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1. SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Under the guidance of ,
Mr .D.Raja Ramesh, M.Tech , (Ph.D),
Assisstant Professor ,
M.V.G.R College of engineering.
Presented by,
K . Lipesh,
14331A0475.

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CONTENTS
• Introduction.
• What is a Control System?
• What is SCADA ?
• Where and why SCADA is used?
• Evolution of SCADA.
• SCADA architecture.
• Technical details of SCADA.
• Pros and Cons of SCADA.
• Applications of SCADA.
• Future of SCADA.
• Conclusion.

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INTRODUCTION
SCADA means SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATAACQUISITION.
SCADA refers to a system that collects data from various sensors at a factory,
plant or in other remote locations and then sends this data to a central computer
which then manages and controls the data.

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What is a Control System ?
A control system, is a system that holds responsible in top of another system
(being controlled system) for setting and stabling the system in a predefined
state.
Nowadays control systems are mostly microprocessor based. (Microcontrollers,
PLCs, PC-Based Control systems).
Process being controlledSensor Actuator
Controller System

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Example of a monitoring and control system is a system which
monitors temperature and switches heaters on and off.

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What is SCADA?
SCADA is “Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition”.
Real-time industrial process control systems used to centrally
monitor and control remote or local industrial equipment such as
motors, valves, pumps, relays, sensors, etc.
SCADA is Combination of telemetry and Data Acquisition.
SCADA is not just a hardware, neither a software. It’s a concept,
it’s a system as a combination of special hardware, software and
protocols.
SCADA is used to control chemical plant processes, oil and gas
pipelines, electrical generation and transmission equipment,
manufacturing facilities, water purification and
distribution infrastructure, etc.

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Why SCADA is needed ?
• The Ability to Remotely collect different plants on different places.
• The Ability to control process from a distance.
• The Ability to create logs and reports about system’s current and past state.
• The Ability to send necessary information to Engineers and operators in
real-time using Instant Messaging and SMS.

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Where SCADA is used ?
- Electrical generation/distribution,
- Natural gas distribution
- Fuel Oil storage & flow
- Water storage & flow
- Lighting
- Heating, cooling, ventilation
- Fire alarms & suppression
- Elevators & escalators
- Gates & doors, alarms
- Video security cameras
- Traffic signals
- Process Line Control

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Purpose of SCADA
• Monitoring.
• Controlling.
• Alarming.
• Data Presentation.
• Data Acquisition.

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EVOLUTION OF SCADA
SCADA is not a new stuff !
The idea of SCADA was of the scientist Jerry Russell .
It has been used since the early days of control systems to
remotely Control and Monitor current and past state of being
controlled system (our plant, factory, etc.)

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Early Power System Control (in 1919)
Control room
(mimic wall)
1970’s
formerly, all instruments were directly wired to the control room

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Late 1990’s Control Centers (SCADA system)

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Present SCADA system

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ARCHITECTURE
1.MONOLITHIC
2.DISTRIBUTED 3.NETWORKED
4.INTERNET OF
THINGS
(IOT)

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MONOLITHIC SCADA SYSTEMS

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DISTRIBUTED SCADA SYSTEMS

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NETWORKED SCADA SYSTEMS

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COMPONENTS USED IN SCADA
• Supervisory systems.
• Data acquisition systems.
• P.L.C.
• R.T.U.
• M.T.U.
• Telemetry.
• H.M.I.
• Historian.
• Communication network.

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R.T.U
P.L.C

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RTU(remote
terminal unit)
PLC
Data
Acquisition
Server
User
interface
(HMI)
Communications
Equipment and
software

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SCADA PROCESSWORKING PROCESS IN SCADA

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Central Monitoring Unit
Communications
Network
Sensor
Sensor
Programmable Logic Controller
Sensor
Fiber, Radio, Modem,
Microwave, Telephone,
Wireless, Powerline Carrier
Remote
Terminal
Unit (RTU)
RTU
RTU

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NETWORK

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Communication
Network
Instrumentation
Remote Station
Central Monitoring Station
LAN, WAN, INTERNET
Communication
Network
Instrumentation
Remote Station
Central Monitoring Station
Central Monitoring Station
Communication
Network
Instrumentation
Remote Station
Corporate Architecture

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Protocols used in SCADA Systems:
• DNP (Distributed Network Protocol)
• Modbus
Mostly Open Protocol are used in SCADA systems.
The most popular protocols are as follows:

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SCADA Functionality:
- Data acquisition and display
store binary & analog data into process data base
- Alarm & Events
record important changes and operator actions
- History data base
keep a record of the process values
- Measured processing
calculate derived values (limit supervision, trending)
- Logging & reporting
- Human Machine Interface (HMI):
graphical object state presentation, lists, reports
- Operator Command handling
binary commands, set points
recipes, batches, scripts (command procedures)

