This document discusses diabetic neuropathy, including: - Prevalence is 50% in those with long-standing diabetes. It is a major cause of neuropathies. - Risk factors include duration of diabetes, age, smoking, hypertension, and malnutrition. - Pathogenesis involves increased aldose reductase, nerve ischemia, glycation end products, and oxidative stress. - Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is the most common form, initially presenting with small fiber symptoms like pain and later developing signs of sensory loss. - Treatment involves glucose control, antioxidants, aldose reductase inhibitors, growth factors, and medications like gabapentin, duloxetine, or