Presentation by Bernd Holznagel at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Anna Herold at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Ula Furgal at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Christian D'Cunha at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Damian Tambini at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Federica Casarosa at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
A presentation by Pier Luigi Parcu on Artificial Intelligence, elections, media pluralism and media freedom at the European Artificial Intelligence Observatory April 2, 2019
Presentation by Anna Herold at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Ula Furgal at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Christian D'Cunha at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Damian Tambini at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Federica Casarosa at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
A presentation by Pier Luigi Parcu on Artificial Intelligence, elections, media pluralism and media freedom at the European Artificial Intelligence Observatory April 2, 2019
This document discusses media pluralism in Central and Eastern Europe based on a presentation by Dr. Václav Štětka. It finds that many countries in the region have seen declines in media freedom and pluralism in recent years. Common issues include high concentration of media ownership, lack of transparency, political influence over public media, and threats to editorial independence. Countries like Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic are highlighted as having particularly concerning trends, such as political takeovers of public media and attempts to control independent outlets. Overall, illiberal populism is seen as a threat to journalists and trust in news media in the region. The document calls for the EU to do more to protect media pluralism and independence.
A presentation from Urska Umek at the Council of Europe on the Online and offline threats to media pluralism. Presented at the 2018 CMPF conference, Measuring Media Pluralism in Europe - Between Old Risks and New Threats.
Presentation from Lubos Kuklis of ERGA (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services).
Presented at the 2018 CMPF Conference "Monitoring Media Pluralism - Between Old Risks and New Threats,"
1) Economic consolidation in the digital advertising market poses a threat to media plurality as a small number of large tech companies like Google and Facebook dominate online advertising revenue.
2) Technological changes introduced by digital platforms could threaten quality of information by reducing the diversity of news sources and enabling the spread of disinformation.
3) The MPM 2020 project aims to update the existing Media Pluralism Monitor to better assess new digital-age risks to media plurality from factors like social media microtargeting, algorithmic news personalization, and filter bubbles.
This document discusses plans to develop a "Big Open Legal Data" (BOLD) vision and platform by 2020. It would build on existing EU legal data systems like EUR-Lex and involve launching an EU legal social network and open access legal journal hub. The document outlines presentations given at the LAPSI2 conference, including discussing past efforts to increase free access to law, developing large online legal datasets, and case studies examining barriers to open access in the EU, Netherlands, UK and Austria. It argues the EU legal system is uniquely multilingual and its law has influenced national legislation, serving as an example for free access.
UNESCO has developed the Internet Universality Indicators (IUIs) framework to assess national internet development environments. The IUIs are based on principles of Rights, Openness, Accessibility, and Multistakeholder participation. There are 303 indicators across 5 categories and 124 questions. The IUIs were endorsed by UNESCO's International Programme for the Development of Communication in 2018 to be used voluntarily by member states and stakeholders to conduct national internet assessments.
Netz dg 2019_jakarta-kuliah umum prof. wolfgangID IGF
Presentasi Kuliah umum oleh Prof. Wolfgang Schulz. Mengenai Hoax dan ujaran kebencian dan bertukar pengalaman pada apa yang telah dilakukan German dengan UU penggunaan Media Sosial (NetzDG), serta penanganan hoax di Jerman.
1º Palestra sobre Proteção de Dados PessoaisIBE_USP
This document summarizes key aspects of privacy and data protection law in the EU and discusses ongoing reforms.
It outlines the context of increasing data collection and use with digital technologies. EU law establishes privacy and data protection as fundamental rights. The EU Data Protection Directive of 1995 set rules for processing personal data, including rights for individuals.
Reforms aim to strengthen these protections in the interconnected modern context by making regulations more consistent, clarifying international transfer rules with tools like adequacy assessments and binding corporate rules, and increasing accountability and enforcement for data controllers. The reforms seek to ensure privacy protections can continue adapting to new technologies and data uses.
The power point presentation of the lecture held by Professor Giovanni Maria Riccio on "Social Networks and Civil Liability" at the International Summer School on Cyber Law which took place in Moscow June 30 - July 4, 2014.
