This document summarizes the development and characterization of a thin film nickel-chromium strain gauge sensor for load applications. Key steps included:
1. Designing and sputter depositing nickel-chromium strain gauges on a beryllium copper cantilever beam substrate. An insulating polymer layer was applied between the substrate and gauges.
2. Connecting the strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration to measure load by deflecting the cantilever beam end and recording resistance changes.
3. Analyzing the sensor parameters by measuring the linear fractional resistance changes of the strain gauges under different loads and determining their gauge factors.
A Study of Hole Drilling on Stainless Steel AISI 431 by EDM Using Brass Tube ...drboon
When a depth hole is drilled by EDM, taper is occurred which is not desired in the process. This research was focused on influence of EDM parameters on material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR) and tapered hole of martensitic stainless steel AISI 431. The considered factors consist of electrical current, on-time, duty factor, water pressure and servo rate. The experimental results reveal that MRR increases when increasing of servo rate. The taper of hole increases with increasing of electrical current and servo rate. However, it is reverse proportion to water pressure and duty factor.
IRJET- Behaviour of Cold Form Steel under Point Loading & Statically Defi...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analytical and experimental study on the behavior of cold-formed steel (CFS) channel sections under point loading. Finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to analyze CFS channel sections with various stiffener configurations. Experimental testing was also performed on CFS channel sections with and without stiffeners. The results found that CFS channel sections with rectangular stiffeners and lips had the highest load carrying capacity and lowest deformation compared to other section configurations based on both analytical and experimental analysis. In particular, the rectangular stiffened CFS channel section with a 30mm lip was found to have a load carrying capacity of 42.25kN and deformation of 3.06mm from experimental testing.
High speed tensile testing of textile composites 2aAsuSSEBENA
This document summarizes a study on the dynamic tensile testing of fabric-cement composites. Three types of fabric-cement composites were tested under high strain rates: AR-glass fabric composite, PE fabric composite, and carbon fiber composite. The testing found that carbon fiber composite exhibited the highest strength and stiffness. Differences in tensile behavior were observed between the composites. Multiple cracking was observed in all composites except the PE composite with plain cement matrix. The results demonstrate the reliability of using high-speed tensile testing for cement-based composites.
Application Note: Nanomechanical Tests Using a NanomanipulatorOmniprobe, Inc
This application note describes three in situ mechanical measurement examples that use a simple set-up combining the capabilities of Omniprobe’s AutoProbe® nanomanipulator, a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM), and in some cases an atomic force microscope.
IRJET - Analytical Study on Behavior of Circular Column with Stirrups Densifi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of the behavior of circular reinforced concrete columns with varying levels of stirrup densification. The study investigates the failure loads of columns with diameters of 200mm and heights of 1000mm, 1500mm, and 2000mm, representing slenderness ratios of 5, 7.5, and 10, respectively. Columns are modeled and analyzed using ANSYS software with 0%, 20%, 33%, 50%, and 100% stirrup densification at the top and bottom of the column. Results show that failure loads generally increase as the level of stirrup densification increases, with the 33% densification columns exhibiting the highest loads. Failure modes also transition from buckling to more ductile crushing as densification
The document describes the design and development of a mechanism for detecting rotating metallic objects using inductive proximity switches. The system was designed to operate in dusty and muddy environments. Various sensors were tested and inductive proximity sensors were selected as they can detect metals, operate in harsh environments, and have a moderate sensing range of up to 50mm. An experimental setup was built with a rotating drum to simulate the operating conditions. Tests were performed with different sensor distances and speeds. The results showed the system successfully detected the presence and absence of metallic objects rotating at speeds up to 600rpm in dusty and muddy conditions within the sensing range of the sensors.
Finite element analysis of aluminium alloys for their vibration characteristicseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Study of Hole Drilling on Stainless Steel AISI 431 by EDM Using Brass Tube ...drboon
When a depth hole is drilled by EDM, taper is occurred which is not desired in the process. This research was focused on influence of EDM parameters on material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR) and tapered hole of martensitic stainless steel AISI 431. The considered factors consist of electrical current, on-time, duty factor, water pressure and servo rate. The experimental results reveal that MRR increases when increasing of servo rate. The taper of hole increases with increasing of electrical current and servo rate. However, it is reverse proportion to water pressure and duty factor.
IRJET- Behaviour of Cold Form Steel under Point Loading & Statically Defi...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analytical and experimental study on the behavior of cold-formed steel (CFS) channel sections under point loading. Finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to analyze CFS channel sections with various stiffener configurations. Experimental testing was also performed on CFS channel sections with and without stiffeners. The results found that CFS channel sections with rectangular stiffeners and lips had the highest load carrying capacity and lowest deformation compared to other section configurations based on both analytical and experimental analysis. In particular, the rectangular stiffened CFS channel section with a 30mm lip was found to have a load carrying capacity of 42.25kN and deformation of 3.06mm from experimental testing.
