ENV 107 - Lecture 4
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1) The lecture will cover the Facebook page link for the class, details about an upcoming quiz exam, Garrett Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons, the Precautionary Principle, and a video of President Obama's 2014 UN Climate Summit Speech. 2) Garrett Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons refers to how individuals acting in their own self-interest can deplete shared limited resources. Examples include overuse of public land and pollution. Solutions involve restricting access and creating incentives for responsible use. 3) The Precautionary Principle is a response to uncertainty about risks to health or the environment. It advocates taking action to avoid potential harm when scientific certainty about risks is lacking.
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DNA mutations can cause changes in gene sequences over many generations, leading to evolution through natural selection. Mutations occur randomly during DNA replication and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral. Charles Darwin observed through his voyage on the HMS Beagle that species adapt to their environments over time, with beneficial traits increasing an organism's chances of survival and reproduction.
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1) Charles Darwin was a British naturalist born in 1809 who studied medicine and divinity before joining a scientific expedition on the HMS Beagle as their geologist from 1831-1836.
2) While traveling on the Beagle, Darwin was influenced by the ideas of Charles Lyell and observed unique species of finches on the Galapagos Islands, sparking his theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Environmental Science 100Fall Quarter 2017Homework 5 Climate .docx
Environmental Science 100
Fall Quarter 2017
Homework 5: Climate Change
Answer at least two of the four following questions:
1. Dr. Hansen makes the case that certain climate “forcing” components may be masking the effects of more CO2 in the atmosphere at this date. What components is he talking about, and what effect do they have? Examine the potential role of this relationship in dealing with climate change into the future.
2. Dr. Hansen describes the potential role of methane hydrates (clathrates) in a climatic “feedback loop” which would accelerate the rate of temperature increase. This is an example of a climatic “tipping point”, from which there is no return. Give another example of a “feedback loop” which we are experiencing now, and consider whether it has an inherent “tipping point” in its actions.
3. The issue of climate change brings up an important point in the operation of a democracy. People need accurate information on which to base their decisions, but our covenants on “free speech” don’t constrain special interests from obscuring or obfuscating that information to serve their own purposes. This is particularly poignant when our media sources for information compete for the advertising dollars which those special interests control. How can we provide the public with accurate, unbiased information on critical issues like this?
4. Climate change, like most environmental issues, is a global challenge. To date, the United States has almost single-handedly derailed every international agreement on this issue. Even as the world leaders convene in Paris for a last-chance effort to avert global catastrophe, half of our congress has vowed to defeat any international agreement on these issues.
The United States sits as the biggest obstacle in global plans to save the future of humanity. How should the rest of the world respond?
...
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Assignment 1 Social Impact of Population GrowthThe United N.docx
Assignment 1: Social Impact of Population Growth
The United Nations has hired you to be a consultant on global issues. One of the challenges is assessing the impact of population growth. There is no question that the world population will grow dramatically in the next decade throughout many countries of the world. The members of the UN are working to understand the impact that population growth has on society, specifically in developing countries. Your first project with the UN is to develop a whitepaper on three issues related to the population growth faced by one of these countries. Read the Case Study and provide an assessment based on the questions below.
(For a brief list of resources for this assignment, please see the end of the course guide.)
II.
Overview
Our
obsession with continual economic growth deters us from studying the role that an expanding population plays in global warming.
[1]
About 3 billion years ago, the Earth suffered through a mass extinction caused by catastrophic volcanic activity in Siberia and wildfires that covered the entire planet. Since then, four more extinctions have eradicated up to 80% of all species each time. The world’s climatologists and scientists overwhelmingly agree that we are now on the verge of a sixth mass event that, over the next few tens of thousands of years, will wipe out nearly all living species on Earth — including mankind.
This is not the stuff of science fiction or speculation, but rather the studied view of the people who are most qualified to make this kind of assessment. As anthropologist Richard Leaky, author of
The Sixth Extinction
,[2] wrote in 1995, “
Homo sapiens
might not only be the agent of the sixth extinction, but also risks being one of its victims.”
This brings us to two issues worthy of reflection:
Does the rate at which people are reproducing need to be controlled to save the environment?
