This document discusses diabetes mellitus and the role of pharmacists in managing the disease. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 where the body does not produce enough insulin; type 2 where the body produces insulin but cannot use it properly; and gestational diabetes which occurs during pregnancy. Diabetes affects over 1 in 11 people globally and is more lethal than diseases like AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Complications of uncontrolled diabetes can include stroke, amputation, kidney failure, heart attack and blindness. Pharmacists play an important role in diabetes management through educating patients about treatment options like diet, exercise, oral medications and insulin therapy, monitoring blood glucose levels, and counseling on proper use and side effects of drugs.

1. PHARMACIST

2. Diabetes Mellitus
A group of diseases
characterized by high
levels of blood glucose
resulting from defects in
insulin production, insulin
action, or both

3. TYPES
OF
DIABETES
MELLITUS
TYPE-1 DIABETIS MELLITUS
TYPE-2 DIABETIS MELLITUS
GESTATIONAL DIABETIS
Body does not produce
enough insulin
Body produces insulin
but can’t use it well
A temporary condition in
pregnancy

4. After 40 Before 30

5. EVERY
1 PERSON
IN 11
SUFFERS
FROM
DIABETE

6. ITS MORE LETHAL THAN AIDS, TUBERCLOSIS AND MALARIA
Number Of Deaths Due To Various Diseases
5.0 Million
Diabetes
1.5 Million
AIDS
1.5 Million
Tuberculosis
0.6 Million
Malaria

7. According to the Lancet
study, China, India and
USA are among the top
three countries with a high
number of diabetic
population.
India had 69.2 million people living
with diabetes (8.7%) as per the
2015 data. Of these, it remained
undiagnosed in more than 36
million people.

8. Stroke
Amputation
Kidney Failure
Heart Attack
Blindness
DIABETES
can lead to
complications
of many parts
of body

9. ROLE OF
PHARMACIST
Starts
Here

10.  The major components of the treatment of diabetes are:
• Diet and ExerciseA
• Oral hypoglycaemic
therapyB
• Insulin TherapyC
Management of DM

11. Be
on
the
Right
TRACK

12. Diabetes – Oral Medications
6 Classes :
• Sulfonylureas stimulate β cells
• Biguanides improves insulin’s ability to move glucose
• Sulfonylureas and biguanide combination drugs
BOTH
• Thiazolidinediones cells more sensitive to insulin
• Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors Block enzymes that help digest
starches
• Meglitinides stimulate β cells (dependant upon glucose conc.)

13. Insulin therapy
Recent advancement

14. IDENTIFY PERSONS WHO ARE AT A HIGH RISK
Persons Who
Are At High
Risk Of
Developing
Diabetes May
Be
Junk
Foodies
Obese
People
Physically
Inactive
Persons
With
Family
History
Smokers

15. ADVICE PREVENTIONS TO AVOID DIABETES
TO EAT HEALTHY
TO BE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE
TO AVOID EXCESSIVE WEIGHT GAIN

16. MANAGING THE DIABETES
DRUG TREATMENT OR INSULIN THERAPY
REGULAR CHECKUP OF BLOOD GLUCOSE
HEALTHY FOOD AND DAILY EXERCISE

17. CONCLUSION
• Counselling
• Self monitoring of patients
• Side effects of drugs
• Do not self medicate
• Do not miss the dose
Educate the Patient

18. When ‘i’ is replaced By ‘we’
Even
‘illness’
Becomes
‘wellness’

19. REFERENCES
1. Renuka C. P. et.al (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 22590–4.
2. Zoltan V. AND William C. D. (2001) Pharm. Rev. 52, 1-9.
3. Lauge S. et. Al (2003) PNAS 100, 4435-9.
4. Mark R. B. (1997) J. of Clin. Endoc.& Met. 82, 3-7.
5. Gianni C. (1992) FEBS 307, 66-70.
6. Irl B. H., (2001) Clin. Diabetes 19, 146-7.
7. BRUCE W. B. and POUL S. (2001) Diabetes care 24,69-
72.
8. http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/diabetes.html.
References

20. Thank You