High speed tensile testing of textile composites 2aAsuSSEBENA
This document summarizes a study on the dynamic tensile testing of fabric-cement composites. Three types of fabric-cement composites were tested under high strain rates: AR-glass fabric composite, PE fabric composite, and carbon fiber composite. The testing found that carbon fiber composite exhibited the highest strength and stiffness. Differences in tensile behavior were observed between the composites. Multiple cracking was observed in all composites except the PE composite with plain cement matrix. The results demonstrate the reliability of using high-speed tensile testing for cement-based composites.
Application Note: Nanomechanical Tests Using a NanomanipulatorOmniprobe, Inc
This application note describes three in situ mechanical measurement examples that use a simple set-up combining the capabilities of Omniprobe’s AutoProbe® nanomanipulator, a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM), and in some cases an atomic force microscope.
IRJET - Analytical Study on Behavior of Circular Column with Stirrups Densifi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of the behavior of circular reinforced concrete columns with varying levels of stirrup densification. The study investigates the failure loads of columns with diameters of 200mm and heights of 1000mm, 1500mm, and 2000mm, representing slenderness ratios of 5, 7.5, and 10, respectively. Columns are modeled and analyzed using ANSYS software with 0%, 20%, 33%, 50%, and 100% stirrup densification at the top and bottom of the column. Results show that failure loads generally increase as the level of stirrup densification increases, with the 33% densification columns exhibiting the highest loads. Failure modes also transition from buckling to more ductile crushing as densification
The document describes the design and development of a mechanism for detecting rotating metallic objects using inductive proximity switches. The system was designed to operate in dusty and muddy environments. Various sensors were tested and inductive proximity sensors were selected as they can detect metals, operate in harsh environments, and have a moderate sensing range of up to 50mm. An experimental setup was built with a rotating drum to simulate the operating conditions. Tests were performed with different sensor distances and speeds. The results showed the system successfully detected the presence and absence of metallic objects rotating at speeds up to 600rpm in dusty and muddy conditions within the sensing range of the sensors.
Finite element analysis of aluminium alloys for their vibration characteristicseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes research on the tensile and flexural behavior of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) under high-speed and impact loads. High-speed testing systems were used to apply tensile and flexural impact loads to UHPC specimens. Digital image correlation was utilized to analyze crack propagation and strain fields. The research found that UHPC achieved tensile strengths over 20 MPa and flexural strengths exceeding 25 MPa. An analytical model was also developed that could predict UHPC's flexural impact response based on parameters like residual strength, localization zone size, and tensile and flexural properties.
This document discusses research on the mechanical properties of unidirectional polypropylene fiber cement composites. The research aims to study the properties of hydrophilic micro PP fibers compared to existing macro fiber technology in developing structural members. Tension and flexural tests on laminate systems with continuous fibers show that both macro and micro PP fibers increase strength and toughness with higher fiber volumes. Digital image correlation analysis indicates fibers promote distributed cracking and strain hardening behavior through mechanisms like crack bridging and pullout. The continuous fiber composites show potential for thin slab applications if design standards consider their strain hardening properties.
Analysis of R.C Deep Beam by Finite Element MethodIJMER
ABSTRACT : The analytical study of reinforced concrete simply supported deep beams subjected to two point loads was
carried out using finite element method to study the behavior of deep beam by considering flexural stress, flexural strain,
and shear stress variations at different sections for various effective lengths to depth ratio and compared with EulerBernoulli Theory. The effective span to depth ratios of the beams considered were 1.25, 1.375 and 1.5
Keywords: Finite Element Method (FEM), Reinforced Concrete (R.C) deep beam, Shear strength.
UGIPERM® 12FM is a ferritic stainless steel developed for magnetic applications that has high permeability and low coercive field. It contains 12% chromium, silicon additions, and is re-sulphurized. After magnetic annealing, it achieves maximum relative permeability between 2000-3000 and coercive field of 95-125 A/m. UGIPERM® 12FM has similar corrosion resistance to grade 430FR/4105Si and better corrosion resistance than iron-silicon steels due to its chromium and molybdenum content. It can be easily formed at temperatures between 850-1150°C and is more ductile than austenitic stainless steels.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Cold-Form Steel Section wi...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally analyzed the flexural behavior of cold-formed steel closed built-up channel sections with and without square perforations. Beams were tested under two-point loading to measure deflection. Results showed that sections with and without perforations had similar load capacities, indicating perforations do not significantly reduce strength. Theoretical calculations using design codes were also conducted and found to match experimental results reasonably well. It was concluded that incorporating perforations into cold-formed steel sections could reduce material costs without compromising structural performance.
