Presentation by Ula Furgal at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Anna Herold at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Bernd Holznagel at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Damian Tambini at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Christian D'Cunha at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Federica Casarosa at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
A presentation by Pier Luigi Parcu on Artificial Intelligence, elections, media pluralism and media freedom at the European Artificial Intelligence Observatory April 2, 2019
Presentation by Anna Herold at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Bernd Holznagel at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Damian Tambini at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Christian D'Cunha at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Federica Casarosa at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
A presentation by Pier Luigi Parcu on Artificial Intelligence, elections, media pluralism and media freedom at the European Artificial Intelligence Observatory April 2, 2019
A presentation from Urska Umek at the Council of Europe on the Online and offline threats to media pluralism. Presented at the 2018 CMPF conference, Measuring Media Pluralism in Europe - Between Old Risks and New Threats.
This document discusses media pluralism in Central and Eastern Europe based on a presentation by Dr. Václav Štětka. It finds that many countries in the region have seen declines in media freedom and pluralism in recent years. Common issues include high concentration of media ownership, lack of transparency, political influence over public media, and threats to editorial independence. Countries like Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic are highlighted as having particularly concerning trends, such as political takeovers of public media and attempts to control independent outlets. Overall, illiberal populism is seen as a threat to journalists and trust in news media in the region. The document calls for the EU to do more to protect media pluralism and independence.
Presentation from Lubos Kuklis of ERGA (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services).
Presented at the 2018 CMPF Conference "Monitoring Media Pluralism - Between Old Risks and New Threats,"
1) Economic consolidation in the digital advertising market poses a threat to media plurality as a small number of large tech companies like Google and Facebook dominate online advertising revenue.
2) Technological changes introduced by digital platforms could threaten quality of information by reducing the diversity of news sources and enabling the spread of disinformation.
3) The MPM 2020 project aims to update the existing Media Pluralism Monitor to better assess new digital-age risks to media plurality from factors like social media microtargeting, algorithmic news personalization, and filter bubbles.
UNESCO has developed the Internet Universality Indicators (IUIs) framework to assess national internet development environments. The IUIs are based on principles of Rights, Openness, Accessibility, and Multistakeholder participation. There are 303 indicators across 5 categories and 124 questions. The IUIs were endorsed by UNESCO's International Programme for the Development of Communication in 2018 to be used voluntarily by member states and stakeholders to conduct national internet assessments.
This document discusses plans to develop a "Big Open Legal Data" (BOLD) vision and platform by 2020. It would build on existing EU legal data systems like EUR-Lex and involve launching an EU legal social network and open access legal journal hub. The document outlines presentations given at the LAPSI2 conference, including discussing past efforts to increase free access to law, developing large online legal datasets, and case studies examining barriers to open access in the EU, Netherlands, UK and Austria. It argues the EU legal system is uniquely multilingual and its law has influenced national legislation, serving as an example for free access.
Snezana Trpevska - Content Regulation and Censorship – What is the Difference?Metamorphosis
This document discusses the differences between content regulation and censorship for various media like television, radio, print, and the internet. It explains that television and radio are traditionally subject to the strongest content regulation through broadcast laws, while print media is regulated more through laws around libel and copyright. Internet content faces the smallest direct regulation. The document also explores approaches to regulating internet content, challenges involved due to the internet's nature, and categories of content countries attempt to restrict, like hate speech, pornography, or piracy.
The power point presentation of the lecture held by Professor Giovanni Maria Riccio on "Social Networks and Civil Liability" at the International Summer School on Cyber Law which took place in Moscow June 30 - July 4, 2014.
Future Research on Convergence and Social Media Oles Kulchytskyy
The information about global media discourses on social media regulation is prepared by the team of the COMPACT project (http://compact-media.eu/).
COMPACT is a Coordination and Support Action funded European Commission under framework Horizon 2020.
