The document discusses various topics related to diesel engines, including:
- What a diesel engine is and how it works by compressing air and injecting fuel to ignite without a spark plug.
- The typical systems that support a diesel engine like the intake, exhaust, fuel, cooling, and lubrication systems.
- Common faults that can occur in diesel engines like overheating, vibration, excessive fuel/oil consumption, and noise.
- Maintenance topics like servicing fuel injectors and bleeding air from the fuel system.
this is the ppt on 2 stroke and 4 stroke petrol engine. . i made this ppt with the help of dhrumil patel .who is in the L.D. college of engineering in chemical department. . i am very thankful to him for being my great partner. . .thanx dhrumil..
It contains Working, Construction of 4 stroke petrol engine with PV Diagram and Advantages & Disadvantages.Very useful & all info compiled at same place.
this is the ppt on 2 stroke and 4 stroke petrol engine. . i made this ppt with the help of dhrumil patel .who is in the L.D. college of engineering in chemical department. . i am very thankful to him for being my great partner. . .thanx dhrumil..
It contains Working, Construction of 4 stroke petrol engine with PV Diagram and Advantages & Disadvantages.Very useful & all info compiled at same place.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
3. Roger C. Montepio
LECTURE TOPICS
What is a diesel engine? (comparison between gasoline
engine and a diesel engine)
Parts, principles and uses of diesel engine
Servicing and maintenance of a diesel engine
Fuel Injector
5. Roger C. Montepio
• Engine Terminology
• Engine Classifications
- a device which transforms the chemical
energy of fuel into thermal energy and uses this
energy to produce mechanical work.
What is engine?
ENGINE
6. Roger C. Montepio
Cylinder volume, V
Clearance volume, Vc
Stroke volume, VS
Top dead center, TDC
Bottom dead center, BDC
Connecting rod
Crank
Check
Crank case
Cylinder
Crank pin
Gudgeon or wrist pin
Piston
Suction valve Exhaust valve
Intake of suction manifold
Cylinder head
Exhaust manifold
Crank shaft
ENGINE
7. Roger C. Montepio
Engine-Review
Convert fuel chemical energy into mechanical power
Combustion of the fuel causes one or more
reciprocating pistons, to turn a crankshaft
Transmission of power:
Crankshaft via
flywheel
Connecting
rod
Piston
Output shaft
Desired load
9. Roger C. Montepio
Spark vs. Compression Ignition
• Spark ignition (SI) engines
– a compressed, homogeneous air-fuel mixture (15:1
ratio of air to fuel by mass) is ignited using a spark
• Compression ignition (CI) engines
– rapid compression of air to a high pressure raises the
temperature so that fuel, when delivered into
combustion chamber, spontaneously ignites without
need for a spark
– often referred to as a Diesel engine
10. Roger C. Montepio
Description SI Engine CI Engine
1 Basic cycle Based or Otto cycle. Based on Diesiel cycle.
2 Fuel
Petrol (gasoline). Hight self-
ingintion temperature
desirable
Diesel oil. Low self-ignition
temperature desirable
3 Introduction of fuel
Fuel and air introduced as a
gaseous mixture in the
suction stroke. Carburator
nessesary to provide the
mixture. Throtle controls the
quantity of mixture
introduced.
Fuel is injected directly into
combustion chamber at high
pressure at of compression
stroke. Carburator is eliminated
but a fuel pump and injector
necessary. Quality of fuel
regulated in pump.
4 Ignition
Required an ignition system
with spark plug in the
combustion chamber.
Ignition due to high temperatur,
caused by high compression of
air, when fuel is injected.
Ignition system and spark plug
is eleminated.
5
Compression ratio
rage
6 to 10.5. Upper limit of CR
fixed by anti-knock quality of
fuel.
14 to 22. Upper limit of CR is
limited by the rapidly increasing
weight of the engine structure
as the compression ratio is
further increased.
6 Speed
Higher maximum revolution
per minute due to lighter
weight.
Maximum r.p.m lower
7 Efficiency Maximum efficiency lower Higher maximum efficiency.
8 Weight Lightrer Heavier due to higher pressures
11. Roger C. Montepio
DIESEL ENGINE
- a type of internal combustion engine, more
specifically, a compression ignition engine, in
which the fuel is ignited by the high
temperature of compressed gas, rather than a
separate source of energy(such as a spark plug).
What is a diesel engine?
14. Roger C. Montepio
How it works?
When gas is compressed its temperature rises. A diesel engine exploits
this property in order to ignite the fuel. Air is drawn into the cylinder of a diesel
engine, and compressed by the rising piston. This happens at a much higher
compression rate than in a spark-ignition engine. At the top of the piston stroke
diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber at high pressure through an
atomising nozzle. It mixes with the hot, pressurised air. The resulting mixture
ignites and burns very rapidly. This contained explosion causes the gas in the
chamber to expand, driving the piston down with considerable force, and
creating power in a vertical direction.
The connecting rod transmits this motion to the crankshaft which is
forced to turn, delivering rotary power at the output end of the crankshaft.