IRJET- Behavior of Trapezoidal Corrugated Web Steel Built-Up Beam under Point...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that compared the behavior of steel beams with trapezoidal corrugated webs with different corrugation angles (25°, 30°, 35°, 45°, 60°) under point load conditions. Five steel beam specimens were fabricated and tested. The results showed that the beam with a 35° corrugation angle experienced 21-82% less central deflection and 31-104% less lateral displacement compared to the other beams, indicating it provided the optimal combination of strength and material efficiency. Therefore, a trapezoidal corrugated web with a 35° corrugation angle can result in improved structural behavior for steel beams.
The document outlines Barzin Mobasher's presentation on textile reinforced concrete structural sections. The presentation covers the introduction of textile reinforced concrete and its sustainability aspects. It then discusses directions for textile reinforced concrete and developing structural sections using ultra-high performance concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, and textile reinforced concrete systems. The presentation also reviews experimental characterization of distributed cracking, parametric material models, analytical load-deflection solutions, experimental verification, and conclusions.
This document discusses analytical procedures for modeling strain hardening cement-based composite (SHCC) flexural members. It presents:
1) Parametric material models for SHCC to define tensile and compressive stress-strain relationships.
2) Derivation of moment-curvature relationships for SHCC beams through cross-sectional analysis and stress-strain diagrams.
3) Analytical solutions for deflection of one-dimensional and two-dimensional SHCC members under different loading conditions using curvature distributions derived from moment-curvature analysis.
4) Experimental verification of the analytical modeling approach and design recommendations for SHCC flexural members.
Energy’s Method for Experimental Life Prediction of a 1 + 6 Strandtheijes
A method to calculate damage evolution during the life of a strand was developed in this paper. Based on simple tensile tests, it has the advantage of being time and money saving. The residual energy damage calculation was compared to the unified theory for different loading levels. The correlation between the two methods was found for a loading level of 1.49. The energy calculation method is verified comparing with another paper where the correlation was found for a loading level of 1.68 and the damage stages were the same.
Optimization of Machining Parameter for Surface Roughness on Wedm of En36 All...iosrjce
Machining of hard metal is difficult by conventional method to get high accuracy. Modern or non
conventional machining method are widely use now a days. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is
also a non conventional machining process which is mostly used. In machining of conductive materials by using
precisely controlled sparks that occur between a very thin wire and a work piece in the presence of a dielectric
fluid. The thin wire considered as a cutting tool. The aim of present study is to examine the effect of various
WEDM parameters on the surface roughness of EN36 alloy steel and to find out the set of parameters to
optimize the surface roughness of EN36. This study based on WEDM parameters like pulse on time, pulse off
time, peak current and voltage on surface roughness. In the present work we take thin brass wire (0.25mm) as
cutting tool. With the help of Taguchi method the experimental orthogonal array was designed and three levels
corresponding to each of the variables was taken. It is observed that current has the maximum effect and other
parameters have comparatively less effect during machining.
This document discusses flexural design procedures for UHPC beams and slabs. It presents a simplified bilinear moment-curvature relationship for UHPC and derives closed-form solutions for the load-deflection response of simply supported UHPC beams and panels. Equilibrium-based equations are used to determine the moment and curvature distributions along the beam. Parametric studies examine the effects of varying normalized moment and curvature on the curvature distribution and 2D deflection contour. Experimental verification is discussed.
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the design of an electrostatic precipitator cone structure through finite element analysis. Two models (A and B) with different stiffener arrangements were analyzed under various loads. Model B with vertical stiffeners had the lowest deformation of 36.781 mm compared to Model A's minimum of 88.114 mm, though it was heavier. Increasing the stiffener size from 150x75mm to 400x100mm decreased the deformation for both models while increasing the weight. The maximum deformation region was found to be at the center of the largest surface area. Model B was determined to be safer but more costly due to higher material needs.
Design of Hybrid Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams for Flexure AsuSSEBENA
This document summarizes research on the design of hybrid steel fiber reinforced concrete beams for flexure. It discusses how steel fibers can improve concrete's ductility, toughness, tensile strength and energy absorption. The research models the flexural behavior of these beams using a parametric linear materials model and closed-form solutions to determine moment-curvature responses. It verifies the analytical model against the ACI318 method and compares responses of reinforced concrete and hybrid reinforced concrete beams. Future work aims to develop analytical deflection equations for strain hardening/softening fiber beams and study composite sections using the same modeling approach.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the lateral buckling behavior of cold-formed steel beams with plain webs and trapezoidally corrugated webs. Six cold-formed steel beam specimens were tested under two-point loading: two with plain webs and four with 300° and 450° corrugated webs. The beams with corrugated webs exhibited higher load capacities and resistance to lateral buckling compared to those with plain webs. The 300° corrugated web beams performed best, failing by local flange buckling and carrying an average load 9% higher than the 450° corrugated beams and 25% more than the plain web beams.