The objective of the COMPACT project is to increase awareness (including scientific, political, cultural, legal, economic and technical areas) of the latest technological discoveries among key stakeholders in the context of social media and convergence. The project will offer analyses and road maps of related initiatives. In addition, extensive research on policies and regulatory frameworks in media and content will be developed.
The document summarizes the campaign by Armenian NGOs against amendments to the country's NGO law proposed in 2009. It describes how over 300 organizations were mobilized in opposition after the proposal was discovered. The campaign gained momentum through 2009 and 2010 with analysis and statements from OSCE and others. Ultimately the Minister of Justice was fired and a Deputy resigned, and in 2011 the Civil Society Initiative reached an agreement with the Ministry of Justice on the issue. The document concludes with lessons learned around accountability, recognition of CSO roles, and the importance of an enabling environment for civil society organizations.
Media law for community journalists and bloggersjtownend
A presentation given to participants at the Community Journalism Conference, Cardiff University, 16 January 2013, setting out the legal landscape for online publishers and asking for responses to a survey
Presentation by Gabriela Jacomella at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
What is an Information Society
Why are Information Policies needed
What is an Information Policy
Elements of Information Policy
Who has Information Policies
E-Inclusion
Life Long Learning
E-Business strategies
Infrasture – physical (broadband/e-fibre)
Infrastructure – political / Legal and regulatory
Copyright, Intellectual Property, Data Protection, Freedom of Information
Regulation of Domain Name Spaces ( .ie)
E-government
Information Policy in Ireland
1º Palestra sobre Proteção de Dados PessoaisIBE_USP
This document summarizes key aspects of privacy and data protection law in the EU and discusses ongoing reforms.
It outlines the context of increasing data collection and use with digital technologies. EU law establishes privacy and data protection as fundamental rights. The EU Data Protection Directive of 1995 set rules for processing personal data, including rights for individuals.
Reforms aim to strengthen these protections in the interconnected modern context by making regulations more consistent, clarifying international transfer rules with tools like adequacy assessments and binding corporate rules, and increasing accountability and enforcement for data controllers. The reforms seek to ensure privacy protections can continue adapting to new technologies and data uses.
The UK Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) was adopted in 2000 and fully implemented in 2005 across all UK public authorities simultaneously. This led to initial problems with delays in responding to requests and a backlog of complaints. However, civil society played an important role in advocating for the FOIA and ensuring its proper implementation through public awareness campaigns, media involvement, lobbying politicians, and being prepared to support litigation. Lessons learned included capitalizing on political opportunities, cultivating support from key officials, and linking FOI principles to issues that engaged the public.
Influence of the Internet on Communication and Journalism standards.Jeneil McDonald
Journalists of traditional media feared the impact of the internet on established journalistic standards in four main ways:
1. Accessibility and speed of information distribution online threatened the standard of accuracy by making it difficult for journalists to maintain their role as gatekeepers of verified information.
2. The ability of online media to incorporate different media types appealed more to audiences, threatening the attention and trust traditionally given to journalists.
3. The internet allowed users to provide direct feedback and counterarguments to published content, threatening the standards of transparency and fairness by giving consumers a voice in content oversight.
4. A lack of guarantees around the professional qualifications of all online publishers threatened the integrity and professional responsibility
A presentation from Urska Umek at the Council of Europe on the Online and offline threats to media pluralism. Presented at the 2018 CMPF conference, Measuring Media Pluralism in Europe - Between Old Risks and New Threats.
This document discusses media pluralism in Central and Eastern Europe based on a presentation by Dr. Václav Štětka. It finds that many countries in the region have seen declines in media freedom and pluralism in recent years. Common issues include high concentration of media ownership, lack of transparency, political influence over public media, and threats to editorial independence. Countries like Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic are highlighted as having particularly concerning trends, such as political takeovers of public media and attempts to control independent outlets. Overall, illiberal populism is seen as a threat to journalists and trust in news media in the region. The document calls for the EU to do more to protect media pluralism and independence.
