This document discusses power system automation and SCADA systems. It describes key components of SCADA including instrument transformers, transducers, relays, RTUs, meters, digital fault recorders, PLCs and HMIs. The advantages of power system automation are that it makes the system more efficient with less manpower and is flexible, simple and reliable. Some applications discussed are smart grids, smart meters and automatic generation control. The conclusion states that automation increases efficiency and standardization across state power utilities in India.
AUTOMATION ,SCADA AND POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATIONkamal soni
AUTOMATION ,SCADA AND POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION
PLC(PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER)
PLC OPERATION
Block diagram of a PLC
Supervisory
Control
And
Data
Acquisition
Human Machine Interface
Intelligent Electronic Device
Instrument Transformers
Industrial revolution worldwide. It has resulted in social changes too and raised the standard of living we examine a future distribution system capable of solving problems caused by the connection of numerous distributed generators. A supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition (SCADA) system for this distribution system should be economical, flexible, and reliable, and should execute a real-time process. In this seminar report, we propose a SCADA system using mobile agents for flexibility. In addition, we show two types of communication protocols that make agent migration more fault-tolerant, and perform experiments where the SCADA system executes earth fault protection within the required time. These results indicate that the SCADA system based on our proposed technologies should be capable of fulfilling the real-time processing requirement.
While writing the report on my seminar, I was wondering that Science and technology are as ever expanding field and the engineers working hard day and night and make the life a gift for us
protype implementation of Supervisory control & data Acquisition using GPRS Shahbaz Makandar A.
SCADA using GPRS for Substaion monitoring and Controlling without any manual operation & safety controlling of Substation from fire, smoke, like adverse effects within the substation itself
AUTOMATION ,SCADA AND POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATIONkamal soni
AUTOMATION ,SCADA AND POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION
PLC(PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER)
PLC OPERATION
Block diagram of a PLC
Supervisory
Control
And
Data
Acquisition
Human Machine Interface
Intelligent Electronic Device
Instrument Transformers
Industrial revolution worldwide. It has resulted in social changes too and raised the standard of living we examine a future distribution system capable of solving problems caused by the connection of numerous distributed generators. A supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition (SCADA) system for this distribution system should be economical, flexible, and reliable, and should execute a real-time process. In this seminar report, we propose a SCADA system using mobile agents for flexibility. In addition, we show two types of communication protocols that make agent migration more fault-tolerant, and perform experiments where the SCADA system executes earth fault protection within the required time. These results indicate that the SCADA system based on our proposed technologies should be capable of fulfilling the real-time processing requirement.
While writing the report on my seminar, I was wondering that Science and technology are as ever expanding field and the engineers working hard day and night and make the life a gift for us
protype implementation of Supervisory control & data Acquisition using GPRS Shahbaz Makandar A.
SCADA using GPRS for Substaion monitoring and Controlling without any manual operation & safety controlling of Substation from fire, smoke, like adverse effects within the substation itself
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE CONTROL OF TRANSFORMER USING MICROCONTROLLER AND SCADA Ajesh Jacob
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE CONTROL OF TRANSFORMER USING MICROCONTROLLER AND SCADA
LABVIEW PROJECT FINAL YEAR EEE
ABSTRACT: A tap changer control operates to connect appropriate tap position of winding in power transformers to maintain correct voltage level in the power transmission and distribution system. Automatic tap changing can be implemented by using µC. This improved tap-changing decision and operational flexibility of this new technique make it attractive for deployment in practical power system network. This paper deals with the implementation of µC based tap changer control practically, using special purpose digital hardware as a built-in semiconductor chip or software simulation in conventional computers. Two strategies are suggested for its implementation as a software module in the paper. One is to integrate it with the supervisory system in a substation control room operating in a LAN environment. In this configuration, the parallel transformers can be controlled locally. The other is to integrate it into the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, which allows the transformers to be monitored and controlled remotely over a wide area of power-network. The implementation of µC based tap changer control needs interfacing between the power system and the control circuitry. µC s may need to interact with people for the purpose of configuration, alarm reporting or everyday control.
