This document provides an overview of new trends in investigative journalism, as presented in a lecture by Philip Di Salvo. It discusses how the field of investigative journalism is changing in the digital age, with opportunities arising from access to new data sources, the ability to crowdsource information, and platforms for secure leaking of documents. Key concepts examined include data journalism, crowdsourcing investigations, and the rise of digital whistleblowing sites. Several case studies of innovative investigative journalism organizations and projects are also summarized.
This is the communication campaign plan for The Investigative Reporting Workshop that I've developed as part of my Public Relations Case Studies class.
This is the communication campaign plan for The Investigative Reporting Workshop that I've developed as part of my Public Relations Case Studies class.
Talk on fake news as digital culture given at the Institute for Policy Research symposium on Politics, Fake News and the Post-Truth Era, University of Bath, 14 September 2017.
More about the talk here: http://lilianabounegru.org/2017/09/23/fake-news-in-digital-culture-at-2017-institute-for-policy-research-symposium/
More about the event here: http://www.bath.ac.uk/events/politics-fake-news-and-the-post-truth-era/
Journalists today are faced with an overwhelming abundance of data – from large collections of leaked documents, to public databases about lobbying or government spending, to ‘big data’ from social networks such as Twitter and Facebook. To stay relevant to society journalists are learning to process this data and separate signal from noise in order to provide valuable insights to their readers. This talk will address questions like: What is the potential of data journalism? Why is it relevant to society? And how can you get started?
Fake News, Algorithmic Accountability and the Role of Data Journalism in the ...Liliana Bounegru
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More about the talk can be found here: http://lilianabounegru.org/2017/03/27/fake-news-algorithmic-accountability-data-journalism-post-truth-university-of-cambridge/
More about the workshop can be found here: http://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/events/27130
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"Fake news" and disinformation management is something that is connected to individuals but also to organizations. How do we have to deal with fake news? Are fake news an opportunity for librarians in order to be a main node in society?
Dr Sally Young
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School of Social and Political Sciences,
The University of Melbourne
s.young@unimelb.edu.au
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more info:
http://cmpf.eui.eu/seminars/australia-media-ownership.aspx
Talk on fake news as digital culture given at the Institute for Policy Research symposium on Politics, Fake News and the Post-Truth Era, University of Bath, 14 September 2017.
More about the talk here: http://lilianabounegru.org/2017/09/23/fake-news-in-digital-culture-at-2017-institute-for-policy-research-symposium/
More about the event here: http://www.bath.ac.uk/events/politics-fake-news-and-the-post-truth-era/
Journalists today are faced with an overwhelming abundance of data – from large collections of leaked documents, to public databases about lobbying or government spending, to ‘big data’ from social networks such as Twitter and Facebook. To stay relevant to society journalists are learning to process this data and separate signal from noise in order to provide valuable insights to their readers. This talk will address questions like: What is the potential of data journalism? Why is it relevant to society? And how can you get started?
Fake News, Algorithmic Accountability and the Role of Data Journalism in the ...Liliana Bounegru
Talk given at the workshop 'How Can Public Interest Journalism Hold Algorithms to Account?' at the University of Cambridge on 23 March 2017.
More about the talk can be found here: http://lilianabounegru.org/2017/03/27/fake-news-algorithmic-accountability-data-journalism-post-truth-university-of-cambridge/
More about the workshop can be found here: http://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/events/27130
This is a webinar organised by the Nigerian Library Association, Delta State Chapter, in collaboration with Digital Citizens.
The aim of the webinar is to equip library and information professionals with necessary technologies and strategies needed to play key roles in the dissemination of correct information, and in the information literacy of citizens, in this era of fake news and misinformation.
Lecture to Northwestern London seminar series. It looks at the change in the role of news media in democracy, how the news industry has changed to a more networked system with new publishers and platforms becoming more influential. It examines the rise of fake news and the crisis of trust in news media and how politicians have responded.
"Fake news" and disinformation management is something that is connected to individuals but also to organizations. How do we have to deal with fake news? Are fake news an opportunity for librarians in order to be a main node in society?