Presentation from Lubos Kuklis of ERGA (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services).
Presented at the 2018 CMPF Conference "Monitoring Media Pluralism - Between Old Risks and New Threats,"
1) Economic consolidation in the digital advertising market poses a threat to media plurality as a small number of large tech companies like Google and Facebook dominate online advertising revenue.
2) Technological changes introduced by digital platforms could threaten quality of information by reducing the diversity of news sources and enabling the spread of disinformation.
3) The MPM 2020 project aims to update the existing Media Pluralism Monitor to better assess new digital-age risks to media plurality from factors like social media microtargeting, algorithmic news personalization, and filter bubbles.
UNESCO has developed the Internet Universality Indicators (IUIs) framework to assess national internet development environments. The IUIs are based on principles of Rights, Openness, Accessibility, and Multistakeholder participation. There are 303 indicators across 5 categories and 124 questions. The IUIs were endorsed by UNESCO's International Programme for the Development of Communication in 2018 to be used voluntarily by member states and stakeholders to conduct national internet assessments.
This document discusses plans to develop a "Big Open Legal Data" (BOLD) vision and platform by 2020. It would build on existing EU legal data systems like EUR-Lex and involve launching an EU legal social network and open access legal journal hub. The document outlines presentations given at the LAPSI2 conference, including discussing past efforts to increase free access to law, developing large online legal datasets, and case studies examining barriers to open access in the EU, Netherlands, UK and Austria. It argues the EU legal system is uniquely multilingual and its law has influenced national legislation, serving as an example for free access.
Snezana Trpevska - Content Regulation and Censorship – What is the Difference?Metamorphosis
This document discusses the differences between content regulation and censorship for various media like television, radio, print, and the internet. It explains that television and radio are traditionally subject to the strongest content regulation through broadcast laws, while print media is regulated more through laws around libel and copyright. Internet content faces the smallest direct regulation. The document also explores approaches to regulating internet content, challenges involved due to the internet's nature, and categories of content countries attempt to restrict, like hate speech, pornography, or piracy.
The power point presentation of the lecture held by Professor Giovanni Maria Riccio on "Social Networks and Civil Liability" at the International Summer School on Cyber Law which took place in Moscow June 30 - July 4, 2014.
Future Research on Convergence and Social Media Oles Kulchytskyy
The information about global media discourses on social media regulation is prepared by the team of the COMPACT project (http://compact-media.eu/).
COMPACT is a Coordination and Support Action funded European Commission under framework Horizon 2020.
The objective of the COMPACT project is to increase awareness (including scientific, political, cultural, legal, economic and technical areas) of the latest technological discoveries among key stakeholders in the context of social media and convergence. The project will offer analyses and road maps of related initiatives. In addition, extensive research on policies and regulatory frameworks in media and content will be developed.
The document summarizes the campaign by Armenian NGOs against amendments to the country's NGO law proposed in 2009. It describes how over 300 organizations were mobilized in opposition after the proposal was discovered. The campaign gained momentum through 2009 and 2010 with analysis and statements from OSCE and others. Ultimately the Minister of Justice was fired and a Deputy resigned, and in 2011 the Civil Society Initiative reached an agreement with the Ministry of Justice on the issue. The document concludes with lessons learned around accountability, recognition of CSO roles, and the importance of an enabling environment for civil society organizations.
Media law for community journalists and bloggersjtownend
A presentation given to participants at the Community Journalism Conference, Cardiff University, 16 January 2013, setting out the legal landscape for online publishers and asking for responses to a survey
Presentation by Gabriela Jacomella at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
What is an Information Society
Why are Information Policies needed
What is an Information Policy
Elements of Information Policy
Who has Information Policies
E-Inclusion
Life Long Learning
E-Business strategies
Infrasture – physical (broadband/e-fibre)
Infrastructure – political / Legal and regulatory
Copyright, Intellectual Property, Data Protection, Freedom of Information
Regulation of Domain Name Spaces ( .ie)
E-government
Information Policy in Ireland
1º Palestra sobre Proteção de Dados PessoaisIBE_USP
This document summarizes key aspects of privacy and data protection law in the EU and discusses ongoing reforms.
