This document presents information on the diacylglycerol pathway. It discusses how diacylglycerol (DAG) is an essential secondary messenger in mammalian cells and its levels are regulated by diacylglycerol kinase, diacylglycerol lipase, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase. DAG plays an important role in activating protein kinase C, which controls various cellular processes. DAG is also involved in regulating insulin secretion by increasing calcium ion concentration and stimulating glucose uptake in pancreatic beta cells. Finally, DAG functions as a source for prostaglandins and helps secrete thyroid-releasing hormone and oxytocin.

1. Diacylglycerol pathway
Presented By;
Sohil shah
M Pharm 1st year
pharmacology
School of Pharmacy,
Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded.
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Pathway for Activation of protein kinase C
 Pathway for Regulation of insulin secretion
 Function
 References
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid signal messenger which is an essential secondary
messenger in mammalian cells
 The level of DAG is regulated by diacylglycerol kinase (D GK) , diacylglycerol lipase
(DGL), or diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT).
 Among this DGK which phosphorylates DAG to phosphatidic acid which is the dominant
enzyme responsible for DAG metabolism
 Some recent studies shows that alpha and gamma DGK acts as a positive regulators of
insulin secretion.
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4. Activation of protein kinase c
 Diacylglycerol play important role in the activation
of protein kinase c.
 Many protein of this family play important role in
the control of cell growth, differentiation ,
proliferation, neural development, synaptic
transmission, smooth muscle contraction and gene
expression
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5. Cont……
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6. Regulation of insulin secretion
 alpha and gamma DGK are mainly responsible for the insulin secretion
 It increase the concentration of calcium ion in pancreatic beta cell for the release of
insulin
 It also stimulate the muscarinic receptor and increase the concentration of glucose in
the cell which is necessary for the secretion of insulin.
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7. Pre-anesthetic agents
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8. Cont…..
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9. Function of DAG
 A source for PG
 Regulation of insulin
 Activation of protein kinase c
 DAG also have some role in the secretion of TRH and oxytocin
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10. REFERENCES
 1) Baldanzi G. Inhibition of diacylglycerol kinases as a physiologi- cal way to promote
diacylglycerol signaling. Adv. Biol. Regul., 55, 39–49 (2014)
 2) Peter-Riesch B, Fathi M, Schlegel W, Wollheim CB. Glucose and carbachol generate
1,2-diacylglycerols by different mechanisms in pancreatic islets. J. Clin. Invest., 81, 1154–
1161 (1988).
 3) internet.
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11. THANK YOU
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