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Current state
Alarms and events
Trends and history
Remote Monitoring including:

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• NOTICE
• WARNING
• CRITICAL
TYPES OF ALARMS

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Implementing alarms by variables
An alarm is often encoded as a simple 16-bit word sent by an object (thru PLC) in the
plant.
Each bit has a different meaning, the error condition is reset when the word is 0.
[120] low oil pressure
121] low water level
[122] trajectory error
[123] synchronisation error
[123] tool error
[131] robot %R1% not ready
…
word

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•Focus
–Safety
–100% Availability
–Electro-mechanical
–No updating, Aged
equipment
•The Language
–RTUs, PLCs, IEDs
– DNP, Modbus
– Low Bandwidth
– Analog & Digital
•The Vendors
–Allen
Bradley(AB)/Rockwell,
Honeywell, Siemens,
Johnson Controls
•Focus
–Security
–99.5% Availability
–Electronic
–Continuous Updating,
New
•The Language
–Routers, Switches,
Servers
– IP, Ethernet
– High Bandwidth
– All Digital
•The Vendors
–IBM, Microsoft,
CISCO, Dell
Physical Plant Computer Networking
What are the concerns ?

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New Trends in SCADA
- Web-Based SCADA systems
- Connecting SCADA system to Internet
- Gives more functionality to our system
- Security issues should be covered
- Using Instant Messaging to report systems status (implemented)
- Giving more functionality
- Using a reliable instant messaging service
- Using Short Message Service to report critical situations (implemented)
- A kind of instant messaging, using Mobile Telecommunication network
- Using SMS Server, connecting a cell to PC, setting up a web server and
using WAP

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Instant Messaging for SCADA (APPLICATION)
Facilitate the remote monitor and control by utilizing the secure IM
Instant Messaging (IM) is a type of communications service over the Internet that
enables individuals to exchange text messages and track availability of a list of
users in real-time.
By taking advantage of the near real time feature of IM and richness of the IM
presence, we bring forward a secure IM based remote monitor and control
system.
LDAP-based device and system management
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) specifically targeted at
management applications and browser applications that provide read/write
interactive access to directories.

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IM Architecture for SCADA

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A simple IM based remote monitor/control interface

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SCADA on mobile phone
The system allows you to use your mobile phone to monitor and control your
process from any location. More versatile than a pager system.
You can get detailed alarm messages about any event that occurs in your business.
The refresh time is about 2 s
Java application in mobile
phone transfers data to/from
WWW server.

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ADVANTAGES
• AUTOMATION SYSTEMS.
• ROBUST.
• POWERFUL .
• FLEXIBLE SYSTEM.
• REPORTS ON EVERY FUNCTION.
• SCALABLE.
• UPGRADABLE.

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SECURITY ISSUES
• PHYSICAL SECURITY.
• NETWORK SECURITY.
• DATA SECURITY.

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PROS & CONS

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Used For
1-Trasmits individual device status.
2- Manages energy consumption by controlling the devices.
3- Allowing directly control power system equipment.
4- Control chemical plant processes, oil and gas pipelines, electrical
generation and transmission equipment, manufacturing facilities...etc.
EX: Motors, valves, pumps, relayes, etc.
Benefits:
1- Identify and solve problems before they even start.
2- Keep your eye on long-term trends and threats
3- Identify and attack bottlenecks and inefficiencies throughout the enterprise
4- Effectively manage bigger and more complicated processes with a smaller
staff.
USES AND BENEFITS

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APPLICATIONS
• PIPELINE WATER DISTRIBUTION.
• OIL AND GAS WORKSTATIONS.
• NETWORKING AT PUMP STATIONS.
• MINE SITES AND NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS.
• AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ROOM (A.T.C.).
• HYDROGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS.
• NATURAL GAS STATIONS.
• ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORK AND
ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT.

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FUTURE TREND
• PUBLIC TRANSPORTS.
• BANKS.
• MENIAL JOBS.
• PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES.

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CONCLUSION
 With new trends and technologies of Computer and Electrical
Engineering, there are lots of functionalities available, that we can add to
our SCADA systems.
 SCADA covers different fields of Computer Engineering like Computer
networking, Control, Programming, Embedded Systems, Operating systems,
Real-Time systems.
 SCADA is a very fast growing technology which is widely used in plants
and factories and makes good job opportunities for you in the industry, in
Computer Engineering and Electonics and Communication Engineering
fields.

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References:
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• Modern SCADA protocols, Elsevier, newness publication
• www.scada.com
• www.scribd.com
• www.ieeeexplore.org
• www.allaboutscada.com
• Engineering The Architecture Of Distributed Control Systems, Eric Runnerstrom
• Joint Program Office for Special Technology Countermeasures, National Defense
Industry Communications.

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