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1. GGS collage of modern technology kharar
A
TRAINING REPORT ON
PLC SCADA AND AUTOMATION
SUBMITTED TO
MR. MANOJ MISHRA
SUBMITTED BY
MD QUTUBUDDIN
B.Tech (EE) 8th
Semester

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INDEX
Serial No. Caption Page No.
1 Acknowledgement 3
2 Introduction to automation 6
3 Advantage/Disadvantage 8
4 Limitation of automation 9
5 PLC 10
6 Architecture of PLC 12
7 Ladder Diagram 14
8 Programming by Ladder Diagram 15
9 Programming and Operation in PLC 25
10 Application of PLC 30
11 SCADA 31
12 SCADA Software 33
13 Architecture 34
14 INTOUCH SCADA Software 38
15 Application of SCADA 44
16 Conclusion 47

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel profound happiness in forwarding this industrial training
report as an image of sincere efforts. It is almost inevitable to
ensure indebtedness to all who generously helped by sharing their
valuable experience & devoting their precious time with us,
without whom this seminar report would have never been
accomplished.

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INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION
Automation is the use of control systems such as computers to
control industrial machinery and process, reducing the need for
human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation
is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization
provided human operators with machinery to assist them with
physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the
need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
Processes and systems can also be automated.
Automation Impacts:
1. It increases productivity and reduce cost.
2. It gives emphasis on flexibility and convertibility of
manufacturing process. Hence gives manufacturers the ability
to easily switch from manufacturing products.
3. Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality
in the manufacturing process, where automation can increase
quality substantially.
4. Increase the consistency of output.
5. Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments.
Advantages of Automation:
1. Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard
physical or monotonous work.
2. Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size,
weight, endurance etc.
3. Economy improvement: Automation may improve in
economy of enterprises, society or most of humanity.

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Disadvantages of Automation:
1. Technology limits: Current technology is unable to automate
all the desired tasks.
2. Unpredictable development costs: The research and
development cost of automating a process may exceed the cost
saved by the automation itself.
3. High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant
requires a huge initial investment in comparison with the unit
cost of the product.
Applications
 Automated video surveillance:
Automated video surveillance monitors people and vehicles
in real time within a busy environment. Existing automated
surveillance systems are based on the environment they are
primarily designed to observe, i.e., indoor, outdoor or
airborne, the amount of sensors that the automated system
can handle and the mobility of sensor, i.e., stationary camera
vs. mobile camera. The purpose of a surveillance system is to
record properties and trajectories of objects in a given area,
generate warnings or notify designated authority in case of
occurrence of particular events.
 Automated manufacturing:
Automated manufacturing refers to the application of
automation to produce things in the factory way. Most of the

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advantages of the automation technology has its influence in
the manufacture processes.
The main advantages of automated manufacturing are higher
consistency and quality, reduced lead times, simplified
production, reduced handling, improved work flow, and
increased worker morale when a good implementation of the
automation is made.
 Home automation:
Home automation designates an emerging practice of
increased automation of household appliances and features
in residential dwellings, particularly through electronic
means that allow for things impracticable, overly expensive
or simply not possible recent past decades.
 Industrial automation:
Industrial automation deals with the optimization of
energyefficient drive systems by precise measurement and
control technologies. Nowadays energy efficiency in
industrial processes are becoming more and more relevant.
Semiconductor companies like Infineon Technologies are
offering 8-bit microcontroller applications for example found
in motor controls, general purpose pumps, fans, and ebikes to
reduce energy consumption and thus increase efficiency.
Limitations to automation:
Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks.
As a process becomes increasingly automated, there is less and
less labour to be saved or quality improvement to be gained.

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This is an example of both diminishing returns and the logistic
function.
Similar to the above, as more and more processes become
automated, there are fewer remaining non-automated
processes. This is an example of exhaustion of opportunities.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
HISTORY OF PLC:
In the 1960'sProgrammable Logic Controllers were first developed
to replace relays and relay control systems. Relays, while very
useful in some applications, also have some problems. The primary
reason for designing such a device was eliminating the large cost
involved in replacing the complicated relay based machine control
systems for major U.S. car manufacturers. These controllers
eliminated the need of rewiring and adding additional hardware
for every new configuration of logic. These, along with other
considerations, led to the development of PLCs. plc was more
improved in 1970’s. In 1973 the ability to communicate between