A human-machine interface (HMI) is employed for this purpose. An HMI is usually linked to the SCADA system’s databases and software programs, to provide trending, diagnostic data, and management information such as scheduled maintenance procedures, logistic information, detailed schematics for a particular sensor or machine, and expert-system troubleshooting guides.
OBJECTIVES: The original system can afford the following features:
- Complete information about the plant (circuit breakers status, source of feeding, and level of the consumed power).
- Information about the operating values of the voltage, operating values of the transformers, operating values of the medium voltage, load feeders, operating values of the generators. These values will assist in getting any action to return the plant to its normal operation by minimum costs.
- Information about the quality of the system (harmonics, current, voltages, power factors, flickers, etc.). These values will be very essential in case of future correction.
- Recorded information such case voltage spikes, reducing the voltage on the medium or current interruption.
- implementation of µC based tap changer control practically, using special purpose digital hardware as a built-in semiconductor chip or software simulation in conventional computers.
Is a seminar based on the concept of replacing the existing electricity metering system using in developing countries by a low cost energy meter working without human intervention. Its main components are discussed later...
Power house automation using wireless communicationeSAT Journals
Abstract The design is established for the automation of power house system. It shows how to remotely control and monitor power, automatically cut-off power on a single click using micro-controller based switches, wireless hardware module and web user interface during the shortage of power for power management or when bill is not paid. Web user interface shows complete information and power status of consumer stored in database; the data in a database is collected from remote module. To implement this, the wireless technologies used are IR module, zigbee module and server module through internet, PDA using graphical user interface and through smart phones. Static state relay for controlling power on/off outlets and sensors used to sense electric current being used by electric outlets. To measure power a measuring circuit senses the current and sends back a signal to the server module through zigbee the measured data is stored in embedded board and they are designed to become aware of any overload and to send a message to the circuit breaker for safety. PHP, JavaScript, html, CSS are used here to design a web user interface to provide a user-friendly operation of electric outlets. The proposed power outlet monitors the power consumption for the predetermined time and to completely cut-off power supply when the monitored power is below threshold. To efficiently manage the power outlets, the zigbee has several on board switches to wake up the power outlets and control them. The wireless communication module integrates several ac power sockets and a plug-in low power microcontroller performs power on/off switching of sockets. This system is used for power saving purpose and using wireless communication includes low cost, low data rate, self healing system and provides energy usage information to user on internet. The device works online so all the data are received in real time and the whole power system in home area can be managed in the remote area.
Keywords: Power house system, Switches, Relays, Wireless technology, HyperTerminal, Wamp Server, Net beans.
AC Induction motor (IM) are used as actuators in many industrial processes. Although IMs are reliable, they are subjected to some undesirable stresses, causing faults resulting in failure. Monitoring of an IM is a fast emerging technology for the detection of initial faults. It avoids unexpected failure of an industrial process. Monitoring techniques can be classified as the conventional and the digital techniques.
1.1 PROTECTION SCHEME OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Classical monitoring techniques for three-phase IMs are generally provided by some combination of mechanical and electrical monitoring equipment. Mechanical forms of motor sensing are also limited in ability to detect electrical faults, such as stator insulation failures. In addition, the mechanical parts of the equipment can cause problems in the course of operation and can reduce the life and efficiency of a system.
It is well known that IM monitoring has been studied by many researchers and reviewed in a number of works. Reviews about various stator faults and their causes, and detection techniques, latest trends, and diagnosis methods supported by the artificial intelligence, the microprocessor, the computer and other techniques in monitoring unbalanced voltage inter turn faults, stator winding temperature and microcontroller based digital protectors have been recently studied subjects. In these, while one or two variables were considered together to protect the IMs, the variables of the motor were not considered altogether. Measurements of the voltages, currents, temperatures, and speed were achieved and transferred to the computer for final protection decision.
A programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection system has been introduced using Microprocessors and the solutions of various faults of the phase currents, the phase voltages, the speed, and the winding temperatures of an IM occurring in operation have been achieved with the help of the microcontroller, but these electrical parameters have not been displayed on a screen.