‘Scavenging’ - pushing the exhausted gas-charge out of the cylinder and drawing
in a fresh draught of air - is done through ports or valves.
15. Roger C. Montepio
Working Principles
Suction Stroke
Compression Stroke,
Power Stroke,
Exhaust Stroke
Diesel working principles
16. Roger C. Montepio
Fuel Characteristics
Diesel Fuel
Diesel fuel is a product of crude oil, although other oils can be burned inside
an adapted engine. Good quality diesel fuel can be synthesized from vegetable fat and
alcohol.
Diesel engines can work on thicker, heavier oil, or oil with higher viscosity, as
long as it is heated in order to ease pumping and injection. These fuels are cheaper
but dirtier than clean, refined diesel oil.
Diesel fuel is more difficult to ignite than gasoline because of its higher flash
point, but once burning, a diesel fire can be extremely fierce.
The use of low-grade fuels can lead to serious maintenance problems.
17. Roger C. Montepio
Supporting Systems
Intake and Exhaust System
Starting System
Fuel System,
Cooling System,
Lubricating System
Diesel Supporting Systems
18. Roger C. Montepio
Intake System
The function of this system is to allow the purified air to the
cylinder
Air Cleaner,
Intake Manifold,
Intake Valve,
Supercharger, etc.
19. Roger C. Montepio
Intake System
1. Wing nut
2. Washer
3. Air Filter cover
4. Rubber Packing
5. Air Filter cartridge
6. Rubber packing
7. Air Filter body
8. Rubber packing
9. Air Filter flange
10. Air Filter leeve
11. Intake pipe
20. Roger C. Montepio
Faults and Remedies
Faults and remedies
1) Air cleaner jammed with dirt -Change
2) Internal manifold cracked -Change
3) Cage --- and bent stem of intake valve -Repair or change
4) Super charger not working properly -Repair or change
21. Roger C. Montepio
Exhaust System
The function of this system is to take out burnt gas from the
cylinder
Silencer pipe,
Silencer box and
Tail pipe,
22. Roger C. Montepio
Faults and Remedies
Faults and remedies
1) Exhaust manifold broken/cracked -Change
2) Silencer pipe cracked -Repair or change
3) Silencer box jammed due to burnt or leaked carbon -Repair or change
4) Tail pipe leaked or cracked -Repair or change
23. Roger C. Montepio
Starting System
The system starts the engine by providing initial rotations
via:
Hand-starting system,
Self-starting system,
Rope-starting system and
Pedal-starting system
24. Roger C. Montepio
Starting System
Hand-starting system is generally
used in one cylinder diesel engine.
There is no fault in this system, one
handle is used for starting.( Water,
lubricant and fuel must be checked
before starting)
25. Roger C. Montepio
Fuel System
Engine fuel system is very important through which the fuel
is taken out of the fuel tank for combustion.
Fuel tank,
Fuel line,
Fuel filter,
Low pressure feed pump,
High pressure fuel pump and
Injector or atomizer
26. Roger C. Montepio
Faults and Remedies
Faults and remedies
1) Fuel tank leaked/cracked -Repair or change
2) Fuel line leaked/cracked -Change
3) Filter jammed due to dirt -Change
4) Low pressure/feed pump faulty -Repair or change after checking
5) High pressure fuel pump faulty -Repair or change after checking
6) Injector faulty -Repair or change after checking
27. Roger C. Montepio
Cooling System
Engine cooling system enables the engine to maintain a
constant operating temperature.
Water cooling system and
Air cooling system
29. Roger C. Montepio
Lubricating System
Using lubricant, the lubrication system prevents wear and
tear of moving components and enables components to
move faster and more efficiently.
Three functions (Cooling, Sealing and Cleaning)
Strainer,
Oil pump,
Oil filter,
Oil pressure gauge
Oil passage
30. Roger C. Montepio
Faults and Remedies
Faults and remedies
1) Strainer may be damaged -Change
2) Pump may not work -Repair or change
3) Oil filter jammed due to dirt -Change
4) Oil pressure gauge faulty -Repair or change (after checking)
5) Oil passage jammed -Clean
31. Roger C. Montepio
Engine Faults
Five common faults are faced during engine operation :
1. Over-heating
2. Excessive engine vibrations
3. Excessive fuel consumption
4. Excessive lubrication consumption
5. Excessive noise during operation
32. Roger C. Montepio
Engine Faults
Possible reasons for over-heating of engine :
1. Low water quantity in radiator or water tank
2. Ignition starts after specified time
3.Fan belt lose or torn
4. Water jacket jammed
5. Faulty water pump
6.Low quantity of lubricating oil
7. Faulty lube oil pump
8. Broken fan blade
9.Engine operates over load
10. Engine operates at a high speed for a long time
33. Roger C. Montepio
Engine Faults
Possible reasons for engine vibration :
1. Vibration damper or engine counter-weight are not
working
2. Detonation and auto-ignition
3. Main engine bearing, the smaller end bearing of
connecting rod, or the thrust bearing, have become loose.