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PLCs was added. This also made it possible to have the controlling
circuit quite a ways away from the machine it was controlling.
However, at this time the lack of standardization in
PLCs created other problems. This was improved in the 1980's.The
size of PLC was also reduced then, thus using space even more
efficiently. The 90's increased the collection of ways in which a PLC
could be programmed (block diagrams, instruction list, C, etc.).
INTRODUCTION OF PLC:
• A programmable logic controller (PLC) is an industrial computer
control system that continuously monitors the state of input
devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to
control the state of output devices.
• It is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements,
extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and
resistance to vibration and impact.
• They are used in many industries such as oil refineries,
manufacturing lines, conveyor systems and so on, wherever
there is a need to control devices the PLC provides a flexible way
to "soft wire" the components together.

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• The basic units have a CPU (a computer processor) that is
dedicated to run one program that monitors a series of different
inputs and logically manipulates the outputs for the desired
control. They are meant to be very flexible in how they can be
programmed while also providing the advantages of high
reliability (no program crashes or mechanical failures), compact
and economical over traditional control systems.
In simple words, Programmable Logic Controllers are relay control
systems put in a very small package. This means that one PLC acts
basically like a bunch of relays, counters, timers, places for data
storage, and a few various other things, all in one small package.
ARCHITECTURE OF PLC:
The PLC give output in order to switch things on or off. The PLC’s
output is proportionally activated according on the status of the
system’s feedback sensors and input terminal which is connected
to PLC. The decision to activate output are based on logic
programmers. The logic programmer stored in RAM or ROM
memory. The PLC also have same as computer, a CPU, data bus and
address bus

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Fig : PLC internal architecture
to communicate with external devices such as programmers,
display monitor The next diagram shows a simplified diagram of
PLC’s structure. The central processing unit control everything
according to a programmer stored in a memory (RAM/ROM
).Everything is interconnected by two buses ,the address bus and
data bus . The system must be able and a/d converter.

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Fig : Simplified PLC structure
Fig : Basic plc sections

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Ladder Diagram (LD):
The Ladder Diagram is also a graphics oriented programming
language which approaches the structure of an electric circuit.
Ladder Diagram consists of a series of networks. Each network
consists on the left side of a series of contacts which pass on from
left to right the condition "ON" or "OFF" which correspond to the
Boolean values TRUE and FALSE. To each contact belongs a
Boolean variable. If this variable is TRUE, then condition pass from
left to right.
Fig : ladder diagram
COMMUNICATION/PROGRAMMING WITH SOFTWARE RSLINX
This chapter explains how to program the PLC. It describes how
to write a program, how the program is structured and
representation of the programming language.

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PROGRAMING BY LADDER DIAGRAM:
Ladder logic is a method of drawing electrical logic schematics. It is
now a graphical language very popular for programming
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It was originally invented
to describe logic made from relays. The name is based on the
observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with
two vertical "rails "and a series of horizontal "rungs" between
them. A program in the ladder logic, also called ladder diagram is
similar to a schematic for a set of relay circuits.
The Ladder Diagram is also a graphics oriented programming
language which approaches the structure of an electric circuit. The
Ladder Diagram consists of a series of networks. A network is
limited on the left and right sides by a left and right vertical current
line. In the middle is a circuit diagram made up of contacts, coils,
and connecting lines.
Each network consists on the left side of a series of contacts which
pass on from left to right the condition "ON" or "OFF" which
correspond to the Boolean values TRUE and FALSE. To each
contact belongs a Boolean variable. If this variable is TRUE, then

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the condition is passed from left to right along the connecting line.
Otherwise the right connection receives the value OFF.
INPUT represented by I
OUTPUT represented by O.
Addressingmethod:
1 slot=32 bit=2 word (1 char./word=2 byte=16 bit)
Input addressing:
File letter:Slot number.Word number/Bit number
For example I:2.1/1
Output addressing:
File letter:Slot number.Word number/Bit number For
example O:2.1/1
GENERALLY USED INSTRUCTIONS & SYMBOL FOR PLC
PROGRAMMING:
Input Instruction:
1. --[ ]-- This Instruction is Called XIC or Examine If Closed.