SLIDING WEAR OF AA6061/CARBON BLACK METAL MATRIX COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
In this study, the effects of carbon black amount on fracture and wear behaviors of AA6061-carbon black metal matrix composites produced by stir casting route were investigated. Wear tests were performed in a pin on type wear apparatus under different loads of 10, 20, 30 N with different sliding speeds of 2, 3 and 4 m/s, at three different sliding distances of 500, 750 and 1000 m. The design of experiments was carried out as per Taguchi technique. Wear rate function was determined in terms of volume fraction, normal load, sliding speed and sliding distance. It was found that there was a good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental value of wear rate. Maximum sliding wear of 68.72% was attributed sliding distance. Sliding wear resistance increases by 42.56% for AA6061/30%CB metal matrix composites as compared to the matrix alloy AA6061
1. Thin films are layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers thick.
2. Common methods for applying thin films include physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and sol-gel.
3. Physical vapor deposition works by controllably transferring atoms from a source to a substrate, with important methods being evaporation and sputtering.
The document discusses thin films, which are layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers thick. Thin films can be single crystals, epitaxial, polycrystalline, or amorphous. They have properties like a high surface to volume ratio and geometric control from the substrate. Thin films are used in microelectronics, telecommunications, decorative coatings, optical coatings, sensors, and catalysts. Common deposition methods include liquid phase deposition, chemical bath deposition, and chemical vapor deposition.
Thin films are layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers thick. Thin film technology involves precisely depositing individual atoms or molecules onto a substrate through various deposition techniques, including physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Key properties of thin films like thickness, roughness, and chemical composition must be carefully controlled. Thin films have many applications, such as in solar cells, batteries, medical device coatings, and more. Emerging areas of thin film application include biodegradable and flexible energy storage devices.
Bismuth is a crystalline, brittle metal and constitutes the most naturally diamagnetic metal. Bismuth has the property that it expands as it freezes and also has unusually high electrical resistance for a metal. Its thermal conductivity is lower than any metal except mercury. Bismuth is a semimetal with rhombohedral crystal structure and Bi shows a semimetal-semiconductor transition in low-dimensional structures, hence making it a candidate for nano-technical applications. We aim to provide an introduction to these technical applications of bismuth nano-particles by way of this presentation.
Nano material and surface engineering pptVipin Singh
The document discusses the use of nano materials in surface engineering. It provides an introduction to nano materials and their applications. Some key points include:
- Nano materials have at least one dimension between 1-100 nanometers. They can exist naturally or be engineered.
- Surface engineering techniques like coatings and treatments are used to improve material properties and resistance to degradation.
- Nano materials can be used in coatings and composites to enhance mechanical, optical, and other properties when integrated as a reinforcing phase.
- A case study examines how nanostructured TiN/CrN coatings deposited at different temperatures influence mechanical and tribological properties. The lowest deposition temperature produced the highest hardness and wear
The document discusses surface modification of nanoparticles to improve their properties and applications. Surface modification can make nanoparticles more hydrophilic, hydrophobic, conductive or anticorrosive. Functionalizing nanoparticle surfaces is necessary to optimize properties for use in various fields like engineering, medicine and biology. Common modification techniques discussed are NMR, FTIR, RAMAN spectroscopy, and TEM imaging. Surface modification can improve nanoparticle dispersion, enhance coatings for scratch/corrosion resistance, and develop transparent, wear resistant or superhydrophobic coatings.
This document summarizes research on the tensile and flexural behavior of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) under high-speed and impact loads. High-speed testing systems were used to apply tensile and flexural impact loads to UHPC specimens. Digital image correlation was utilized to analyze crack propagation and strain fields. The research found that UHPC achieved tensile strengths over 20 MPa and flexural strengths exceeding 25 MPa. An analytical model was also developed that could predict UHPC's flexural impact response based on parameters like residual strength, localization zone size, and tensile and flexural properties.
This document discusses research on the mechanical properties of unidirectional polypropylene fiber cement composites. The research aims to study the properties of hydrophilic micro PP fibers compared to existing macro fiber technology in developing structural members. Tension and flexural tests on laminate systems with continuous fibers show that both macro and micro PP fibers increase strength and toughness with higher fiber volumes. Digital image correlation analysis indicates fibers promote distributed cracking and strain hardening behavior through mechanisms like crack bridging and pullout. The continuous fiber composites show potential for thin slab applications if design standards consider their strain hardening properties.
