Allotropes refer to different structural forms of the same element, such as diamond and graphite both being made of carbon but having different atomic arrangements. Polymorphism describes how a compound can form different crystal structures, like aragonite and calcite which are both calcium carbonate. Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals combined with other elements, whereas composites combine two or more compounds that may or may not include metals. Solid solutions occur when solid elements dissolve into a single crystal structure completely, such as tin dissolving into copper to form bronze. Phases refer to substances with the same chemical formula but different physical structures, such as water and ice or austenite and ferrite steel phases.

1. Difference between
Allotropes, Polymorphism,
Alloys, Composite,
Solid Solution, Phase

2. ALLOTROPES:
• Allotrope is the ability of an
element to appear in different
forms.
• Eg: Diamond and Graphite.
• Though both are completely
made of carbon. They have
different arrangement of atoms.
POLYMORPHISM:
• Polymorphism is the ability of a
solid compound to exist in
different crystal structure.
• Eg: Aragonite (orthorhombic)
and Calcite (trigonal).
• Though both are calcium
carbonate (CaCO3)

3. ALLOYS:
• Alloy is a mixture TWO or more
METALS WITH OTHER
ELEMENTS.
• Eg: stainless steel
• CLASSIFICATION: PURE METAL,
SOLID SOLUTION,
INTERMEDIATE PHASE
COMPOSITE
• Composite is a mixture of 2 or
more compounds.
• The mixture need not to have a
metal.
• THE MIXTURE CAN BE FIBRE
AND POLYMER.
• EG: CARBON REINFORCED FIBRE,

4. SOLID SOLUTION:
• SOLID SOLUTION IS A TYPE OF
solution, where solid is dissolved
in solid
• IT is a phase where two or more
elements are completely soluble
into a single crystal structure
• EG: TIN DISSOLVED IN COPPER
(BRONZE)
PHASE:
• COMPOUND HAVING SAME
CHEMICAL FORMULA BUT
DIFFERENT PHYSICAL STRUCTURE.
• A compound or alloy can have
different phase
• EG:WATER AND ICE , AUSTENITE
AND FERRITE