To what extent does human population growth impact global warming... and what can be done about it?[3]
The answer to the first is quite simply “yes,” but the solution to the second is more problematic. The damage humans are doing to their climate is ruining the atmosphere surrounding their planet. At the rate this damage is increasing, at some point in the future there will be no atmosphere left to protect life on Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. Compared to other planets in our solar system, Earth has mild temperatures, thanks largely to the protective gases of its atmosphere.
However, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1775), those gases have become stuck in the atmosphere, causing heat radiating from the sun to reflect back to Earth (rather than exiting to space). The result is that oceans have become warmer and glaciers are melting, including parts of Antarctica. If we think of that continent as the stopper in a bottle, its melting away will release all the water it is holding back. This will raise sea levels to uncontrollable lev.
Educ W200 Presentation
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Educ W200 Presentation
The document discusses global warming and is divided into sections on whether it is happening, the causes, prevention plans, and conclusions. It notes that the average global temperature has increased 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit in recent decades, with glaciers and mountain tops melting quicker. The causes include both natural factors like volcanic emissions and solar activity, as well as man-made factors like carbon monoxide and methane gas emissions. Prevention plans recommended include reducing gasoline and oil usage through carpooling and using energy efficient appliances.
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This document discusses the argument that recognizing a human right to a decent environment could help guide policy towards sustainability. It notes that current consumption and production threaten the environment we depend on. While international cooperation on climate change has faced obstacles, recognizing environmental rights may alter how we interact with nature and accommodate natural ethics. However, the rights framework would need to be reconstructed to extend rights to the natural world for this approach to be effective.
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same.docx
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same recurring problem of waste. The main problem with our way of taking care of the waste we create is that we do not use that same waste and recycle it. The reason for this is that people are not being taught about waste disposal correctly. There are many plastic and metals that we throw away that can be recycled but many places, which are responsible for the recycling, don’t take them because there isn’t enough workers to do so. Futhermore waste like apple cores, banana peels all can be recycled and used as fertilizers or a way to create energy known as methane gas, however not enough recycling places do so. The biggest problem, however is that we live in a wasteful time. The idea that we just throw away our things or used products without being responsible for it is not good. We need to be using more recyclable objects and each person is charged on how much they throw away, rather than a flat rate for everyone. With all this waste earth is dying. Animals are losing their homes turning them into landfills. Man and animals cannot live in a world where the waste is just being dumped away. Problems such as pollution, global warming and other will make it harder and harder for us to live. That problem is that people out there don’t care enough to do something about it as they don’t have the knowledge to what this can lead to. I believe more education about waste should be taught and what the damages of poulltion can do to our earth. We see this today with temperatures rising, causing animals not being able to live as these temperatures destroy their habitats. In Cities like los angeles the air is polluted to a point where you can literally see the smog and such over the city. Something has to be done before its too late.
We have the ability to do something about this. And change our enoviroment before its too late and doesn’t just end up being a waste. In years time if we don’t do something about this the problem will be bigger and bigger to the point where we can no longer live on this earth. If we keep "air" pollution up for another 1000 years, we will be sufficated by carbon monoxide. If we keep "water" pollution up, we will die of thirst. If we keep "land" pollution up, we will be buried by our own waste.
Workshop Three Post-Reading Questions
1. Choose one question listed in the handout from each chapter.
2. Write a short essay to answer each question you selected. The essays are to be double spaced and approximately a half to a full page in length each. Many of the questions contain several parts; make sure that you have answered all parts of the question, as well as done any drawings requested.
Chapter 8: The Human Population (Environmental Science)
1. What are the environmental and social consequences of rapid population growth in rural developing areas? In urban developing areas?
2. Describe the negative and positive consequences of affluence on the environment.
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RCEC Email 5.7.03 (b)
The document discusses the upcoming debate on global warming in the US Senate. It notes that several amendments on global warming are expected to be proposed as part of consideration of the Senate Energy Bill. It provides counterarguments to the theory of human-caused global warming, citing analyses questioning the scientific consensus on the causes and impacts of climate change. The document recommends several analyses and studies that are skeptical of the view that human greenhouse gas emissions are the dominant cause of observed global temperature increases.