This document discusses open access to legislation in Romania. It notes that while there are currently several public databases of legislation, access is limited and the data is not open. However, opening legislation as open data represents a high opportunity, as the raw data is already available electronically and could be easily opened at low cost. Open data has social, economic, and transparency benefits. The document outlines some projects underway in Romania to improve access to legislation, including the N-lex project by the Ministry of Justice to provide free electronic access to the national legislative database. In conclusion, while open access to Romanian legislation does not currently exist, legislation represents an extremely viable domain for open data.
The document summarizes the Salzburg Manifesto 2010, which calls for improving the European Citizens' Initiative to strengthen participatory democracy in the EU. It argues the initiative's potential is not fully realized by the draft regulation, which risks limiting participation and missing an opportunity to increase credibility. The manifesto makes several recommendations to improve the regulation, including allowing more time for signature collection, lowering the entrance threshold, protecting privacy of signatories, and establishing infrastructure support for the initiative.
"Information Compliance - Freedom of Information, Data Protection and Librari...Terry O'Brien
"Information Compliance - FoI, data protection and libraries". Presentation given by Terry O'Brien at Joint English / Irish IIUG Conference, Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland, June 2009
This document discusses the importance of transparency in media ownership for democracy. It argues that mandatory reporting requirements are needed to identify the beneficial and ultimate owners of media outlets. Such requirements should apply to broadcast, print, and online media and collect basic information on ownership structure, financial accounts, and interests in other organizations. Media regulators should collect this information and make it publicly available to ensure transparency and prevent undue concentration of media ownership and political influence. Adopting clear rules and standards on ownership transparency is crucial to guarantee media pluralism.
Future Research on Convergence and Social Media Oles Kulchytskyy
The information about global media discourses on social media regulation is prepared by the team of the COMPACT project (http://compact-media.eu/).
COMPACT is a Coordination and Support Action funded European Commission under framework Horizon 2020.
The objective of the COMPACT project is to increase awareness (including scientific, political, cultural, legal, economic and technical areas) of the latest technological discoveries among key stakeholders in the context of social media and convergence. The project will offer analyses and road maps of related initiatives. In addition, extensive research on policies and regulatory frameworks in media and content will be developed.
STONE Suzanne 3rd Assignment Media Law 2015 - Feedback version (HD)Sue Stone
The document discusses two media inquiries that reviewed regulations around content standards and made recommendations, including establishing an independent regulatory body. It then analyzes how a single regulatory framework could cover all forms of media, suggesting expanding the ACMA with disciplinary powers like those of the South Australian Passenger Transport Standards Committee. A draft bill is included in an appendix outlining how media operators could be licensed and journalists accredited under this proposed regulatory body.
Surveillance of communication by the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA)Klamberg
The document summarizes legislation passed in Sweden in 2008 that allows the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA) to conduct surveillance of communications. Key points include:
- Telecom operators must transfer all international communications to nodes controlled by FRA for signal intelligence collection.
- FRA is authorized to intercept communications and collect data to monitor external threats like terrorism and weapons proliferation.
- FRA shares information with government agencies and may partner with intelligence organizations in other countries like the NSA and GCHQ.
- A defense intelligence court and committee provide oversight of FRA's activities and access to databases of communications metadata.
Surveillance of communication by the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA)Klamberg
The document summarizes Sweden's legislation authorizing surveillance of communications by the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA). It discusses how the law requires telecom operators to transfer all international communications to FRA nodes for intercept. FRA can then intercept communications and collect data for signal intelligence purposes. The document also reviews similar intelligence laws and programs in other countries like the US, UK, France and Germany.
This document discusses media pluralism in Central and Eastern Europe based on a presentation by Dr. Václav Štětka. It finds that many countries in the region have seen declines in media freedom and pluralism in recent years. Common issues include high concentration of media ownership, lack of transparency, political influence over public media, and threats to editorial independence. Countries like Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic are highlighted as having particularly concerning trends, such as political takeovers of public media and attempts to control independent outlets. Overall, illiberal populism is seen as a threat to journalists and trust in news media in the region. The document calls for the EU to do more to protect media pluralism and independence.
A presentation from Urska Umek at the Council of Europe on the Online and offline threats to media pluralism. Presented at the 2018 CMPF conference, Measuring Media Pluralism in Europe - Between Old Risks and New Threats.
