The document summarizes the basic physical principles and parts of a gasoline engine, including:
- Energy conversion from heat to mechanical energy
- Key parts like the cylinder block, piston, crankshaft, valves, and camshaft
- The four stroke operating cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes that occur over two revolutions of the crankshaft
The most common internal combustion engines of today can be defined as either four-stroke or two-stroke cycle. Two-stroke or four-stroke refers to the number of strokes the piston makes in the cylinder to complete one power cycle. A stroke is the movement of the piston in one direction, moving the piston from the top to the bottom of the cylinder is one stroke. A running internal combustion engine continually repeats a power cycle called: intake, compression, power and exhaust. Your automobile or stern drive engine is most likely a four stroke design. The majority of existing outboard motors use two stroke technology. However the current movement in emissions regulations is pushing the design of current outboards towards the 4 stroke and direct injection two stroke design. Efforts to build a 4 stroke outboard in the past have been many and varied, mostly unsuccessful as the design technology and precision production that can be achieved today were impossible to achieve then. Resulting motors were bulky and unreliable. Those motors that were viable were for the most part rejected by the boating public.
The most common internal combustion engines of today can be defined as either four-stroke or two-stroke cycle. Two-stroke or four-stroke refers to the number of strokes the piston makes in the cylinder to complete one power cycle. A stroke is the movement of the piston in one direction, moving the piston from the top to the bottom of the cylinder is one stroke. A running internal combustion engine continually repeats a power cycle called: intake, compression, power and exhaust. Your automobile or stern drive engine is most likely a four stroke design. The majority of existing outboard motors use two stroke technology. However the current movement in emissions regulations is pushing the design of current outboards towards the 4 stroke and direct injection two stroke design. Efforts to build a 4 stroke outboard in the past have been many and varied, mostly unsuccessful as the design technology and precision production that can be achieved today were impossible to achieve then. Resulting motors were bulky and unreliable. Those motors that were viable were for the most part rejected by the boating public.
The functional objectives for fuel injection systems can vary but all share the central task of supplying fuel to the combustion process.
-
Fuel injection, is introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, by means of injectors.
-
Diesel engines use fuel injection by design, in petrol engines, fuel injection replaced carburetors from the 1980s onward.
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Gas engines can use gasoline direct injection or indirect injection where the fuel is mixed with air before the intake stroke.
Green engine is one of the most interesting invention for the automotive industry..
The efficiency of this engine is high as compared to the contemporary engines and also the exhaust emissions are nearly zero..
The significance of the engine lies in the efficiency when the present world conditions of limited resources of energy are considered..
The clutch is a very important part that keeps the transmission and the engine connected. This assembly mainly consists of a clutch release bearing, pressure plate, and a clutch disc. These three performs to engage and disengage the engine. See the mentioned slideshow to know the right working principles of the clutch in your car.
The functional objectives for fuel injection systems can vary but all share the central task of supplying fuel to the combustion process.
-
Fuel injection, is introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, by means of injectors.
-
Diesel engines use fuel injection by design, in petrol engines, fuel injection replaced carburetors from the 1980s onward.
-
Gas engines can use gasoline direct injection or indirect injection where the fuel is mixed with air before the intake stroke.
Green engine is one of the most interesting invention for the automotive industry..
The efficiency of this engine is high as compared to the contemporary engines and also the exhaust emissions are nearly zero..
The significance of the engine lies in the efficiency when the present world conditions of limited resources of energy are considered..
The clutch is a very important part that keeps the transmission and the engine connected. This assembly mainly consists of a clutch release bearing, pressure plate, and a clutch disc. These three performs to engage and disengage the engine. See the mentioned slideshow to know the right working principles of the clutch in your car.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
What Does the Active Steering Malfunction Warning Mean for Your BMWTanner Motors
Discover the reasons why your BMW’s Active Steering malfunction warning might come on. From electrical glitches to mechanical failures and software anomalies, addressing these promptly with professional inspection and maintenance ensures continued safety and performance on the road, maintaining the integrity of your driving experience.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
2. Physical Principles related to
Engine Operation
Energy conversion
Atmospheric pressure
Vacuum
Pressure
The relationship between temperature,
pressure and volume.