It outlines the context of increasing data collection and use with digital technologies. EU law establishes privacy and data protection as fundamental rights. The EU Data Protection Directive of 1995 set rules for processing personal data, including rights for individuals.
Reforms aim to strengthen these protections in the interconnected modern context by making regulations more consistent, clarifying international transfer rules with tools like adequacy assessments and binding corporate rules, and increasing accountability and enforcement for data controllers. The reforms seek to ensure privacy protections can continue adapting to new technologies and data uses.
The UK Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) was adopted in 2000 and fully implemented in 2005 across all UK public authorities simultaneously. This led to initial problems with delays in responding to requests and a backlog of complaints. However, civil society played an important role in advocating for the FOIA and ensuring its proper implementation through public awareness campaigns, media involvement, lobbying politicians, and being prepared to support litigation. Lessons learned included capitalizing on political opportunities, cultivating support from key officials, and linking FOI principles to issues that engaged the public.
Influence of the Internet on Communication and Journalism standards.Jeneil McDonald
Journalists of traditional media feared the impact of the internet on established journalistic standards in four main ways:
1. Accessibility and speed of information distribution online threatened the standard of accuracy by making it difficult for journalists to maintain their role as gatekeepers of verified information.
2. The ability of online media to incorporate different media types appealed more to audiences, threatening the attention and trust traditionally given to journalists.
3. The internet allowed users to provide direct feedback and counterarguments to published content, threatening the standards of transparency and fairness by giving consumers a voice in content oversight.
4. A lack of guarantees around the professional qualifications of all online publishers threatened the integrity and professional responsibility
School of rocking copyright 2017 in Lisbon centrumcyfrowe
The document discusses copyright reform in the European Union, outlining the current problems with copyright law, the proposals from the European Commission, and recommendations from education advocates. It analyzes proposals around exceptions for education and text and data mining, as well as a new neighboring right for publishers. Overall, it argues the Commission's proposals do not go far enough to modernize copyright for uses like education across the EU.
A Study on Contemporary Technical Trends of Web Journalism
Be it an academic scholar or a professional aspirant, anybody who want to be
successful or achieve excellence in the field of web journalism should keep track of the changing
processes and practices that the online world is going through. With this
dissertation paper I have tried to sketch out the whole idea and process of Online
Journalism in the current context, and shed light on some contemporary technological
trends. With this I have also explored online media habits of
the audience. I feel this work of mine will help those scholars to conduct more
detailed research on emerging issues of web journalism & also expect aspiring
web journalists to get benefitted from this.
Department of Journalism & Mass Communication
West Bengal State University
Semester: 3 Session: 2013-2015
Reg No. 002017-2013
Paper: Communication Research
#AkashCreations
Survey of Semantic Media Annotation Tools - towards New Media Applications wi...LinkedTV
Semantic annotation of media resources has been a focus in research since many years, the closing of the "semantic gap" being seen as key to signicant improvements in media retrieval and browsing and
enabling new media applications and services. However, current tools and services exhibit varied approaches which do not easily integrate and
act as a barrier to wider uptake of semantic annotation of online multimedia.
In this paper, we outline the Linked Media principles which can help form a consensus on media annotation approaches, survey current media annotation tools against these principles and present two emerging
toolsets which can support Linked Media conformant annotation, closing with a call to future semantic media annotation tools and services to follow the same principles and ensure the growth of a Linked Media
layer of semantic descriptions of online media which can be an enabler to richer future online media services.