Presentation from Lubos Kuklis of ERGA (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services).
Presented at the 2018 CMPF Conference "Monitoring Media Pluralism - Between Old Risks and New Threats,"
1) Economic consolidation in the digital advertising market poses a threat to media plurality as a small number of large tech companies like Google and Facebook dominate online advertising revenue.
2) Technological changes introduced by digital platforms could threaten quality of information by reducing the diversity of news sources and enabling the spread of disinformation.
3) The MPM 2020 project aims to update the existing Media Pluralism Monitor to better assess new digital-age risks to media plurality from factors like social media microtargeting, algorithmic news personalization, and filter bubbles.
This document discusses plans to develop a "Big Open Legal Data" (BOLD) vision and platform by 2020. It would build on existing EU legal data systems like EUR-Lex and involve launching an EU legal social network and open access legal journal hub. The document outlines presentations given at the LAPSI2 conference, including discussing past efforts to increase free access to law, developing large online legal datasets, and case studies examining barriers to open access in the EU, Netherlands, UK and Austria. It argues the EU legal system is uniquely multilingual and its law has influenced national legislation, serving as an example for free access.
UNESCO has developed the Internet Universality Indicators (IUIs) framework to assess national internet development environments. The IUIs are based on principles of Rights, Openness, Accessibility, and Multistakeholder participation. There are 303 indicators across 5 categories and 124 questions. The IUIs were endorsed by UNESCO's International Programme for the Development of Communication in 2018 to be used voluntarily by member states and stakeholders to conduct national internet assessments.
Netz dg 2019_jakarta-kuliah umum prof. wolfgangID IGF
Presentasi Kuliah umum oleh Prof. Wolfgang Schulz. Mengenai Hoax dan ujaran kebencian dan bertukar pengalaman pada apa yang telah dilakukan German dengan UU penggunaan Media Sosial (NetzDG), serta penanganan hoax di Jerman.
1º Palestra sobre Proteção de Dados PessoaisIBE_USP
This document summarizes key aspects of privacy and data protection law in the EU and discusses ongoing reforms.
It outlines the context of increasing data collection and use with digital technologies. EU law establishes privacy and data protection as fundamental rights. The EU Data Protection Directive of 1995 set rules for processing personal data, including rights for individuals.
Reforms aim to strengthen these protections in the interconnected modern context by making regulations more consistent, clarifying international transfer rules with tools like adequacy assessments and binding corporate rules, and increasing accountability and enforcement for data controllers. The reforms seek to ensure privacy protections can continue adapting to new technologies and data uses.
The power point presentation of the lecture held by Professor Giovanni Maria Riccio on "Social Networks and Civil Liability" at the International Summer School on Cyber Law which took place in Moscow June 30 - July 4, 2014.
This document discusses open access to legislation in Romania. It notes that while there are currently several public databases of legislation, access is limited and the data is not open. However, opening legislation as open data represents a high opportunity, as the raw data is already available electronically and could be easily opened at low cost. Open data has social, economic, and transparency benefits. The document outlines some projects underway in Romania to improve access to legislation, including the N-lex project by the Ministry of Justice to provide free electronic access to the national legislative database. In conclusion, while open access to Romanian legislation does not currently exist, legislation represents an extremely viable domain for open data.
The document summarizes the Salzburg Manifesto 2010, which calls for improving the European Citizens' Initiative to strengthen participatory democracy in the EU. It argues the initiative's potential is not fully realized by the draft regulation, which risks limiting participation and missing an opportunity to increase credibility. The manifesto makes several recommendations to improve the regulation, including allowing more time for signature collection, lowering the entrance threshold, protecting privacy of signatories, and establishing infrastructure support for the initiative.
"Information Compliance - Freedom of Information, Data Protection and Librari...Terry O'Brien
"Information Compliance - FoI, data protection and libraries". Presentation given by Terry O'Brien at Joint English / Irish IIUG Conference, Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland, June 2009
This document discusses the importance of transparency in media ownership for democracy. It argues that mandatory reporting requirements are needed to identify the beneficial and ultimate owners of media outlets. Such requirements should apply to broadcast, print, and online media and collect basic information on ownership structure, financial accounts, and interests in other organizations. Media regulators should collect this information and make it publicly available to ensure transparency and prevent undue concentration of media ownership and political influence. Adopting clear rules and standards on ownership transparency is crucial to guarantee media pluralism.