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ie; If a NO switch is actuated then only this instruction will be
true. If a NC switch is actuated then this instruction will not be
true and hence output will not be generated.
2. --[]-- This Instruction is Called XIO or Examine If Open ie; If
a NC switch is actuated then only this instruction will be true. If
a NC switch is actuated then this instruction will not be true and
hence output will not be generated.
Output Instruction:
1. --( )-- This Instruction Shows the States of Output(called OTE).
ie; If any instruction either XIO or XIC is true then output will be
high. Due to high output a 24 volt signal is generated from PLC
processor.
2. --(L)-- Output Latch (OTL)
OTL turns a bit on when the rung is executed, and this bit retains
its state when the rung is not executed or a power cycle occurs.
3. --(U)-- Output Unlatch(OTU)
OTU turns a bit off when the rung is executed, and this bit
retains its state when the rung is not executed or when power
cycle occurs.
Rung:

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Rung is a simple line on which instruction are placed and logics are
created
E.g.; ---------------------------------------------
Timer:
Timer has three bit:
• EN: Enable bit :
The Timer Enable (EN) bit is set immediately when the rung
goes true. It stays set until the rung goes false.
• TT: Timer timing bit :
The Timer Timing (TT) bit isset when the rung goes true. It stays
set until the rung goes false or the Timer Done (DN) bit is set (i.e.
when accumulated value equals preset value).
• DN: Done bit:
The Timer Done (DN) bit is not set until the accumulated value
is equal to the preset value. It stays set until the rung goes false.
Timer is three type:
1. TON 2. TOF 3. RTO
1. TON: Timer On
Counts time base intervals when the instruction is true.

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Fig : Timer on
2. TOF: Timer off
Delay Counts time base intervals when the instruction is false.
Fig : Timer off
3. RTO: Retentive Timer
This type of timer does NOT reset the accumulated time when the
input condition goes false. Rather, it keeps the last accumulated
time in memory, and (if/when the input goes true again)
continues timing from that point.

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Fig : Retentive Timer
Addressingof timer:
Fig : Addressing of timer
Table : Status of bits in timer
Set When Accumulated value wraps around to +32,768 (from: 32
767) and
Counter:
Counter has three bit:

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• Count Up bit (CU):
Set When Rung conditions are true and remains set till rung
conditions go false or a RES instruction that has the same
address as the CTD instruction is enabled.
• Done bit ( DN):
Set when the accumulated value is => the present value and
remains set till the accumulated value becomes less than the
present value.
• Overflow ( OV):
continues counting from there and remains set till a RES
instruction that has same address as the CTD instruction is
executed or the count is incremented greater than or equal to
+32,767 with a CTU instruction.
Counter is two type:
1. CTU
2. CTD
CTU: Count Up
Increments the accumulated value at each false-to true transition
and retains the accumulated value when the instruction goes false
or when power cycle occurs.

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Fig : Count Up
CTD: Count Down
Decrements the accumulate value at each false-to true transition
and retains the accumulated value when the instruction goes false
or when power cycle occurs.
Fig: Count Down
Addressing of counter:
Fig: Addressing of timer

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RESET: --(RES)--
Reset the accumulated value and status bits of a timer or counter.
A C5:0
-------[ ]---------------------(RES)--------------------------
When A is true than counter C5:0 is reset.
BOOLEAN LOGIC DESIGN BY LADDER DIAGRAM:
1. AND logic:
Y0=X0.X1
Fig 3.5: AND logic ladder diagram
2. OR logic:
Y1=X0+X1
Fig 3.6: OR logic ladder diagram 3.
NOT logic:

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Fig 3.7: NOT logic ladder diagram
4. NAND logic:
Fig : NAND logic ladder diagram
5. NOR logic:
Y1=X0+X1
Fig : NOR logic ladder diagram
6. X-OR logic:
Y2=X0 + X1
Y3=X0
Y0=X0.X1

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Fig : XOR logic ladder diagram
7. X-NOR logic:
Y2=X0 + X1
Fig : X-NOR logic ladder diagram
PROGRAMING AND OPERATIONS IN PLC:
To understanding the programming and operation we consider a
example .
We have a car parking place which has five car parking capacity and
we want to control the parking gate/light. We have one input
sensor, one exit sensor, for power supply start stop push button,
and for indication LED light Making programmer:
STEP: 1
Making start stop push button logic:

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Fig : Push button logic ladder diagram
Here button a is start push button and b is stop push button and x
is binary type output.
STEP: 2
Making input side sensor logic:
Fig : Input sensor logic ladder diagram
Here we use one input sensor and one counter which is CTU
(counter up) and take CTU preset value 5.
STEP: 3
Making exit side sensor logic:

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Fig : Output sensor logic ladder diagram
Here we use one Exit sensor and one counter which isCTD (counter
down) and take CTD preset value 5.
STEP: 4
Making parking light (LED) control logic:
Fig : led light logic ladder diagram
Here we take done bit (DN) of counter for controlling the led light
.
Operation:
After program making ,it is download in plc. This program store in
plc memory.
When we push the start button than plc scan the input means input
condition of button A is true(1).so the binary output is also true(1).