History of Internet
Give a convincing definition of online journalism
Explain the forms of online journalism
Explain why traditional media outlets are moving online
Exploring new media outlets e.g citizen journalism, backpack journalism
Online multimedia journalism is the process of combining text, images, sound, videos and graphics, to tell an interesting story with the use of the new technologies and internet.
State of the art research on Convergence and Social Media A Compendium on R&D...Oles Kulchytskyy
The information is prepared by the team of the COMPACT project (http://compact-media.eu/).
COMPACT is a Coordination and Support Action funded European Commission under framework Horizon 2020.
The objective of the COMPACT project is to increase awareness (including scientific, political, cultural, legal, economic and technical areas) of the latest technological discoveries among key stakeholders in the context of social media and convergence. The project will offer analyses and road maps of related initiatives. In addition, extensive research on policies and regulatory frameworks in media and content will be developed.
eCommunication: The 10 Paradigms of Media in the Digital Age by Jose Luis Orihuela. II A20 COST Conference: Towards New Media Paradigms. Content, Producers, Organizations and Audiences (Pamplona, 27-28 de junio de 2003). Published in: Towards New Media Paradigms: Content, Producers, Organisations and Audiences, Ediciones Eunate, Pamplona, 2004, pp. 129-135.
Marsden regulating disinformation Brazil 2020Chris Marsden
This document discusses regulatory options for addressing disinformation and summarizes the key points from a seminar on the topic. It defines disinformation and distinguishes it from misinformation. It examines the challenges around regulating online content, including defining hard evidence of harm, determining what media is most influential, and the limitations of using AI/automated tools. It outlines a typology of regulatory approaches and sources that were consulted in the research. Finally, it provides five recommendations for the EU, emphasizing media literacy, human review of automated content moderation, independent appeals of platform decisions, standardizing procedures, and transparency of AI techniques.
The document discusses the digital newsroom and whether it presents an opportunity or threat to traditional journalism. It analyzes several forms of new media that have evolved, including citizen journalism using tools like YouTube, social networking on Twitter and Facebook, blogging, video journalism, process journalism, distributed and backpack journalism. These new forms allow instant access to news but may endanger quality for speed and reduce the role of professional journalists. The document also discusses challenges for print journalism in adapting to online and argues new media gives audiences more choice in news sources.
Gatekeeping, Gatewatching, Real-Time Feedback: New Challenges for JournalismAxel Bruns
Gatekeeping and journalism are changing due to information abundance online. Traditional gatekeeping roles are declining as audiences can access information from many sources and bypass mainstream media. Gatewatching describes active audiences who share information and comment on news. Real-time media has accelerated news cycles through constant social media updates. This challenges journalism but also creates opportunities to engage audiences through specialization, curation, and facilitation. Collaborative "produsage" involving both journalists and audiences may lead to new forms of open, participatory journalism.
Our FutureTDM workshop at the European Parliament focus at the development of TDM policy. With EU copyright reform now in progress, we bring together policy makers and stakeholder groups so that we can share FutureTDM’s findings and our first expert driven policy recommendations that can help increase EU TDM.
This document provides an overview of user, market, and policy research conducted at IBBT. The research aims to explore the social, economic, cultural, and political dimensions of the information society through interdisciplinary studies. Key areas of focus include user empowerment, market assessment, policy impact analysis, and contributing to an empowering knowledge society. Research approaches include living lab experiments, prospective studies, and methodological development. Example projects examine areas like media, health, culture, and future networks through assessments of user experiences, business models, and policy challenges in an open innovation spirit.
The document discusses the challenges of applying traditional copyright laws to the digital world. It notes that digital technologies allow for near-zero copying and distribution costs, which is incompatible with centralized control of copying. New rules are needed to address issues like maximizing access to and use of content while still supporting content creators. However, determining these new rules raises difficult questions around topics like privacy, censorship, accessibility, and balancing the interests of content providers, distributors, and consumers.