Future Research on Convergence and Social Media Oles Kulchytskyy
The information about global media discourses on social media regulation is prepared by the team of the COMPACT project (http://compact-media.eu/).
COMPACT is a Coordination and Support Action funded European Commission under framework Horizon 2020.
The objective of the COMPACT project is to increase awareness (including scientific, political, cultural, legal, economic and technical areas) of the latest technological discoveries among key stakeholders in the context of social media and convergence. The project will offer analyses and road maps of related initiatives. In addition, extensive research on policies and regulatory frameworks in media and content will be developed.
STONE Suzanne 3rd Assignment Media Law 2015 - Feedback version (HD)Sue Stone
The document discusses two media inquiries that reviewed regulations around content standards and made recommendations, including establishing an independent regulatory body. It then analyzes how a single regulatory framework could cover all forms of media, suggesting expanding the ACMA with disciplinary powers like those of the South Australian Passenger Transport Standards Committee. A draft bill is included in an appendix outlining how media operators could be licensed and journalists accredited under this proposed regulatory body.
Surveillance of communication by the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA)Klamberg
The document summarizes legislation passed in Sweden in 2008 that allows the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA) to conduct surveillance of communications. Key points include:
- Telecom operators must transfer all international communications to nodes controlled by FRA for signal intelligence collection.
- FRA is authorized to intercept communications and collect data to monitor external threats like terrorism and weapons proliferation.
- FRA shares information with government agencies and may partner with intelligence organizations in other countries like the NSA and GCHQ.
- A defense intelligence court and committee provide oversight of FRA's activities and access to databases of communications metadata.
Surveillance of communication by the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA)Klamberg
The document summarizes Sweden's legislation authorizing surveillance of communications by the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA). It discusses how the law requires telecom operators to transfer all international communications to FRA nodes for intercept. FRA can then intercept communications and collect data for signal intelligence purposes. The document also reviews similar intelligence laws and programs in other countries like the US, UK, France and Germany.
A group presentation addressing an ethical issue, key stakeholders, potential courses of action, and how they relate to philosophical ideas. This shows that I have the foundation to analyze ethical issues and can logically consider consequences.
This document summarizes a report by the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression regarding targeted digital surveillance. The report finds that targeted surveillance of journalists, activists and critics by governments has led to human rights violations like arbitrary detention and even extrajudicial killings. It proposes regulations for the private surveillance industry to help protect human rights and calls for a moratorium on the global sale of surveillance tools until proper safeguards are in place.
The document discusses key elements of whistleblower protection including definitions, reporting topics, and measures to protect whistleblowers. Nearly 75% of countries reviewed by the UN are recommended to strengthen protections. The UN Convention Against Corruption includes protections for witnesses and those who report corruption. There is no universal definition of whistleblowing, but most laws focus on reports of illegal, dangerous, or unethical acts from current or former employees. Anonymity, confidentiality, reporting channels, and the concept of "good faith" reporting are among the measures discussed.
Cristina Fraenkel-Haeberle and Elena Buoso "German Response" -Second GPN Glob...GLOBAL PANDEMIC NETWORK
Second GPN Global Webinar "COVID-19. SUPERNATIONAL, NATIONAL AND REGIONAL RESPONSES. BUILDING RESILIENCE THROUGH COMPARISON OF EXPERIENCES" - March 5th 2021
Professor Cristina Fraenkel-Haeberle and Professor Elena Buoso "German Response"
GPN: https://www.globalpandemicnetwork.org/
Official GPN webinar web page:https://www.globalpandemicnetwork.org/news_events/webinar-5th-march-2021/
The document discusses two French laws, Hadopi #1 and #2, which established the High Authority for the Dissemination of Works and the Protection of Rights on the Internet (HADOPI) to address internet piracy through a three-strike warning system and allow for the suspension of internet access, with Hadopi #2 delegating sanctioning power to criminal courts.