Analysis of R.C Deep Beam by Finite Element MethodIJMER
ABSTRACT : The analytical study of reinforced concrete simply supported deep beams subjected to two point loads was
carried out using finite element method to study the behavior of deep beam by considering flexural stress, flexural strain,
and shear stress variations at different sections for various effective lengths to depth ratio and compared with EulerBernoulli Theory. The effective span to depth ratios of the beams considered were 1.25, 1.375 and 1.5
Keywords: Finite Element Method (FEM), Reinforced Concrete (R.C) deep beam, Shear strength.
UGIPERM® 12FM is a ferritic stainless steel developed for magnetic applications that has high permeability and low coercive field. It contains 12% chromium, silicon additions, and is re-sulphurized. After magnetic annealing, it achieves maximum relative permeability between 2000-3000 and coercive field of 95-125 A/m. UGIPERM® 12FM has similar corrosion resistance to grade 430FR/4105Si and better corrosion resistance than iron-silicon steels due to its chromium and molybdenum content. It can be easily formed at temperatures between 850-1150°C and is more ductile than austenitic stainless steels.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Cold-Form Steel Section wi...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally analyzed the flexural behavior of cold-formed steel closed built-up channel sections with and without square perforations. Beams were tested under two-point loading to measure deflection. Results showed that sections with and without perforations had similar load capacities, indicating perforations do not significantly reduce strength. Theoretical calculations using design codes were also conducted and found to match experimental results reasonably well. It was concluded that incorporating perforations into cold-formed steel sections could reduce material costs without compromising structural performance.
IRJET- Behavior of Trapezoidal Corrugated Web Steel Built-Up Beam under Point...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that compared the behavior of steel beams with trapezoidal corrugated webs with different corrugation angles (25°, 30°, 35°, 45°, 60°) under point load conditions. Five steel beam specimens were fabricated and tested. The results showed that the beam with a 35° corrugation angle experienced 21-82% less central deflection and 31-104% less lateral displacement compared to the other beams, indicating it provided the optimal combination of strength and material efficiency. Therefore, a trapezoidal corrugated web with a 35° corrugation angle can result in improved structural behavior for steel beams.
The document outlines Barzin Mobasher's presentation on textile reinforced concrete structural sections. The presentation covers the introduction of textile reinforced concrete and its sustainability aspects. It then discusses directions for textile reinforced concrete and developing structural sections using ultra-high performance concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, and textile reinforced concrete systems. The presentation also reviews experimental characterization of distributed cracking, parametric material models, analytical load-deflection solutions, experimental verification, and conclusions.
This document discusses analytical procedures for modeling strain hardening cement-based composite (SHCC) flexural members. It presents:
1) Parametric material models for SHCC to define tensile and compressive stress-strain relationships.
2) Derivation of moment-curvature relationships for SHCC beams through cross-sectional analysis and stress-strain diagrams.
3) Analytical solutions for deflection of one-dimensional and two-dimensional SHCC members under different loading conditions using curvature distributions derived from moment-curvature analysis.
4) Experimental verification of the analytical modeling approach and design recommendations for SHCC flexural members.
Energy’s Method for Experimental Life Prediction of a 1 + 6 Strandtheijes
A method to calculate damage evolution during the life of a strand was developed in this paper. Based on simple tensile tests, it has the advantage of being time and money saving. The residual energy damage calculation was compared to the unified theory for different loading levels. The correlation between the two methods was found for a loading level of 1.49. The energy calculation method is verified comparing with another paper where the correlation was found for a loading level of 1.68 and the damage stages were the same.
Optimization of Machining Parameter for Surface Roughness on Wedm of En36 All...iosrjce
Machining of hard metal is difficult by conventional method to get high accuracy. Modern or non
conventional machining method are widely use now a days. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is
also a non conventional machining process which is mostly used. In machining of conductive materials by using
precisely controlled sparks that occur between a very thin wire and a work piece in the presence of a dielectric
fluid. The thin wire considered as a cutting tool. The aim of present study is to examine the effect of various
WEDM parameters on the surface roughness of EN36 alloy steel and to find out the set of parameters to
optimize the surface roughness of EN36. This study based on WEDM parameters like pulse on time, pulse off
time, peak current and voltage on surface roughness. In the present work we take thin brass wire (0.25mm) as
cutting tool. With the help of Taguchi method the experimental orthogonal array was designed and three levels
corresponding to each of the variables was taken. It is observed that current has the maximum effect and other
parameters have comparatively less effect during machining.
This document discusses flexural design procedures for UHPC beams and slabs. It presents a simplified bilinear moment-curvature relationship for UHPC and derives closed-form solutions for the load-deflection response of simply supported UHPC beams and panels. Equilibrium-based equations are used to determine the moment and curvature distributions along the beam. Parametric studies examine the effects of varying normalized moment and curvature on the curvature distribution and 2D deflection contour. Experimental verification is discussed.