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Fig : operation of Push button logic(on pressing NO switch)
When start button release than input condition of button A is false.
But the start button and binary input both are in parellel. The
address of binary output and binary input are same so we get
continuous supply.
Fig : operation of Push button logic (on releasing NO switch)
Binary output we can use as a input in next step ,its status is true
for sense the entering car we use a input sensor and for counting
the car we use a CTU because accumulator value less than preset
value.
Similarly when fifth car enter than CTU count it’s accumulator
value .Now counter done bit is true because CTU address is C5:0
and take its preset value 5 because parking place capacity is 5.
When first car enter then input sensor status goes true . Due to this
CTU count one in it’s accumulator value .but counter done bit does
not true accumulator value equal to preset value.

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Fig : operation of input sensor logic
When done bit goes true than LED output is true so parking light is
on.
Fig : operation of led with input sensor logic
At exit side, one car is goes outside form parking place. Now four
car is present in the parking place but CTU done bit is on so LED
light is on. To remove this interlocking problem we use same
address for both counter (CTU and CTD).
Both counter have same address so CTU accumulator value and
CTD accumulator value both are same.

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Fig : operation of exit sensor logic
At exit side for sense the car we use a exit sensor .when one car is
exit. Than exit sensor status is true and CTD count and update the
accumulator value .
Now both counter’s accumulator value less than preset value so
done bit goes false and parking light off .
Fig : programme on window
APPLICATIONS OF PLC:
1. The PLC can be programmed to function as an energy
management system for boiler control for maximum
efficiency and safety.

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2. In automation of blender recliners
3. In automation of bulk material handling system at ports.
4. In automation for a ship unloaded.
5. Automation for wagon loaders.
6. For blast furnace charging controls in steel plants.
7. In automation of brick molding press in refractory.
8. In automation for galvanizing unit.
9. For chemical plants process control automation.
10. In automation of a rock phosphate drying and grinding
system.
11. Modernization of boiler and turbo generator set.
12. Process visualization for mining application.
13. Criteria display system for power station.

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SCADA
(SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION)
INTRODUCTION
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. As the
name indicates, it is not a full control system, but rather focuses on
the supervisory level. As such, it is a purely software package that
is positioned on top of hardware to which it is interfaced, in general
via Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), or other commercial
hardware modules.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or
equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and
waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and transportation.
These systems encompass the transfer of data between a SCADA
central host computer and a number of Remote Terminal Units

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(RTUs) and/or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and the
central host and the operator terminals. A SCADA system gathers
information (such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred),
transfers the information back to a central site, then alerts the
home station that a leak has occurred, carrying out necessary
analysis and control, such as determining if the leak is critical, and
displaying the information in a logical and organized fashion.
SCADA systems consist of:
1. One or more field data interface devices, usually RTUs, or PLCs,
which interface to field sensing devices and local control
switchboxes and valve actuators
2. A communications system used to transfer data between field
data interface devices and control units and the computers in
the SCADA central host. The system can be radio, telephone,
cable, satellite, etc., or any combination of these.
3. A central host computer server or servers (sometimes called a
SCADA Center, master station, or Master Terminal Unit (MTU)
4. A collection of standard and/or custom software [sometimes
called Human Machine Interface (HMI) software or Man
Machine Interface (MMI) software] systems used to provide the
SCADA central host and operator terminal application, support
the communications system, and monitor and control remotely
located field data interface devices.