Dr Sally Young
Associate Professor and Reader,
School of Social and Political Sciences,
The University of Melbourne
s.young@unimelb.edu.au
For an international audience, Australia is a case-study of what can go wrong in media policy-making and why media ownership concentration – including in the newspaper industry - still matters despite the rise of the internet and online news outlets.
more info:
http://cmpf.eui.eu/seminars/australia-media-ownership.aspx
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http://cmpf.eui.eu/seminars/whistle-blowing.aspx
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Prof. Dr. Peggy Valcke (KU Leuven, ICRI - IBBT)
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Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom; DEMOS
Institute; Open Society Foundations; UNESCO
European University Institute, 27 March 2012
http://cmpf.eui.eu/events/combating-hate-speech.aspx
Giovanni Sartor
EUI - European University Institute of Florence
CIRSFID - Faculty of law, University of Bologna
March 26, 2012
The term ‘whistleblowing’ is sometimes confused with the need to report safeguarding or professional concerns about another member of staff or adult in the school. Whistleblowing is about systemic or procedural failures and is not only confined to issues about staff conduct.
The connecting machine. Librarians' mission after the Fourth revolutionMatilde Fontanin
Presentation given at the IFLA Reference and Information Services Section virtual event: Enabling information ethics in a technologically saturated world - 7 Oct 2020 -
https://www.ifla.org/ES/node/93288
We are made of information, it shapes our lives and reality. After the Fourth revolution (Floridi, 2014) our self is moulded also by data, much involuntarily generated when we use technology.
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El análisis ofrece una visión general del estado del periodismo de datos en 2017 y destaca los retos clave para que el campo avance.
Algunas conclusiones:
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- El 33% de los periodistas usan datos para historias políticas, seguidos por 28% para finanzas y economía y 25% por historias enmarcadas en el periodismo de investigación.
Informe de Google Labs y PolizyViz (ENG) para averiguar cómo utilizan los periodistas los datos a la hora de redactar las informaciones.
Es el resultado de realizar 56 entrevistas en profundidad a responsables, expertos en visualización de datos, periodistas de datos y vídeoperiodistas de EEUU, Alemania, Francia y Gran Bretaña. Además, se hizo una encuesta cuantitativa a más de 900 periodistas y editores.
Página web: https://newslab.withgoogle.com/assets/docs/data-journalism-in-2017.pdf
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Di salvo investigative_slides_final
1. New Trends in Investigative Journalism
Philip Di Salvo, PhD Candidate
“Freedom and Pluralism of Traditional and New Media”
European University Institute, Firenze
June 5th 2014
phildisa@gmail.com
@philipdisalvo
2. Me:
• PhD Candidate at Università della Svizzera italiana
(Lugano, Switzerland)
• Italian Web Editor of the European Journalism Observatory
http://it.ejo.ch/
• Freelance Journalist for the Italian Wired
• Research field: digital whistlebowing, WikiLeaks, digital and
investigative journalism, data journalism
4. Lecture Outline:
First Part (40 mins)
• Theoretical introduction, digital trends and issues
• Selected Case Studies:
The BIJ, The Intercept, Brown Moses
Second Part (40 mins)
• Digital whistleblowing, trends and issues
• Selected Case Studies:
BalkanLeaks, PubLeaks, Die Zeit – Briefkasten, GlobaLeaks
Q&A
Interactive Session
5. Investigative Journalism, Towards
A Definition:
«An investigative journalist is a man or woman whose profession is to discover the
truth and to identify lapes from it in whatever media may be availale»
(de Burgh, 2000)
«The investigative journalist’s intent usually embraces the need to (justifiably)
defame some person or organization to expose a scandal and/or speed up
institutional or legislative reform»
(Franklin et. Al., 2005)
Main focus:
• Discover / identify
• (Justifiably) Defame / Expose
6. Investigative Journalism,
Characteristics and Peculiarities - I:
News or «analytical» Journalism:
• Descriptive
• Accurate, explanatory
• Reconfiguration of data available
• Conventionally accepted sources, providers of the news agenda
• Newsworthiness as principle
(de Burgh, 2000)
7. Investigative Journalism,
Characteristics and Peculiarities - II:
Investigative Journalism:
• To find truth where truth is obscure
• Raise awareness on something we’re not hearing about