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ENV 107 - Lecture 4
- 1. What are we going to learn in this lecture? 1 Facebook page link for this class Make-up class date, time and place Date and instruction for the Quiz exam -1 Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the “Commons” The Precautionary Principle Video: President Obama's 2014 UN Climate Summit Speech Lecture 4; MrL
- 2. Facebook link for this section Lecture 4; MrL 2 https://www.facebook.com/groups/71672745845716 6/ Env107_sec38_fall2015
- 3. Make-up class Lecture 4; MrL 3 Date: 10/10/2015 Time: 11am-2pm Place: NAC 210
- 4. Quiz 1: Env 107 (section 38) DATE: 08-09-2015 TIME: NEXT CLASS TIME (PLEASE DON’T BE LATE) PLACE: ROOM NO. NAC 202 SYLLABUS: LEC 1-4 MARKS: 20 NO. OF QUESTIONS: DURATION: QUESTION TYPE: Lecture 4; MrL 4
- 5. Sample questions Environmental Science is….? the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates the interaction of the business components of the environment the integrated study of factors that influence the environment and environmental systems All the above Which one is NOT true about Bangladesh environmental issues? Bangladesh has experienced a stable economic growth during the last decade that has resulted millions of people out of poverty but there are little environmental impacts Poor are the most vulnerable to environmental changes Bangladesh has less resources in natural environment now than pervious There is huge population in Bangladesh Lecture 4; MrL 5
- 6. Sample questions By 2025 what percentage of world population will live in urban areas? 1) 40 % 2) 50 % 3) 67 % 4) 75 % At the global scale, scientific data now indicates that humans are living …………the carrying capacity of planet Earth a) beyond b) less than c) equal to d) similar to Lecture 4; MrL 6
- 7. Please let others (who are absent) know about the exams. My expectation: Anything more to know about Quiz 1? Lecture 4; MrL 7
- 8. Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the “Commons” "Commons" means atmosphere, oceans, rivers, fish stocks, the office refrigerator, or any other shared resource which is not formally regulated. The tragedy of the commons is an economic theory by Garrett Hardin, which states that individuals acting independently and rationally according to each's self-interest behave contrary to the best interests of the whole group by depleting some common resource. Lecture 4; MrL 8
- 9. 1. Congestion caused by driving cars. There are many negative externalities of driving; these include pollution, carbon emissions, and traffic accidents. 2. Uncontrolled human population growth leading to overpopulation which has many negative effects. Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons… Examples Lecture 4; MrL 9 3. Collecting honey, firewood etc. is damaging form the Sundarbans
- 10. What are the Solutions? • Voluntary organization to enforce responsible use? • Governmental regulations? • Declaration of World heritage sites? • Solving commons problems involves two distinct elements: Restricting access, and Creating incentives Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons… Lecture 4; MrL 10
- 11. The Precautionary Principle The “precautionary principle” or “precautionary approach” – is a response to uncertainty, in the face of risks to health or the environment. It involves acting to avoid serious or irreversible potential harm, despite lack of scientific certainty as to the likelihood, magnitude, or causation of that harm. Lecture 4; MrL 11
- 12. Video 12 President Obama's 2014 UN Climate Summit Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWrzXp2uJRM Previously we watched a developing country’s (Bangladesh) environmental issues. Now is about a Developed country’s (USA) environmental (climate change issue) Now your task: What are the climate change related issues in Obama’s speech? Lecture 4; MrL
- 13. Climate change issues in Obama’s speech 13 Climate change is an urgent threat of the century Climate change is not now a future threat it is a present threat More climate change globally and in USA More extreme weather events, more flooding in Miami, more wild fire in the west, drought in farms, hurricane, hardest summer in New York, but global carbon emission is on a rise. So the climate is changing faster. How to address the climate change? Need to adapt to climate change as we cannot avoid Reduction of greenhouse gas emission USA and China are the two major carbon polluters – they have agreed to reduce carbon emission USA has reduced its emission level compare to 2005 and will reduce more in future USA uses more clean energy now All the country need to play their part to reduce carbon emission Developing country would also need to play the role USA will provide technology to developing country to combat climate change Lecture 4; MrL
- 14. References for today’s lecture BOTKIN, D. B. & KELLER, E.A. 2011. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: EARTH AS A LIVING PLANET. JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. If you don’t find in this book read directly from the class note. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_com mons President Obama's 2014 UN Climate Summit Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWrzXp2uJRM 14 Lecture 4; MrL