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Fig : Typical SCADA System
SCADA SOFTWARE
 Rockwell – RS View 32
 Siemens- winCC
 Wonderware- Intouch
 GE- Intellation
ARCHITECTURE:

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Generally SCADA system is a centralized system which monitors
and controls entire area. It is purely software package that is
positioned on top of hardware. A supervisory system gathers data
on the process and sends the commands control to the process. For
example, in the thermal power plant the water flow can be set to
specific value or it can be changed according to the requirement.
The SCADA system allows operators to change the set point for the
flow, and enable alarm conditions incase of loss of flow and high
temperature and the condition is displayed and recorded. The
SCADA system monitors the overall performance of the loop. The
SCADA system is a centralized system to communicate with both
wire and wireless technology to Clint devices. The SCADA system
controls can run completely all kinds of industrial process.
EX: If too much pressure in buildingup in a gas pipe line the SCADA
system can automatically open a release valve.
Hardware Architecture:
The generally SCADA system can be classified into two parts:
• Clint layer
• Data server layer
The Clint layer which caters for the man machine interaction. The
data server layer which handles most of the process data activities.
The SCADA station refers to the servers and it is composed of a

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single PC. The data servers communicate with devices in the field
through process controllers like PLCs or RTUs. The PLCs are
connected to the data servers either directly or via networks or
buses. The SCADA system utilizes a WAN and LAN networks, the
WAN and LAN consists of internet protocols used for
communication between the master station and devices. The
physical equipment like sensors connected to the PLCs or RTUs.
The RTUs convert the sensor signals to digital data and sends
digital data to master unit.
Fig 5.5: Hardware Architecture
Software Architecture:

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Most of the servers are used for multitasking and real time
database. The servers are responsible for data gathering and
handling. The SCADA system consists of a software program to
provide trending, diagnostic data, and manage information such as
scheduled maintenance procedure, logistic information, detailed
schematics for a particular sensor or machine and expert system
troubleshooting guides. This means the operator can sea a
schematic representation of the plant being controlled.
EX: alarm checking, calculations, logging and archiving; polling
controllers on a set of parameter, those are typically connected to
the server.
Human machine interface:
The SCADA system uses human machine interface. The information
is displayed and monitored to be processed by the human. HMI
provides the access of multiple control units which can bePLCs and
RTUs. The HMI provides the graphical presentation of the system.
For example, it provides the graphical picture of the pump
connected to the tank. The user can see the flow of the water and
pressure of the water. The important part of the HMI is an alarm
system which is activated according to the predefined values.

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Fig : Human machine interface
For example: The tank water level alarm is set 60% and 70%
values. If the water level reaches above 60% the alarm gives
normal warning and if the water level reach above 70% the alarm
gives critical warning.
Monitoring/Control:
The SCADA system uses different switches to operate each device
and displays the status at
the control area. Any part of the process can be turned ON/OFF
from the control station using these switches. SCADA system is
implemented to work automatically without human intervention
but at critical situations it is handled by man power.

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DESIGN SCADA WITH INTOUCH WONDERWARE SOFTWARE
AND APPLICATION:
SCADA is main interface between your control system and
Operator. Maximum data and
features available on SCADA give you better control and clarity
about the system. SCADA
needs to read data from various devices like:-
• PLC/Controllers
• RTU
• Energy meters/Load managers/Data loggers
• Field instruments like Flow meters and positioners
Each of above data communicates with SCADA on variousprotocols
. SCADA reads or writes the data in format of tags.
INTOUCH WONDERWARE SCADA SOFTWARE:
First we crate the animated object from “Wizard Selection” tool
than specify tag name as require. We can create almost any screen
animation effect imaginable. We can make objects change colour,
size, location, visibility, fill level, and so on.
Animation link selection dialog box are shown in fig

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Fig : Animation Link Selection Dialog Box
TOUCH LINK
A. User Input touch links:
Discrete: Used to control the value of a discrete tagname. Analog:
Used to input the value of an analog (integer or real) tagname.
String: Used to create an object into which a string message may
be input.
B. Sliders touch links: Vertical& Horizontal:
we can move the slider position horizontally or vertically. C.
Touch Pushbutton links:
Discrete Value:

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Used to make any object or symbol into a pushbutton that controls
the state of a discrete tagname. Pushbutton actions can be set,
reset, toggle, momentary on (direct) and momentary off (reverse)
types.
Action:
Allows any object, symbol or button to have up to three different
action scripts linked to it; On Down, While Down and On Up.
Show Window:
Used to make an object or symbol into a button that opens one or
more windows when it is clicked or touched.
Hide Window:
Used to make an object or symbol into a button that closes one or
more windows when it is clicked or touched.
Fig : push button dialog box COLOR
LINKS:
Discrete:
Used to control the fill, line and text colours attributes of an object
or symbol that is linked to the value of a discrete expression.