The EUI seminar focus on the legal framework in Europe regarding whistle-blowing, leaking confidential information, “illegal” newsgathering and protection of journalistic sources. In its Recommendation 1916 (2010) on the protection of whistle-blowers, on 29 April 2010, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, referring to its Resolution 1729 (2010) on the protection of whistle-blowers, has stressed the importance of whistle-blowing as a tool to increase accountability and strengthen the fight against corruption and mismanagement.
http://cmpf.eui.eu/seminars/whistle-blowing.aspx
A principle-based approach to regulating #fakenewsmrleiser
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Mark Leiser on international law and fake news. The presentation covered:
1) Defining fake news and analyzing methods used to spread misinformation.
2) The role of human rights law and principles in regulating fake news while protecting free expression.
3) Future concerns around regulating political advertising, demonetizing fake news sites, and balancing free speech with restricting the sharing of misinformation. The presentation argued for a principled, human-empowering approach to regulation.
Marsden regulating disinformation Brazil 2020Chris Marsden
This document discusses regulatory options for addressing disinformation and summarizes the key points from a seminar on the topic. It defines disinformation and distinguishes it from misinformation. It examines the challenges around regulating online content, including defining hard evidence of harm, determining what media is most influential, and the limitations of using AI/automated tools. It outlines a typology of regulatory approaches and sources that were consulted in the research. Finally, it provides five recommendations for the EU, emphasizing media literacy, human review of automated content moderation, independent appeals of platform decisions, standardizing procedures, and transparency of AI techniques.
Electronic Surveillance of Communications 100225Klamberg
The document discusses electronic surveillance of communications and legislation around signal intelligence. It provides context on changes in technology and threats that created demands for new legislation. It describes how signal intelligence works, including intercepting messages and metadata, as well as traffic analysis and social network analysis. Legislation in Sweden and other countries regulates agencies conducting signal intelligence and their mandates, clients, and oversight. Key aspects of Swedish law include the Defence Radio Establishment's mandate for surveillance, its clients and review mechanisms, methods like traffic analysis, and the scope of interception and data collection.
The document discusses the implementation of the EU Public Sector Information (PSI) Directive in Germany through the Information Reuse Act (IWG). It provides an overview of PSI markets and developments in Germany, noting challenges around locating PSI due to a lack of coordinated directories across authorities. Practical arrangements to facilitate access to PSI are loosely linked to the IWG, with authorities mainly responsible for their own information.
This document provides an overview of the legislative framework surrounding public sector information (PSI) re-use in Germany. It begins by noting that while the UK and US have launched open data initiatives, Germany lags behind in this area. The document then analyzes Germany's complex legislative framework, made up of various "legislative ecosystems" organized by theme, including data protection, freedom of information, environmental information, and PSI re-use. It notes the framework is challenging for PSI re-users due to its complexity and fragmentation across different levels of government. The document concludes by assessing that while the framework supports PSI re-use, it does not enable an open data initiative like those in the UK and US due
This document discusses regulatory options for addressing disinformation. It defines disinformation and distinguishes it from misinformation. It reviews the evidence base around the harms of disinformation and whether policy approaches require hard evidence. It discusses the limitations of using automated technologies like AI to detect and moderate disinformation. It proposes five recommendations, including emphasizing media literacy and user choice, ensuring human review of AI moderation, independent appeals of platform decisions, standardizing notice and appeal procedures, and increasing transparency of platforms' techniques. It raises questions about what specifically should be regulated by platforms versus subject to court oversight, and whether oversight boards or co-regulation is most effective.
The National Cyber Security Strategy: Success Through CooperationMark Johnson
The document outlines the Netherlands' National Cyber Security Strategy. It discusses how society has become increasingly dependent on ICT and vulnerable to cyber threats. The strategy aims to improve cyber security through cooperation between public and private sectors. It establishes basic principles such as linking initiatives, public-private partnerships, individual responsibility, and proportional responses. The goal is to create a resilient digital infrastructure while respecting privacy and civil liberties.
This document provides an overview of polls and discusses several key concepts related to interpreting and reporting on polls. It notes that polling error can be expected to be around 2-2.2 percentage points on average and discusses how to identify reliable polls based on factors like the source, sample size, and methodology. It also explains important polling concepts like margins of error, confidence intervals, and how a poll of polls can provide a more accurate picture than any single poll.