Social media has significantly impacted journalism in several ways. It has allowed for immediate global reach of information as well as constant interaction between journalists and audiences. This has democratized the field and given audiences a bigger voice, but has also raised issues around verifying information and differentiating between citizen and professional journalism. Going forward, journalists will likely take on more of a curating role, researching, interviewing, and promoting high quality content while leveraging social media tools and crowdsourcing to provide real-time coverage and tell stories.
The document discusses copyright and its alternatives in the digital age. It analyzes how copyright has evolved over time and needs to adapt to changes brought by digital technologies. Alternatives like Creative Commons and Copyleft licenses provide more flexible options between full copyright and public domain by allowing authors to specify how their works can be used and shared. A new copyright model is needed that balances incentives for creation with access to information in the digital context.
Similar to Press publishers’right: expanding copyright on news and information on the internet (20)
This document provides an overview of polls and discusses several key concepts related to interpreting and reporting on polls. It notes that polling error can be expected to be around 2-2.2 percentage points on average and discusses how to identify reliable polls based on factors like the source, sample size, and methodology. It also explains important polling concepts like margins of error, confidence intervals, and how a poll of polls can provide a more accurate picture than any single poll.
Presentation by Luc Steinberg at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Samantha Bradshaw at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Wessel Reijers at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
This document outlines the program for a conference on monitoring media pluralism in Europe. It discusses the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM), which has assessed media pluralism in EU countries and others since 2014. The MPM uses a comprehensive questionnaire across four areas and 20 indicators to evaluate 200 variables from primary and secondary sources. It analyzes different types of legacy and digital media. A risk-based approach uses a traffic light system to indicate the level of risk to media pluralism in each country.
A presentation from CMPF Director Pier Luigi Parcu, explaining the method behind the Media Pluralism Monitor at the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom.
The document discusses a case study on using Twitter to disseminate the results of the 2015 Media Pluralism Monitor. It describes sorting 350 relevant contacts by country or area, tweeting them targeted messages about checking the Monitor's results. It also discusses using images in tweets to boost engagement and retweets, and analyzing website visits and newsletter signups from the outreach efforts. The goal was to effectively communicate research findings about media freedom risks across Europe.
This document discusses the pilot implementation of the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) in 2013-2014. It summarizes the goals of simplifying and updating the MPM, testing it in selected EU member states, and improving it based on the testing. It describes conducting the pilot in 9 countries through a network of local institutions. The results were used to refine the MPM for further testing in 2015 across more countries.
Update and pilot implementation of the media pluralism monitor (MPM2014): Conclusions and recommendations for future implementations
Principles of simplification
http://monitor.cmpf.eui.eu/
Dr Sally Young
Associate Professor and Reader,
School of Social and Political Sciences,
The University of Melbourne
s.young@unimelb.edu.au
For an international audience, Australia is a case-study of what can go wrong in media policy-making and why media ownership concentration – including in the newspaper industry - still matters despite the rise of the internet and online news outlets.
more info:
http://cmpf.eui.eu/seminars/australia-media-ownership.aspx
This document discusses the importance of transparency in media ownership for democracy. It argues that mandatory reporting requirements are needed to identify the beneficial and ultimate owners of media outlets. Such requirements should apply to broadcast, print, and online media and collect basic information on ownership structure, financial accounts, and interests in other organizations. Media regulators should collect this information and make it publicly available to ensure transparency and prevent undue concentration of media ownership and political influence. Adopting clear rules and standards on ownership transparency is crucial to guarantee media pluralism.
This document discusses media markets and the internet. It describes media markets as two-sided markets with network externalities. The internet value chain is explained, along with competitive structures in web markets and characteristics like direct, cross-side, and indirect network effects that can lead to winner-take-all outcomes. Online advertising markets are summarized, including concentrations in search and mobile. Traditional and new sources of online information are compared, and business models for online news are outlined.
1) Wikileaks publishes classified documents from anonymous sources to reveal suppressed information, but nations argue this can threaten national security by exposing intelligence operations or strategic data.