34. Roger C. Montepio
Engine Faults
Possible reasons for excessive fuel consumption :
1. Frequent starting and stopping uses a lot of fuel
2. Leak in fuel delivery line
3. Leak in fuel tank
4. Air cleaner jammed
5. Engine left in operation unneccessarily
6. Improper valve timing
7. Over loaded engine
35. Roger C. Montepio
Engine Faults
Possible reasons of excessive lubrication consumption :
1. Piston wrongly fitted
2. Piston and connecting rod misaligned
3. Oil ring not placed exactly in oil ring grove
4. Too large a gap between piston and cylinder
5. Low tension of oil ring
6. Excessive wear of big-end bearing
7. Main oil seal cracked or damaged
8. Intake valve guide wrongly fitted
9. Excessive wear of cylinder taper and out / round
10. Engine head gasket cracked and damaged
36. Roger C. Montepio
Engine Faults
Possible reasons for excessive noise during operation :
1. Wear and improper adjustment of engine parts
2. Abnormal condition due to detonation and auto-ignition
3. Poor quality fuel
4. Loose connecting rod
37. Roger C. Montepio
Engine Faults
Wearable and breakable parts of a fuel pump :
• Wear of plunger
• Wear of plunger bush
• Plunger retaining spring can lose tension
• Plunger-retaining spring can break
• Wear of bush and ball bearing
• Wear above tappet and bottom of plunger
• Wear of roller and fan
38. Roger C. Montepio
Others
COMPLAINT POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY
Engine Lacks Power * Incorrect grade of oil * Use recommended type and
SAE number of oil
* Wrong type of fuel * Change
* Insufficient air * Clean or change element
* Engine overcooled * Use radiator cover, replace
parts
* Valve clearance incorrect * Readjust
* Injection pump defective * Readjust or replace
* Injection nozzles defective * Readjust or replace
* Injection timing incorrect * Readjust
* Compression pressure low * Disassemble and replace
parts
39. Roger C. Montepio
Others
COMPLAINT POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY
White or blue exhaust smoke * Too much oil in crankcase * Fill only to correct level on
gauge
* Oil viscosity too low * Refill with correct viscosity
of oil
* Engine overcooled * Use radiator cover, or
clean, test and replace
thermostat
* Injection timing incorrect * readjust
* Compression pressure low * Diassemble and replace
parts
* Poor fuel spray from
injection nozzles
* Readjust or replace
40. Roger C. Montepio
Others
COMPLAINT POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY
Black or gray exhaust * Wrong type of fuel * Refill with correct type of
fuel
* Valve clearance incorrect * Readjust
* Injection pump defective * Readjust or replace
* Compression pressure low * Disassemble and replace
parts
* Insufficient air * Clean or change element
41. Roger C. Montepio
Others
COMPLAINT POSSIBLE CAUSES REMEDY
High fuel consumption * Injection pump defective * Readjust or replace
* Injection nozzles defective * Readjust or replace
* Wrong type of fuel * Refill with correct type of
fuel
* Compression pressure low * Disassemble and replace
parts
* Insufficient air * Clean or change air
cleaner element. Check
turbocharger
* Injection timing incorrect * readjust
42. Roger C. Montepio
Others
COMPLAINT POSSIBLE CAUSES REMEDY
High oil consumption * Too high oil level in
crankcase
* Maintain oil level in
operating range on gauge
* Incorrect grade of oil * Use recommended type and
SAE number of oil
* Oil leaks * Retighten or replace
* Cylinders and piston rings
worn
* Disassemble and replace
parts
43. Roger C. Montepio
Others
COMPLAIN POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY
Engine overheats * Fan belt house * readjust
* Lack of coolant * refill
* Too low oil level * Maintain oil level in
operating range on gauge
* Water pump defective * Replace
* Thermostat defective * Replace
44. Roger C. Montepio
Others
COMPLAINT POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY
Low oil pressure * Lack of oil * Refill up to level
* Oil viscosity too low * Refill with correct viscosity
of oil
* Oil filter clogged * Replace element
* Oil pump defective * Readjust or replace
* Oil pressure regulating
valve defective
* Readjust or replace
46. Roger C. Montepio
Nozzle Servicing
• Open faulty nozzle and clean away soot (carbon); then
check whether nozzle
moves freely.
• Check delicate parts.
• Check nozzle valve and body.
• Immerse nozzle valve and body in clear diesel oil in order
to remove carbon.
• Use copper wire brush - not a steel brush – to clean off
soot (carbon).
• Fuel bore should be cleaned with a fine drill.
47. Roger C. Montepio
Air Bleeding
The correct method of air bleeding the fuel system :
• Fill up the fuel tank with new diesel oil.
• Open valve of the tank.
• Loosen bleeding plug of the fuel filter and pump till fuel
flow is continuous.
• Tighten the plug.
• Loosen injection line nut and crank the engine till fuel is
flowing without foam.
• Close the injection line and check for leaks.