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Analog:
The line, fill, and text colour of an object or symbol can be linked
to the value of an analog tag name (integer or real) or an analog
expression. Five value ranges are defined by specifying four
breakpoints. Five different colours can be selected which will be
displayed as the value range changes.
Discrete Alarm:
The text, line, and fill colour of an object can all be linked to the
alarm state of a tag name, Alarm Group, or Group Variable. This
colour link allows a choice of two colours; one for the normal state
and one for the alarm state of the tag name. This link can be used
for both analog and discrete tag names. If it is used with an analog
tag name, it responds to any alarm condition of the tag name
Analog Alarm:
The text, line, and fill colour of an object can all be linked to the
alarm state of an analog tag name, Alarm Group, or Group Variable.
Allows a specific colour to be set for the normal state as well as a
separate colour for each alarm condition defined for the tag name.

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Fig : Fill colour dialog box
OBJECT SIZE LINKS:
We use Object Size links to vary the height and/or width of an
object according to the value of an analog (integer or real) tag name
or analog expression. Size links provide the ability to control the
direction in which the object enlarges in height and/or width by
setting the "anchor" for the link. Both height and width links can be
attached to the same object.
Fig : object height dialog box
PERCENT FILL LINKS:
We use Percent Fill Links to provide the ability to vary the fill level
of a filled shape (or a symbol containing filled shapes) according to
the value of an analog tag name or an expression that computes to
an analog value. For example, this link may be used to show the

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level of liquids in a vessel. An object or symbol may have a
horizontal fill link, a vertical fill link, or both.
Fig : vertical fill dialog box
LOCATION LINKS:
We use Location Links to make an object automatically move
horizontally, vertically, or in both directions in response to changes
in the value of an analog tag name or expression
Fig : horizontal location dialog box MISCELLANEOUS LINKS:
There are four type of miscellaneous links.
Visibility:
Use to control the visibility of an object based on the value of a
discrete tag name or expression.

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Blink:
Used to make an object blink based on the value of a discrete tag
name or expression.
Orientation:
Used to make an object rotate based on the value of a tag name or
expression.
Disable:
Used to disable the touch functionality of objects based on the value
of a tag name or expression.
VALUE DISPLAY LINKS:
Value Display Links provide the ability to use a text object to
display the value of a discrete, analog, or string tag name. There are
three types:
Discrete :
Uses the value of a discrete expression to display an On or Off user
defined message in a text object.
Analog:
Displays the value of an analog expression in a text object.
String:
Displays the value of a string expression in a text object.

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APPLICATIONS OF SCADA:
SCADA systems can be relatively simple, such as one that monitors
environmental conditions of a small office building, or incredibly
complex, such as a system that monitors all the activity in a nuclear
power plant or the activity of a municipal water system.
SCADA monitors and controls industrial, infrastructure, or
facility-based processes, as described below:
.
• Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include
water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and
treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission
and distribution, wind farms, civil defence siren systems, and
large communication systems.
• Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private
ones, including buildings, airports, ships, and space stations.
They monitor and control HVAC, access, and
energy consumption.
Industries that are catered to are:
• Automotive
• Building Automation
• Cement & Glass
• Chemical
• Electronics

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• Food and Beverage
• Machinery & Manufacturing
• Aerospace & Defence
• Metals & Mining
• Oil & Gas
• Pharmaceutical
• Power, Utilities & Generation
• Transportation
• Water & Wastewater
ADVANTAGES:
• The SCADA system provides on board mechanical and graphical
information
• The SCADA system is easily expandable. We can add set of
control units and sensors according to the requirement.
• The SCADA system ability to operate critical situations.

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CONCLUSION:
With the speed of changing technology today it is easy to lose sight
or knowledge of the basic theory or operation of programmable
logic. Most people simply use the hardware to produce the results
they desire. Hopefully, this report has given the reader a deeper
insight into the inner workings of programmable logic and its role
in mechanical operations. The idea of programmable logic is very
simple to understand, but it is the complex programs that run in
the ladder diagrams that make them difficult for the common user
to fully understand. Hopefully this has alleviated some of that
confusion. SCADA is used for the constructive working, using a
SCADA system for control ensures a common framework not only
for the development of the specific applications but also for
operating the detectors. Operators experience the same ”look and
feel” whatever part of the experiment they control. However, this
aspect also depends to a significant extent on proper engineering.