• Significance > journalist’s own definition & moral sense
• Research is «dispassionately» evidential
• Public interest / Fourth Estate
• Methods
> From “monitoring” to “identifying the truth”
(de Burgh, 2000)
8. Investigative Journalism
is Research:
And as a research, it has its own methodology:
• Completing
• Verifying
• Reconstructing
• Step-by-step research
• _______
• Investigative journalism
(Haller, 2004)
9. Offline Investigative Journalism
The Pentagon Papers:
• Major whistleblowing case
• «High-power media and
high-power sources» case
(Reese, 1991)
• The triumph of the First Amendment
and of the media as «watchdogs»
10. Offline Investigative Journalism
The Watergate Scoop:
• Archetype of
investigative/adversarial
journalism
• «High-power media and
high-power sources» case
(Reese, 1991)
• The «Watergate myth»
11. The «Watergate Myth» and
the Rise of «Contextual Journalism»:
• Research on the New York Times, the Washington Post and the The Milwaukee
Journal Sentinel
• 1955-2003 period
• Journalists have presented themselves in a more and more «agressive» way
• Investigative reporting stays «rare»
• «Contextual reporting» grows > from 8% (1955) to 40% (2003)
• Articles «just the facts» decrease from 80% (1955) to 2003 (2003)
• Cultural change happened already during the 60’s
(Fink and Schudson, 2013, as quoted in Nazhmidinova, 2013)
13. A Changing Context
for Investigative Journalism - I:
Some issues are effecting Investigative journalism and journalism at large:
• Crisis in the journalism sector and «market drive» journalism
• Media Ownership and control / new gatekeepers, also digital
• More information circulating from PR departments and governments
• Attacks against journalists and their sources, «war on journalism»
15. A Changing Context
for Investigative Journalism - II:
Here comes the Internet:
• Access to a wider range and number of sources
• Potential of digital technologies and formats
• Citizen and networked journalism
• New storytelling languages and formats
• Global forum of discussion
• Journalism is more a «process» than a «product» (Beckett, 2008)
16. A Changing Context
for Investigative Journalism - III:
(Bowman and Willis, 2005)
A new «networked»
environment for journalism
18. Doing Investigative Journalism
on the Internet :
Three raising concepts in Investigative Journalism:
• Data:
Data Journalism, Data Visualization, Computer-Assisted Reporting
Case Study: The Bureau of Investigative Journalism
• Crowd
• Leak
19. Doing Investigative Journalism
on the Internet :
Three raising concepts in Investigative Journalism:
• Data:
Data Journalism, Data Visualization, Computer-Assisted Reporting
Case Study: The Bureau of Investigative Journalism
• Crowd
Crowdsourcing, Crowdfunding, Social Media
Case Study: ProPublica, Brown Moses
• Leak
20. Doing Investigative Journalism
on the Internet :
Three raising concepts in Investigative Journalism:
• Data:
Data Journalism, Data Visualization, Computer-Assisted Reporting
Case Study: The Bureau of Investigative Journalism
• Crowd
Crowdsourcing, Crowdfunding, Social Media
Case Study: ProPublica, Brown Moses
• Leak
Digital whistleblowing, cryptology, source protection
Case Studies: The Intercept
21. Data:
The Bureau of Investigative
Journalism:
• Uk, 2010, City University London
• http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/
• Start-Up fund by The david & Elaine Potter Foundation
• Partnerships with major media
• Creative Commons publications
• Big areas of investigation
• Major investigations:
- Lobbying’s Hidden Influence
- Covert Drone War
- Deaths in Police Custody
- UK’s housing crisis (2013)
22. Data:
The Bureau of Investigative
Journalism – Drone Strikes
in Pakistan:
• Dataset of ten years of drone strikes in Pakistan > Evidence of 383 strikes
• Sources: leaked documents (incl. WikiLeaks), media sources, existing research,
evidence from legal trials
• Partnership with Forensic Architecture and Situ Research
• Online interactive map:
http://wherethedronesstrike.com
23. Crowd:
ProPublica:
• USA, 2008
• Independent and non-profit newsroom
• Initial funding by the Sandler Foundation (10 million dollar)
• Business model: donation and crowdfunding, Data Store
• Two Pulitzer Prizes, 2010 (Investigative Reporting) and 2011 (National
Reporting)
Major Investigations:
- Guns Control in the USA
- NSA/Snowden Files
- The Deadly Choices at Memorial
24. Crowd:
ProPublica – Engagement
Editor:
• Engagement Editor: Amanda Zamora
• «To find new strategies of contact with our public to expand our journalism»
• To engage readers into ProPublica stories
• Crowdsourcing: surveys to get data or direct engagement of readers for fact-
checking etc.