Presentation by Luc Steinberg at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Samantha Bradshaw at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Gabriela Jacomella at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
Presentation by Wessel Reijers at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
This document outlines the program for a conference on monitoring media pluralism in Europe. It discusses the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM), which has assessed media pluralism in EU countries and others since 2014. The MPM uses a comprehensive questionnaire across four areas and 20 indicators to evaluate 200 variables from primary and secondary sources. It analyzes different types of legacy and digital media. A risk-based approach uses a traffic light system to indicate the level of risk to media pluralism in each country.
A presentation from CMPF Director Pier Luigi Parcu, explaining the method behind the Media Pluralism Monitor at the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom.
The document discusses a case study on using Twitter to disseminate the results of the 2015 Media Pluralism Monitor. It describes sorting 350 relevant contacts by country or area, tweeting them targeted messages about checking the Monitor's results. It also discusses using images in tweets to boost engagement and retweets, and analyzing website visits and newsletter signups from the outreach efforts. The goal was to effectively communicate research findings about media freedom risks across Europe.
This document discusses the pilot implementation of the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) in 2013-2014. It summarizes the goals of simplifying and updating the MPM, testing it in selected EU member states, and improving it based on the testing. It describes conducting the pilot in 9 countries through a network of local institutions. The results were used to refine the MPM for further testing in 2015 across more countries.
Update and pilot implementation of the media pluralism monitor (MPM2014): Conclusions and recommendations for future implementations
Principles of simplification
http://monitor.cmpf.eui.eu/
Dr Sally Young
Associate Professor and Reader,
School of Social and Political Sciences,
The University of Melbourne
s.young@unimelb.edu.au
For an international audience, Australia is a case-study of what can go wrong in media policy-making and why media ownership concentration – including in the newspaper industry - still matters despite the rise of the internet and online news outlets.
more info:
http://cmpf.eui.eu/seminars/australia-media-ownership.aspx
This document discusses media markets and the internet. It describes media markets as two-sided markets with network externalities. The internet value chain is explained, along with competitive structures in web markets and characteristics like direct, cross-side, and indirect network effects that can lead to winner-take-all outcomes. Online advertising markets are summarized, including concentrations in search and mobile. Traditional and new sources of online information are compared, and business models for online news are outlined.
1) Wikileaks publishes classified documents from anonymous sources to reveal suppressed information, but nations argue this can threaten national security by exposing intelligence operations or strategic data.
2) There is debate around whether Wikileaks' releases serve the public interest or if they can legitimately withhold some information like defense plans or intelligence methods to protect national security.
3) International laws and ethics principles aim to balance security and transparency, but Wikileaks escapes jurisdiction and its releases are limited only by technological not ethical constraints, raising questions about developing global media standards.
This document summarizes a presentation on comparing public spheres. It discusses different models of public spheres, challenges in comparing public spheres across countries, and findings from analyses of several issues in European public spheres. Key findings include that debates are often framed in national rather than European terms, there are both pan-European and nationally-focused public spheres, and media play both dependent and independent roles in shaping public debates. The document outlines areas for further research on the rise of populism and roles of traditional and new media.
This document provides an overview of new trends in investigative journalism, as presented in a lecture by Philip Di Salvo. It discusses how the field of investigative journalism is changing in the digital age, with opportunities arising from access to new data sources, the ability to crowdsource information, and platforms for secure leaking of documents. Key concepts examined include data journalism, crowdsourcing investigations, and the rise of digital whistleblowing sites. Several case studies of innovative investigative journalism organizations and projects are also summarized.
More from Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (16)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Governing Communications Online - German Perspective
1. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M.
Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations-
und Medienrecht (ITM)
Governing Communication online:
German Perspective
Florence | June 25, 2019
2. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Outline
1. Background of the NEA
2. Approach of the NEA
3. Content of the NEA
4. Evaluation
2
3. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Background of the NEA
• Increase of “Fake News” and “Hate
Speech”
3
4. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Background of the NEA
• Normal case: The actions of intermediaries are causal for illegal
contents of third parties (assistance, aid); exception by E-
Commerce-Directive: Notice-and-take-down rule facilitates liability,
i.e. if known, the content must be deleted, but no monitoring
obligation ex-ante
• But even this rule, which lowers the standard, is poorly implemented
in practice: 1% removal rate by Twitter, 36% Facebook, approx.