Nowadays, the most widely used area of programmable logic controller (PLC) is the control circuits of industrial automation systems. The PLC systems are equipped with special I/O units appropriate for direct usage in industrial automation systems. The input components, such as the pressure, the level, and the temperature sensors, can be directly connected to the input. The driver components of the control circuit such as contactors and solenoid valves can directly be connected to the output.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
2. Index
1. Introduction
2. SCADA
3. Components of SCADA
4. Process of SCADA in Power system
5. Advantages
6. Disadvantages
7. Applications
8. Conclusion
3. Introduction-
Electrical power system-
Generation system – Generation of electricity by different sources
Transmission system -Generating station & Distribution substation are
connected by transmission system
Distribution – connects all transmission lines to load
4. What Is Power System Automation
Electric protection
Control
Measurement
Monitoring
6. Components Of SCADA
1. Instrument transformer
2. Transducer
3. Relay
4. RTU
5. Meter
6. Digital fault recorder
7. PLC
8. HMI
7. Instrument Transformer
Instrument transformers are used to
sense power system current and voltage values.
They are physically connected to power system
apparatus and convert the actual power system
signals ,which include high voltage and
current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels
CT
PT
8. Transducers
Transducer is device which sense the changes in
power system parameter like voltage, load current,
reactive power, real power and status of circuit
breaker, isolator and when converted in suitable form
,which is useful for further process
Types-
1. Analog
2. Digital
9. Relay
A protective relay is an IED designed to sense power system disturbances
and automatically perform control actions on the I&C system and the
power system to protect personnel and equipment.
Relays create metering information, collect system status information, and
store historical records of power system operation.
10. Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
RTU is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device
that interfaces transducer & MTU by
transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by
using messages from the master supervisory system to
control connected objects. Another term that may be
used for RTU is remote tele-control unit.
Unit of RTU-
1) AE (analog input card),
2) DE (digital input card)
11. Meter
A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate
measurements of power system current, voltage, and
power values. Metering values such as demand and
peak are saved within the meter to create historical
information about the activity of the power system
12. Digital Fault Recorder
A digital fault recorder (DFR), is an IED
that records information about power
system disturbances.
It is capable of storing data in a digital
format when triggered by conditions
detected on the power system.
Harmonics, frequency, and voltage
are examples of data captured by
DFRs.
13. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
For protection, control and metering
Logical operations are made by using switches
PLC performs the logical operations and displayed the
operation on computer screen
14. Human Machine Interface
Human Machine Interface commonly known as HMI are
deployed for control and visualization interface
between a human and a process, machine, application
and appliance. Increasingly, HMIs are becoming an
integral part of Factory Automation.
17. Applications -
Smart Grid-
A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analogue or digital
information and communications technology to gather and act on
information, such as information about the behaviours of suppliers and
consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability,
economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity.
18. Smart Meter –
A smart meter is usually an electronic device that records
consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less
and communicates that information at least daily back to the
utility for monitoring and billing.
19. Automatic Generation Control
In an electric power system, automatic generation control (AGC) is
a system for adjusting the power output of multiple generators at
different power plants, in response to changes in the load.
20. Conclusion-
The government of India has decided to integrate all
the state power utilities. Unified load dispatch Centre
has to be build. So automation has lot more advantages
as it increases efficiency and increase standardization.
22. References
1. J. B. Gupta, Electrical power system, SK publications, part II ,Jan 2013
2. Gaur & Gaur, Automation in power distribution system: Present status,
E-ISSN0976-7916, 2012
3. Jason stamp & Michel Berg, Reference Model for Control and Automation
Systems in Electrical Power, vol., 10 oct. 2005
4. National communication system, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
(SCADA) systems, Tech. info. Bulletin, Vol. NCS TIB 04-1, Oct 2004
5. Power system automation, NPTEL, Dept. of elect engg., page no. 1-16, Sept.
2015
6. Shabnam Rukhsar, SCADA in Transmission Line, IOSR Journal of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, e-ISSN: 2278-1676, p-ISSN: 2320-3331,Page no. 67 to
71,2014
7. http://www.iosrjournals.org
