work. Also the motor which is responsible for moving this car from up to down begins to work.
The duration period for vertical motion (from up to down) takes 28 seconds. Followed by five
seconds for vertical motion (from down to up). In order to start the second cycle the horizontal
car moves horizontal five seconds, so it is clear that the complete cycle takes 38 seconds. All the
above steps are repeated until the building face’s windows finished. Skyscraper’s glass washing
robot has been tested on 2x1.5 m glass window. It takes eight cycles on 4.5 min to complete
cleaning process. Figure 7 show the ladder diagram for the movements of the glass whishing
robot.
6. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol. 4,No. 1, February 2014
32
Fig.7: Ladder Diagram of Glass whishing Robot
8. CONCLUSION
In this paper the concept of Programmable logic controllers and its application has discussed.
PLC applications are typically highly customized systems so the cost of a packaged PLC is low
compared to the cost of a specific custom-built controller design. Ladder Diagram programming
method used for PLCs units which used in these two applications Two applications had been
introduced PLC as a new application of this control system in the spraying’s robot and glass
washing robot gave a good results. PLC most easier and safe control system for industrial
applications like robot.
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