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the design of an electrostatic precipitator cone structure through finite element analysis. Two models (A and B) with different stiffener arrangements were analyzed under various loads. Model B with vertical stiffeners had the lowest deformation of 36.781 mm compared to Model A's minimum of 88.114 mm, though it was heavier. Increasing the stiffener size from 150x75mm to 400x100mm decreased the deformation for both models while increasing the weight. The maximum deformation region was found to be at the center of the largest surface area. Model B was determined to be safer but more costly due to higher material needs.
Design of Hybrid Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams for Flexure AsuSSEBENA
This document summarizes research on the design of hybrid steel fiber reinforced concrete beams for flexure. It discusses how steel fibers can improve concrete's ductility, toughness, tensile strength and energy absorption. The research models the flexural behavior of these beams using a parametric linear materials model and closed-form solutions to determine moment-curvature responses. It verifies the analytical model against the ACI318 method and compares responses of reinforced concrete and hybrid reinforced concrete beams. Future work aims to develop analytical deflection equations for strain hardening/softening fiber beams and study composite sections using the same modeling approach.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the lateral buckling behavior of cold-formed steel beams with plain webs and trapezoidally corrugated webs. Six cold-formed steel beam specimens were tested under two-point loading: two with plain webs and four with 300° and 450° corrugated webs. The beams with corrugated webs exhibited higher load capacities and resistance to lateral buckling compared to those with plain webs. The 300° corrugated web beams performed best, failing by local flange buckling and carrying an average load 9% higher than the 450° corrugated beams and 25% more than the plain web beams.
SLIDING WEAR OF AA6061/CARBON BLACK METAL MATRIX COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
In this study, the effects of carbon black amount on fracture and wear behaviors of AA6061-carbon black metal matrix composites produced by stir casting route were investigated. Wear tests were performed in a pin on type wear apparatus under different loads of 10, 20, 30 N with different sliding speeds of 2, 3 and 4 m/s, at three different sliding distances of 500, 750 and 1000 m. The design of experiments was carried out as per Taguchi technique. Wear rate function was determined in terms of volume fraction, normal load, sliding speed and sliding distance. It was found that there was a good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental value of wear rate. Maximum sliding wear of 68.72% was attributed sliding distance. Sliding wear resistance increases by 42.56% for AA6061/30%CB metal matrix composites as compared to the matrix alloy AA6061
1. Thin films are layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers thick.
2. Common methods for applying thin films include physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and sol-gel.
3. Physical vapor deposition works by controllably transferring atoms from a source to a substrate, with important methods being evaporation and sputtering.
The document discusses thin films, which are layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers thick. Thin films can be single crystals, epitaxial, polycrystalline, or amorphous. They have properties like a high surface to volume ratio and geometric control from the substrate. Thin films are used in microelectronics, telecommunications, decorative coatings, optical coatings, sensors, and catalysts. Common deposition methods include liquid phase deposition, chemical bath deposition, and chemical vapor deposition.
Thin films are layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers thick. Thin film technology involves precisely depositing individual atoms or molecules onto a substrate through various deposition techniques, including physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Key properties of thin films like thickness, roughness, and chemical composition must be carefully controlled. Thin films have many applications, such as in solar cells, batteries, medical device coatings, and more. Emerging areas of thin film application include biodegradable and flexible energy storage devices.
Bismuth is a crystalline, brittle metal and constitutes the most naturally diamagnetic metal. Bismuth has the property that it expands as it freezes and also has unusually high electrical resistance for a metal. Its thermal conductivity is lower than any metal except mercury. Bismuth is a semimetal with rhombohedral crystal structure and Bi shows a semimetal-semiconductor transition in low-dimensional structures, hence making it a candidate for nano-technical applications. We aim to provide an introduction to these technical applications of bismuth nano-particles by way of this presentation.
Nano material and surface engineering pptVipin Singh
The document discusses the use of nano materials in surface engineering. It provides an introduction to nano materials and their applications. Some key points include:
- Nano materials have at least one dimension between 1-100 nanometers. They can exist naturally or be engineered.
- Surface engineering techniques like coatings and treatments are used to improve material properties and resistance to degradation.
- Nano materials can be used in coatings and composites to enhance mechanical, optical, and other properties when integrated as a reinforcing phase.