2) There is debate around whether Wikileaks' releases serve the public interest or if they can legitimately withhold some information like defense plans or intelligence methods to protect national security.
3) International laws and ethics principles aim to balance security and transparency, but Wikileaks escapes jurisdiction and its releases are limited only by technological not ethical constraints, raising questions about developing global media standards.
This document summarizes a presentation on comparing public spheres. It discusses different models of public spheres, challenges in comparing public spheres across countries, and findings from analyses of several issues in European public spheres. Key findings include that debates are often framed in national rather than European terms, there are both pan-European and nationally-focused public spheres, and media play both dependent and independent roles in shaping public debates. The document outlines areas for further research on the rise of populism and roles of traditional and new media.
This document provides an overview of new trends in investigative journalism, as presented in a lecture by Philip Di Salvo. It discusses how the field of investigative journalism is changing in the digital age, with opportunities arising from access to new data sources, the ability to crowdsource information, and platforms for secure leaking of documents. Key concepts examined include data journalism, crowdsourcing investigations, and the rise of digital whistleblowing sites. Several case studies of innovative investigative journalism organizations and projects are also summarized.
More from Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (16)
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. The problem
The discussion
Role of journalists
The solution: press publishers’ right
Press publication: a subject-matter
Exclusive rights
Right holder
Right of making available
Snippets and reproduction
Safeguards for journalists
Copyright exceptions
6. Links & communication to the public
Art. 3(1) InfoSoc Directive
[…] the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit any communication to the public
of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the
public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access
them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.
a response to development of modern technologies
generally-formulated
to cover all modes of communication of work to a public which is not
present at a place where transmission originated
7. Links & communication to the public
Svensson C-466/12
Two criteria:
a) Act of communication
links provide direct access to works
potential access is sufficient: it is for users to decide if they click through
b) Communication to the public
indeterminate, a fairly large, number of recipients
all potential users of a website
8. Links & communication to the public
New public
public that was not originally taken into account by the copyright
holders when they authorised the first communication to the public
no restrictive measures = all internet users create public
restricitve measures in the online news environment?
9. Hyperlinking and new public flowchart
João Pedro Quintais
Untangling the hyperlinking web: In search of
the online right of communication to the public
J World Intellect Prop. 2018;21:385–420
https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12107
10. Snippets and reproduction
Art. 2 InfoSoc Directive
[…] the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit direct or indirect, temporary or
permanent reproduction by any means and in any form, in whole or in part
[…] for authors, of their works […]
work: original expression, author’s own intellectual creation
parts of work: enjoy protection […] provided that they contain elements
which are the expression of the intellectual creation of the author of the
work
Infopaq C-5/08
11. Snippets and reproduction
Protection of news and press?
Art. 2(8) Berne Convention
The protection […] shall not apply to news of the day or to miscellaneous facts having
the character of mere items of press information.
Infopaq C-5/08
newspaper articles are literary works
form, manner in which the subject is presented, linguistic expression
choice, sequence and combination of words, used to express certain fact
12. Snippets and reproduction
Length?
certain isolated sentences, or even certain parts of sentences in the text in
question, may be suitable for conveying to the reader the originality of a
publication such as a newspaper article
InfopaqC-5/08
Restrictions to creativity?