90% Google
4
5. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Approach of the NEA
• NEA not primarily aimed at Fake
news, but Hate Speech
• Choice of control model:
Compliance approach
• No new deleting obligations
5
Then Minister of Justice – Heiko Maasr(now
Secretary of State)
6. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – Scope of Application
Applies to: telemedia service providers that focus on content-sharing
(specifically social networks)
Excluded: professional networks, online games, sales platforms, email
and messenger services (2-person communication); social networks
with less than 2 Mio. users in Germany
What about online newspapers with comment function or large groups
on messenger services?
6
7. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – “unlawful content“
7
• Sec. 1 (3) NetzDG:
“Unlawful content shall be content within the meaning of subsection 1
which fulfils the requirements of the offences described in sections 86, 86a,
89a, 91, 100a, 111, 126, 129 to 129b, 130, 131, 140, 166, 184b in
conjunction with 184d, 185 to 187, 201a, 241 or 269 of the Criminal Code.”
3 groups of offenses:
State security (i.e. encouraging the commission of a serious violent
offence endangering the state)
Offenses to protect public order (i.e. incitement of hatred)
Provisions on the protection of the personal honor (i.e. insult,
defamation)
8. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – “unlawful content“ (State security)
8
• Section 129a GCC “Formation of terrorist groups”
Subs 1 directed at the commission of enumarated capital offenses
(murder, genocide, crime against humanity, or war crime)
Subs 2 other criminal offenses and also intimidation of the public,
unlawfully coerce a public authority, impair fundamental political,
constitutional, economic, or social structures of a State or an
international organization
• Section 91 GCC “Encouraging the commission of a serious violent
offense endangering the state”
Handing out guides to state-threatening acts
9. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – “unlawful content“ (public order)
9
• Section 130 GCC “Incitement of hatred“
Hatred against a national, racial, religious group, or a group defined by
their ethnic origins (or individual belonging to one of these groups)
Suitable to disturb public peace (subs 1)
Criteria for the suitability for disturbance of public peace are the
semantic content, the intensity and scale of the attack, the
susceptibility of the public– especially young people–to attacks, and
the sensitivity of the group concerned
Dissemination of writings that incite hatred (subs 2)
Publicly approving or trivializing the holocaust (subs 3, 4)
10. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – ”unlawful content” (personal honor)
10
• Section 185 GCC “Insult“
Attack on the honor of another person by issuing one’s own disregard or
disrespect
• Section 186 GCC “Defamation”
Assertion or dissemination of unproved facts against a third party, which
are capable of causing disregard by others (it is not necessary that the
fact is untrue – it is sufficient that the proof of truth is not given)
• Section 187 GCC “Intentional Defamation” (→ “fake news”)
The alleged fact has to be untrue
11. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – Dealing with Complaints
• Effective and transparent procedure for dealing with complaints
• Requirements for complaints: concrete, suitable as a basis for assessment
• This procedure must ensure:
Taking note of the compliant immediately
Deletion within 24 hours if the content is manifestly unlawful
Deletion within 7 days in case of (normal) unlawfulness. The term of 7
days can be exceeded in the following cases:
Calling for opinions to explore the context
Transfer of the decision to the facility of regulated self-regulation
Saving of deleted contents for a period of 10 weeks
The parties involved shall be informed about the decision on the complaint
11
12. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – Reporting obligation
• Semi-annual
• In German
• Reporting obligation only for providers who have
more than 100 complaints within a calendar year
• Number of deleted contents (and other statistics)
• Criteria on which the network operator bases its
decision
• Publication in the Bundesanzeiger (Federal
Gazette)
12
13. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – Regulatory fines
• Fines of up to € 50 million (the amount is determined according to the NEA
fine guidelines)
• Systemic flaws in the complaints procedure
intentional and negligent breaches
not correct, not complete or no providing of a complaints procedure
• This is not already given in case of a one-time violation of the obligation to
delete (manifestly) illegal contents within 24 hours or 7 days.
NEA fine guidelines: "[...] the individual time limits are only indicators for the
fulfilment of this organisational duty and are not independently subject to a fine".