- A case study examines how nanostructured TiN/CrN coatings deposited at different temperatures influence mechanical and tribological properties. The lowest deposition temperature produced the highest hardness and wear
The document discusses surface modification of nanoparticles to improve their properties and applications. Surface modification can make nanoparticles more hydrophilic, hydrophobic, conductive or anticorrosive. Functionalizing nanoparticle surfaces is necessary to optimize properties for use in various fields like engineering, medicine and biology. Common modification techniques discussed are NMR, FTIR, RAMAN spectroscopy, and TEM imaging. Surface modification can improve nanoparticle dispersion, enhance coatings for scratch/corrosion resistance, and develop transparent, wear resistant or superhydrophobic coatings.
This document summarizes a study on the electrodeposition and characterization of copper oxide thin films for solar cell applications. The key points are:
1) Copper oxide thin films were electrodeposited on copper substrates using different deposition methods and parameters.
2) The films were characterized using EDS, FESEM, and Fischer Durlscope analysis to analyze their composition and structure.
3) Increasing the deposition time, temperature, copper sulfate concentration, and operating voltage increased the thickness of the copper oxide films.
4) The results indicate copper oxide films were successfully deposited and their properties evaluated, with future work aimed at developing them into commercial solar cells.
This document provides an overview of thin film deposition methods and thin film characterization techniques. It discusses the objectives of the course, which are to provide an understanding of thin film deposition methods, their capabilities and limitations. Hands-on demonstrations and experiments will help participants understand each deposition method and stimulate discussion. The document then summarizes various thin film deposition techniques like evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, their principles and examples of applications. It also summarizes various characterization techniques used to analyze thin films and determine properties like composition, structure, thickness and defects.
Methods for Characterization of Epitaxial Thin FilmsMatthew Clark
This document discusses methods for characterizing epitaxial thin films, including X-ray diffraction techniques. Epitaxial thin films consist of an ordered crystal structure that matches the underlying substrate. Pole figure diagrams and reciprocal space mapping are used to determine the degree of orientation and any lattice distortion between the film and substrate. In situ X-ray techniques allow studying thin film growth and structure changes in real-time.
Shulze - Surface and Thin Film Characterization of Superconducting Multilayer...thinfilmsworkshop
http://www.surfacetreatments.it/thinfilms
Surface and Thin Film Characterization of Superconducting Multilayer films for application in RF (Roland Schulze - 30')
Speaker: Roland Schulze - Los Alamos National Laboratory | Duration: 30 min.
Abstract
The use of multilayer ultra-thin films on the interior surfaces of Nb superconducting RF cavities shows great promise in substantially improving the performance characteristics of superconducting RF cavities into the 100 MV/m range by increasing the RF critical magnetic field, HRF, through careful choice of new materials and thin film structures. However, there are substantial materials science challenges associated with producing such complex film structures, particularly for conformal application of uniform thin films on the interior surfaces of RF cavities. Here we present surface and thin film analysis of ultra-thin films of two candidate materials, MgB2 and NbN superconductors, deposited through several different methods, along with multilayers produced with alternating superconductor and dielectric films. We report on the analysis methods and techniques, using primarily x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger spectroscopy with ion sputter depth profiling, and describe results from variety of thin film samples. The materials stability, microstructure, chemistry, and thin film morphology are highly dependent on methods and parameters used in the thin film deposition. From our analysis, important factors for producing quality superconducting and dielectric films include chemical stoichiometry, impurity content, deposition temperature, substrate choice and conditioning, choice of dielectric material, and the nature of the thin film interfaces. These factors will be discussed in the context of the production methods used for these ultra-thin superconducting films.
Virtual instrumentation for measurement of strain using thin film strain gaug...iaemedu
This document summarizes the development of a virtual instrumentation system for measuring strain using thin film strain gauge sensors. Thin film strain gauges were deposited on a cantilever beam using sputtering deposition. A LabVIEW program was developed to acquire and plot the resistance changes in the strain gauges under different loads. The system uses National Instruments hardware including a data acquisition board and signal conditioning modules to measure microstrains with errors within 0.5%. Thin film strain gauges offer improved performance over conventional foil gauges and this system can be applied to applications requiring precision strain measurements.
Virtual instrumentation for measurement of strain using thin film strain gaug...iaemedu
This document describes the development of a virtual instrumentation system for measuring strain using thin film strain gauge sensors. Thin film nickel-chromium strain gauges were deposited on a beryllium copper cantilever substrate using DC magnetron sputtering. The strain gauges were connected to a National Instruments data acquisition system using a signal conditioning unit. A LabVIEW virtual instrument was created to acquire and display the strain measurements in engineering units as weights were added to the cantilever. The indicated strain measurements matched the calculated strain values to within 0.5% error, demonstrating the effectiveness of the virtual instrumentation system for measuring micro-strain.
