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University of Raparin
Biology department
About : Diabetes
Prepared by: Bewar Ali & Farhad Muhamad
1
2
Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the
body cannot metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins because of defects in insulin,
Diabetes develops when the Beta cell cannot
produce or use
Insulin , an made in
the pancreas.
3
Diabetes & you
Diabetes currently affects over 246 million people
worldwide and over half of these people are
women.
Already considered an
"epidemic," researchers
expect these rates
to increase to 380 million
by 2025.
4
Diabetes more of women
of men :
• Women generally have the same coronary
heart disease (CHD) risk factors as men.
• Some risk factors may affect women
differently than men.
• birth control pills and menopause ,only affect
women
5
How is Diabetes diagnose ?
6
Types of diabetes
 main types of diabetes:
1. Type 1 diabetes.(10–15 percent of all diabetes)
2. Type 2 diabetes.(85-90 percent of all diabetes)
3. Gestational diabetes.
7
type 1 diabetes
 Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes)
occurs when the body is unable to produce
insulin.
 Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age .
 type 1 diabetes produce insulin only in very
few or even none at all.
8
9
Causes Type 1 diabetes
Genetic Susceptibility
Autoimmune Destruction of Beta Cells
Environmental Factors
Viruses and infections
Sophisticated Life style
Make some hormone attacking the insulin
10
Symptoms of diabetes
11
Complications of type 1 diabetes
Kidney failure
Nerve damage
Blindness
Heart disease
Stroke
foot ulcers – leading to foot or lower leg
amputation.
12
Type 1 Treatment
Delivering Insulin into the Body
1. Syringe
2. Insulin pens
3. Insulin pump
13
Type 2 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes, called (non-insulin-
dependent diabetes) is the most common
form of diabetes
• When the body does not produce
enough insulin or does not use it properly or
efficiently, type 2 diabetes (or insulin-
resistant) develops.
• Typically it develops after age 40.
14
15
Causes of type 2 diabetes
16
Type 2
diabetes
Smoking
High Blood
Pressure
Overweight
Sedentary
Lifestyle
High Fat &
Cholesterol
Level
Genetic
Treatment of type 2 diabetes
• taking tablets
• Insulin injections
17
Gestational diabetes
• Gestational diabetes is diabetes, or high blood
sugar levels, that develops during pregnancy. It
occurs in about 4% of all pregnancies. It is
usually occurs between 20 and 24 weeks of
pregnancy and often occurs in women who
have never had diabetes.
18
Causes of gestational diabetes
The hormonal changes that happen in
pregnancy can cause gestational diabetes.
Being overweight or obese.
Having a history of gestational diabetes.
Having had a baby with a high birth weight
(over 9 pounds).
Having polycystic ovary syndrome .
19
Prevention of gestational
diabetes
• Medical nutrition therapy.
• Getting regular, moderate physical activity.
• Maintaining healthy weight gain.
• Regular blood pressure checks.
20
Other Types of Diabetes
I. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA),
also called type 1.5 diabetes.
II. Diabetes Caused by Genetic Defects of the
Beta Cell.
III. Diseases of the pancreas or conditions that
damage the pancreas, such as pancreatitis and
cystic fibrosis
21
Figure : Incidence of people with insulin-
treated diabetes by diabetes type
, 2000–2009
Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes %10
Type 2 diabetes %77
Gestational diabetes %12
Other diabetes % 1
22
23
Reference
• http://blog.joslin.org
• http://www.medicinenet.com
• http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov
• http://www.mayoclinic.org
• http://www.diabetes.org
• http://www.diabetescare.net
• http://infoaboutdiabetes.com
24
25
Thank you
Please care
Your diabetes

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Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
 

Diabetes

  • 1. University of Raparin Biology department About : Diabetes Prepared by: Bewar Ali & Farhad Muhamad 1
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  • 3. Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins because of defects in insulin, Diabetes develops when the Beta cell cannot produce or use Insulin , an made in the pancreas. 3
  • 4. Diabetes & you Diabetes currently affects over 246 million people worldwide and over half of these people are women. Already considered an "epidemic," researchers expect these rates to increase to 380 million by 2025. 4
  • 5. Diabetes more of women of men : • Women generally have the same coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors as men. • Some risk factors may affect women differently than men. • birth control pills and menopause ,only affect women 5
  • 6. How is Diabetes diagnose ? 6
  • 7. Types of diabetes  main types of diabetes: 1. Type 1 diabetes.(10–15 percent of all diabetes) 2. Type 2 diabetes.(85-90 percent of all diabetes) 3. Gestational diabetes. 7
  • 8. type 1 diabetes  Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes) occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin.  Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age .  type 1 diabetes produce insulin only in very few or even none at all. 8
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  • 10. Causes Type 1 diabetes Genetic Susceptibility Autoimmune Destruction of Beta Cells Environmental Factors Viruses and infections Sophisticated Life style Make some hormone attacking the insulin 10
  • 12. Complications of type 1 diabetes Kidney failure Nerve damage Blindness Heart disease Stroke foot ulcers – leading to foot or lower leg amputation. 12
  • 13. Type 1 Treatment Delivering Insulin into the Body 1. Syringe 2. Insulin pens 3. Insulin pump 13
  • 14. Type 2 diabetes • Type 2 diabetes, called (non-insulin- dependent diabetes) is the most common form of diabetes • When the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use it properly or efficiently, type 2 diabetes (or insulin- resistant) develops. • Typically it develops after age 40. 14
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  • 16. Causes of type 2 diabetes 16 Type 2 diabetes Smoking High Blood Pressure Overweight Sedentary Lifestyle High Fat & Cholesterol Level Genetic
  • 17. Treatment of type 2 diabetes • taking tablets • Insulin injections 17
  • 18. Gestational diabetes • Gestational diabetes is diabetes, or high blood sugar levels, that develops during pregnancy. It occurs in about 4% of all pregnancies. It is usually occurs between 20 and 24 weeks of pregnancy and often occurs in women who have never had diabetes. 18
  • 19. Causes of gestational diabetes The hormonal changes that happen in pregnancy can cause gestational diabetes. Being overweight or obese. Having a history of gestational diabetes. Having had a baby with a high birth weight (over 9 pounds). Having polycystic ovary syndrome . 19
  • 20. Prevention of gestational diabetes • Medical nutrition therapy. • Getting regular, moderate physical activity. • Maintaining healthy weight gain. • Regular blood pressure checks. 20
  • 21. Other Types of Diabetes I. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), also called type 1.5 diabetes. II. Diabetes Caused by Genetic Defects of the Beta Cell. III. Diseases of the pancreas or conditions that damage the pancreas, such as pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis 21
  • 22. Figure : Incidence of people with insulin- treated diabetes by diabetes type , 2000–2009 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes %10 Type 2 diabetes %77 Gestational diabetes %12 Other diabetes % 1 22
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  • 24. Reference • http://blog.joslin.org • http://www.medicinenet.com • http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov • http://www.mayoclinic.org • http://www.diabetes.org • http://www.diabetescare.net • http://infoaboutdiabetes.com 24