The three states of matter.
2
3. 3
Energy Conversion
Engines take heat
energy and convert
it into mechanical
energy.
Motors take
electrical energy
and convert it into
mechanical energy.
4. Basic Parts of the Gasoline
Engine
4
Cylinder block
Piston
Piston rings
Piston pin
Connecting rod
Crankshaft
Cylinder head
Intake valve
Exhaust valve
Camshaft
Timing gears
Spark plug
5. 5
Cylinder Block
Basic frame of
gasoline engine.
Contains the
cylinder.
6. 6
Piston
A sliding plug that
harnesses the force
of the burning gases
in the cylinder.
7. 7
Piston Rings
The rings seal the
compression gases
above the piston
keep the oil below
the piston rings.
8. 8
Piston Pins
Also known as the
wrist pin, it connects
the piston to the
small end of the
connecting rod.
It transfers the force
and allows the rod to
swing back and
forth.
9. 9
Connecting Rod
Connects the piston
and piston pin to the
crankshaft.
10. 10
Crankshaft
Along the the piston
pin and connecting
rod it converts the
up and down motion
(reciprocating) of the
engine to spinning
(rotary) motion.
14. 14
Cylinder Head
Forms the top of the
combustion
chamber.
Contains the valves,
the passageways for
the fuel mixture to
move in and out of
the engine.
22. 22
Intake Stroke
Intake valve opens.
Piston moves down, ½
turn of crankshaft.
A vacuum is created in
the cylinder.
Atmospheric pressure
pushes the air/fuel
mixture into the
cylinder.
23. 23
Compression Stroke
Valves close.
Piston moves up, ½
turn of crankshaft.
Air/fuel mixture is
compressed.
Fuel starts to
vaporize and heat
begins to build.
24. 24
Power Stroke
Valves remain
closed.
Spark plug fires
igniting fuel mixture.
Piston moves down,
½ turn of crankshaft.
Heat is converted to
mechanical energy.
25. 25
Exhaust Stroke
Exhaust valve
opens.
Piston move up,
crankshaft makes ½
turn.
Exhaust gases are
pushed out polluting
the atmosphere.
32. Why not diesel?
1. Diesel engines, because they have
much higher compression ratios (20:1
for a typical diesel vs. 8:1 for a typical
gasoline engine), tend to be heavier
than an equivalent gasoline engine.
2. Diesel engines also tend to be more
32
expensive.
33. Why not diesel?
3. Diesel engines, because of the weight and
compression ratio, tend to have lower
maximum RPM ranges than gasoline
engines (see Question 381 for details). This
makes diesel engines high torque rather
than high horsepower, and that tends to
make diesel cars slow in terms of
acceleration.
4. Diesel engines must be fuel injected, and in
the past fuel injection was expensive and
less reliable
33
34. Why not diesel?
5. Diesel engines tend to produce more smoke
34
and "smell funny".
6. Diesel engines are harder to start in cold
weather, and if they contain glow plugs,
diesel engines can require you to wait
before starting the engine so the glow plugs
can heat up.
7. Diesel engines are much noisier and tend to
vibrate.
8. Diesel fuel is less readily available than
gasoline
35. 35
Why not diesel?
One or two of these disadvantages would be
OK, but a group of disadvantages this large is
a big deterrent for lots of people.
36. 36
Advantages
The two things working in favor of diesel
engines are better fuel economy and longer
engine life. Both of these advantages mean
that, over the life of the engine, you will tend
to save money with a diesel. However, you
also have to take the initial high cost of the
engine into account. You have to own and
operate a diesel engine for a fairly long time
before the fuel economy overcomes the
increased purchase price of the engine. The
equation works great in a big diesel tractor-trailer
rig that is running 400 miles every day,
but it is not nearly so beneficial in a
passenger car.
37. The Cycle
How many revolutions of the crankshaft
does it take to complete the four
strokes?
If an engine idles at 500 rpm, how many
power strokes occur per minute?
How many power strokes per second?
How about at 5000 rpm or 10,000 rpm?
37