13. The problem later on…
licensing & remuneration
enforcement
threat to free & pluralistic press
16. How?
Open letters
Position papers
Statements
Press releases
Reports
Emails
Public campaigns
EC Public Consultation on the role of
publishers in copyright value chain
https://www.forbes.pl/prawo-i-podatki/wydawcy-apeluja-
o-poparcie-dyrektywy-o-prawie-autorskim/0zme72g
20. 1) Better off
2) Legal certainty
3) Negotiation position
4) Equality
5) Innovation
6) Value of the press
7) Internet freedom
8) Right to information
23. Negotiation position
Publishers vs platforms
Counter-balancing market
power
One-stop shop
Authors vs publishers
Autonomy from authors
Hegemony on the web
27. Journalists in the discussion
No one, universally-shared position
No information, no initiatives
No consistency over time
Detached from the online news environment
31. CDSM Directive: art. 15 (ex 11)
Member States shall provide publishers of press publications established in a
Member State with the right of reproduction and the right of making available for
the online use of their press publications by information society service providers
The rights shall not apply to private or non-commercial uses of press publications
by individual users
The rights shall not apply to acts of hyperlinking
The rights shall not apply in respect of the use of individual words or very short
extracts of a press publication
33. Press publication
Collection composed mainly of literary works of a journalistic
nature
individual item within a periodical or regularly updated publication under
a single title
has a purpose of providing the general public with information related to
news or other topics
is published in any media
is published under the initiative, control and editorial responsibility of a
service provider
art. 2(4) CDSM Directive
34. Work of a journalistic nature
Works
created by professional journalist
originating with press (publisher)
produced pursuant to journalistic
standards
Data Protection Directive: exception for
processing data for journalistic purposes
No clear, easily applicable criterion
Categories of works
Open catalogue
Directives concerning particular
categories of works
Painer C-145/10
All works, regardless of a category, are
protected equally
35. Quality journalism
CDSM Directive
Contributing to public debate and proper functioning of democratic societies
Provides public with reliable information
CoE Committee of Experts on Quality Journalism
List of prerequisites concerning the methods and processes of reporting, as well as
principles, values and purposes involved in the news production
Opposite of mis/disinformation
Journalistic studies theories
Copyright egalitarianism
36. Editorial initiative, control and
responsibility
CoE Recommendation on new notion of media
Editorial control an indispensable requirement for online service or activity to be
considered as media
Elements of editorial control: editorial policy, editorial process, moderation and editorial
staff
AVMS Directive
Editorial responsibility as an exercise of effective control over the selection and
organisation of the program
Inapplicable to online versions of newspapers
Editorial initiative
37. Press publication
A number of undefined, foreign to copyright, terms inviting
subjective judgements
38. Related rights: subject matter
Rights neighbouring to copyright
Right holders: performers, phonogram producers, broadcasting organisations and
film producers
Justification: creativity in the performance
organisational and financial effort
Subject matter: no common definition
no originality requirement
40. Related right: press publication
www.rp.pl/Polityka/305069890-Droga-
Koalicji-do-sukcesu-wiedzie-przez-100-mld-
zl.html
www.rp.pl
41. Term of protection
2 years after publication of press publication
When does the publication of a press publication as „individual item” take
place?
43. Right holder
Publisher of a press publication
service providers, such as news publishers or news agencies, when they publish press
publications
established in the EU Member State
Not effective erga omnes
Effective towards information society service providers
any service normally provided for remuneration, at a distance, by electronic means and
at the individual request of a recipient of services
44. Right of making available
Does not apply to acts of hyperlinking
But:
double-layering of the rights
application of right depends on the right holder
45. Reproduction and snippets
Does not apply to individual words or very short extracts
of a press publication
But:
no originality requirement
no explicit limit of words
46. Reproduction and snippets
Role of snippets:
• context
• relevance
• efficiency
Can link play its function without a preview?
49. Safeguards?
1) the right shall leave intact and shall in no way affect any rights provided for
authors in respect of the work incorporated in a press publication
2) authors shall receive an appropriate share of the revenues received by press
publishers
Contractual relationship?
Journalistic freedom?
50. Copyright exceptions
Right does not apply to private or non-commercial uses of press publications by
individual users
private use exception made mandatory?
Copyright exceptions of the InfoSoc Directive, Orphan Works Directive, and
Marrakesh Treaty Implementation Directive apply mutatis mutandis (with
necessary alterations)
open catalogue of exceptions in InfoSoc Directive
potential difference between exceptions applicable to copyright and
press publishers’ right