• Obtain preliminary court ruling regarding the illegality of a content, § 4 V
NetzDG: → legal novelty
"If the administrative authority wishes to base its decision on the fact that
unremoved or unblocked content is unlawful within the meaning of § 1
paragraph 3, it shall bring about a court decision on the unlawfulness in
advance. "... this court decision is not contestable
13
14. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – Regulatory fines
• Incentive to participate in the system of regulated self-regulation:
If the facility of self-regulation comes to the conclusion that the
content is not unlawful, the social network must not remove or block it.
In such cases, the authority is not entitled to base a fine on the fact
that the relevant content was in fact unlawful and had to be blocked or
removed.
• Other offences of fines, violation of: Obligation to report, appointment of a
contact person for service in Germany
14
15. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Content of the NEA – Contact person in Germany
• Lack of contact persons as one of the main problems in the past
• Easily recognizable, directly accessible, permanently available
• Accounts for social networks with their seat in Germany or abroad
• Response to requests for information from domestic law enforcement
authorities within 48 hours
15
16. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Evaluation
• Enforcement of individual legal positions by the party obliged to service and the
new right to information for the provision of inventory data (§ 14 Paragraph 2
TMG) significantly improved, but mostly affected by hate communication are
those in need of protection
• Risk of overblocking (high fines, time limit regulation)
• Preliminary ruling concerning the illegality of a specific content entails risk of
overload for AG Bonn
• Practice: 25,000 complaints to the Federal Office of Justice expected, April 2018:
253 complaints
• De lege ferenda:
Concentration on a few offenses is required
Introduction of a put back-procedure in order to improve balancing of interests
16
17. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Semi-annual report by the Networks (2018)
17
Facebook
Complaints (NEA):
2018/1: 886; regarding 1.704 Inhalte
2018/2: 500; regarding 1.048 Inhalte
Deletions
2018/1: 218 succesful complaints; regarding 362 Inhalte
2018/2: 159 succesful complaints; regarding 369 Inhalte
Deletions by Community Standards, not part of NEA-
Transparency-repots): ca. 15,000 per month in Germany – from
July to September 2018 worldwide in 31 Mio. cases Facebook to
action;
→ … NEA-Complaints-Form hard to find
YouTube
Complaints (NEA, close tie between NEA and Community Standard
procedure):
2018/1: 214.827
2018/2: 250.957
Deletions:
2018/1: 58,334
2018/2: 54.644
Twitter
Complaints:
- 2018/1: 264,818
- 2018/2: 256.462
Deletions:
- 2018/1: 28,645
- 2018/2: 23.165
18. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Conclusions from the reports
18
• Facebook focuses on their own community standards
• Danger of Overblocking hard to evaluate
• Conclusions by the Media Authority Hamburg / Schleswig-Holstein
• improvement in terms of speed of deletion („Overblocking?“)
• Most deletions because of insulting posts and comments
• The Quota of the deletion of unlawful content is still low… about 30% of filed
complaints lead to a deletion
• Still no „put-back-Procedure“ according to which in the case of unlawfully
removed content the content has to be recovered (put back)
Further information: Complaints at the Bundesamt für Justiz:
• 714 (2018)
• Before the number was estimated at 25.000 complaints a year
• This suggests, among other things, that networks can quickly respond to
complaints.
19. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Recent Debates in Germany: role of influencers
19
www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y1lZQsyuSQ
• YouTube Video „Die
Zerstörung der CDU“ by Rezo
launched a few days before
the European elections
• Almost 15 million views so far
• Debate on rules for
Influencers
20. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Further reading
Holznagel/Hemmert-Halswick, Bekämpfung der digitalen Gewalt
und Hassdelikte durch das NetzDG („Facebook-Gesetz“), Bonner
Rechtsjournal Sonderausgabe 01/2017, S. 6
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21. Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M., Institut für Informations-, Telekommunikations- und Medienrecht (ITM)
Thank you for your attention!
21
Institut für
Informations-, Telekommunikations- und
Medienrecht (ITM)
an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster
Abteilung II
Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel, LL.M.
Leonardo-Campus 9
D-48149 Münster
Tel: +49 251 83 9038640
Fax: +49 251 90 38644
E-Mail: holznagel@uni-muenster.de