• Use of comments: stimulating conversations with questions
What’s Your Worker Safety Story?
http://voicesofworkersafety.tumblr.com/
25. Crowd:
Brown Moses blog:
• Eliot Higgins, 2012
• http://brown-moses.blogspot.ch/
• Non-professional journalism, no training
• Accurate fact-checking of weapons used in Syria and elsewhere
• Use of the crowd to attrack information about videos and pictures
• Source for: AP, NYTimes, CNN, BBC
• Crowdfunding on IndieGogo (2013)
• Networked and open journalism
26. Leak:
The Intercept:
• First publication of First Look Meda, February 2014
• https://firstlook.org/theintercept/
• Pierre Omidyar (eBay) > funding
• Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras and Jeremy Scahill as editors
• Focus on investigations over Snowden’s files
• Adversarial journalism > impose transparency and accountability
• Publication of documents on which articles are based on
27. Leak:
The Intercept - SOMALGET:
• Publication of a NSA program
• « Virtually every cell phone conversation on the island nation of Bahamas »
• Files provided by Snowden
• 5 countries involved
• Nation « X » > clash with WikiLeaks
• Redactions
30. Whistleblowing,
Characteristics:!
• An individual act with the intention of making information public
• The information is conveyed to parties outside the organization who
make it public and a part of the public record
• The information has to do with possible or actual nontrivial wrongdoing in
an organization
• The person exposing the agency is not a journalist or ordinary citizen, but
a member or former member of the organization
(Johnson, 2003)#
“As of today, I wouldn’t have waited that long. I would have
gotten a scanner and put them on the Internet” !
(Daniel Ellsberg, as quoted in Cohen, 2010)#
31. Whistleblowing!
Pre-Conditions:!
• Value: News Content!
• Compatibility: Format!
• Comprehension: Simplification of information vs. unreadable dataset!
(Fung, Graham, Weil, 2007)#
The need of a «bridge »:!
“WikiLeaks can be defined as "bridge ONG". WikiLeaks orders and makes
more accessible documents submitted by individuals. […] The organization
aims to facilitate circulation of information by guarantying protection to those
who offer it and control over truthfulness of documents: the result is a
meeting place where two different interests WikiLeaks can't necessarily
comprehend. For this reason, more than a journalistic organization or "the
future of journalism", it is correct to consider WL as a bridge over the Web”#
(Valeriani, 2011)#
32. WikiLeaks Phases and Wb
Models:!
• WiKiLeaks as a journalistic source:
(Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedures)
• WikiLeaks as a content producer:
(«Collateral Murder» video)#
• WikiLeaks as a Bridge/Partner :
(The Afghan War Logs, Iraq War Logs, Cablegate, The GI Files, The Syria
Files)#
33. Whistleblowing Mediators in
the Digital Age - I:!
• Journalistic Source:
Document are posted on whistleblowing platforms/websites in their
original shape. They are disclosed to public attention on the Internet and
media can pick them up
BalkanLeaks
• Content Producer:
A whistleblowing/investigating group (no proper media organization)
receives documents and starts working on them for publication.
Journalistic stories or other content is published
Offshore Leaks
We Fight Censorship
34. Whistleblowing Mediators in
the Digital Age - II:!
• Partnership:
Documents are uploaded to a “bridge” organization which collaborate
with journalistic media to work on content
• The Associated Whistleblowing Press
Iceland, International, Spain (2004)#
• OpenLeaks#
• Source to Media/The Ellsberg Model:
Source gets in touch with the media or journalists without any “bridge”
NSA/Snowden Scandal #
36. Case Study:
BalkanLeaks.eu!
• Reception and publication of Balkans-related
documents#
• SecureDrop #
• Bivol.bg, Atanas Tchobanov and Assen Yordanov#
• Focus on editing and verification #
• Successful case: Major Scoops:
List of people involved in the secret police in the
Communist Era
Funding and Accountability:#
• «Public money and foundations»#
• Private donation#
• Financial Transparency#
37. Case Study:
PubLeaks!
• First Dutch Wb Platform
• “Multi-stakeholder Wb model”
• 42 partners involved
• PubLeaks foundation > Accountability
• Training for journalists
• Regulation
• GlobaLeaks open source technology
• Stress on source’s decision
38. Case Study:
Briefkasten – Die Zeit!
• Launched in 2012
• Open source platfrom:
http://github.com/ZeitOnline/briefkasten
• Interesting case of “in house” wb platform
• Strong accountability
• Team of professional journalists
41. Interactive session:!
Group 1:
Propose and outline a possible whistleblowing platfrom using GlobaLeaks
technology
Group 2:
The Country “X” Case and the Greenwald vs. WikiLeaks case
Group 3:
Funding investigative journalism – Crowd or big donors?
Group 4:
The power of the crowd > how to engage readers into investigation?
Discussion
42. References:
• Beckett, C. (2008). SuperMedia. Save Journalism so It Can Save the World. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.#
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