Finite Element Analysis of MEMS based Piezoresistive Diamond Thin Film Cantil...IRJET Journal
This document describes a finite element analysis of a MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensor using a diamond thin film cantilever. The analysis compares the performance of cantilevers made from poly-silicon and diamond thin film. Simulation results show that the cantilever made from diamond thin film exhibits higher stress levels, deflection, and sensitivity to pressure compared to poly-silicon. Specifically, the diamond thin film cantilever achieved a maximum sensitivity of 6.92 × 10-10 mΩ/kPa, higher than the poly-silicon design. The increased stiffness and strength of the diamond material contributes to its improved sensor performance characteristics.
Experimental stress analysis BE notes by mohammed imranMohammed Imran
7th semester, Experimental stress analysis notes as per VTU syllabus by Mohammed Imran, Asst. Prof., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ghousia College of Engineering-Ramanagaram-562159
ESA Module 1 Part-B ME832. by Dr. Mohammed ImranMohammed Imran
This document discusses electrical resistance strain gauges. It begins by introducing the principle behind how they operate, which was discovered by Lord Kelvin in 1856 using a Wheatstone bridge. Electrical resistance strain gauges have advantages like small size, negligible mass, and producing an electrical output. The document then discusses gauge factor and how a gauge's sensitivity is determined by both dimensional changes and changes in resistivity when strained. It also describes different types of gauge construction methods, including bonded wire, foil, and wrap-around styles. Key applications mentioned include experimental stress analysis of vehicles, structures, and machines.
Parametric study of light gauge steel lipped channel column sectioneSAT Journals
Abstract Light gauge steel lipped channel sections are being used popularly in shops, factories, automobile engineering and industries on account of their high strength to width ratio, simplicity in construction, flexibility in fabrication and high structural efficiency. A lot of research work has been carried out to study the structural behavior of axially loaded light gauge steel lipped column sections considering different parameters. However, structural behavior of light gauge steel lipped channel sections under eccentric loading has not received much attention. The present paper focuses on the experimental study of structural behavior of light gauge steel lipped channel sections under eccentric loading by varying loading position in between center of gravity and shear center of channel column section. Finite element analysis of the section is also done using Abaqus software for different positions of the load. The results indicate that, load carrying capacity of the section increases as the loading position shifts towards supported edge of the section. The failure of the section occurs in the form of local-distortional buckling approximately between 1/3rd - ½ of the height of column. Results obtained by software are found to be in good agreement with experimental results. Keywords – Light Gauge Lipped Channel Column, Structural Behavior, Local Buckling, Finite Element Analysis, Abaqus etc
This document summarizes a study on WC-Co coatings produced by HVOF spray technique on stainless steel substrates. Three coatings were produced with varying WC particle size ranges. SEM analysis showed uniform distribution of WC particles in the coatings. XRD analysis identified WC and Co phases in the coatings. Hardness testing and pin-on-disc wear testing was conducted under varying loads and speeds. The coating with larger WC particle size (45-90μm) exhibited the lowest wear rate, indicating improved wear resistance with larger WC particle size. SEM of the worn surfaces showed grooves, pulled out particles and cracks formed during wear testing.
Strain gauges measure deformation or strain in materials and structures caused by applied forces. There are different types of strain including axial, bending, shear, and torsional. Strain gauges work by measuring changes in electrical resistance caused by physical deformation. Common types include semiconductor, thin-film, and bonded resistance strain gauges. Strain gauges are widely used to monitor structures like bridges, buildings, and aircraft to detect deformation and prevent failures or accidents. They provide important safety and monitoring functions across many industries.
This document summarizes research on the electrical performance of flexible FinFET CMOS devices. Flexible FinFETs were fabricated using SOI wafers and subjected to bending stresses. Electrical measurements were taken under bending conditions. The results show that compressive stress has a more pronounced effect on device performance than tensile stress. Compressive stress decreases performance for both n-type and p-type FinFETs regardless of bending axis. The findings provide insights into integrating flexible CMOS technology into applications requiring both flexibility and high performance.
Strengthening of flexural and shear deficient RCC beam with nano composite ja...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the strengthening of flexurally and shear deficient reinforced concrete beams through ferrocement jacketing with nano silica-based mortar. Five beam models are created - an original deficient beam and beams with jacketing along the bottom at lengths of 500mm, 1000mm, 1500mm, and 2000mm. The beams are modeled and analyzed using ANSYS software. Results show that load carrying capacity and ductility increase with longer jacketing lengths, with the 2000mm jacket providing over a 40% increase in load capacity. Jacketed beams demonstrate improved load-deflection behavior compared to the original deficient beam. Therefore, ferrocement jacketing is an effective method for strengthening beams, with longer jackets producing greater structural
IRJET- Experimental Study of Double Skinnd Concrete Filled Steeltubular S...IRJET Journal
1) The document reports on an experimental study of double skin concrete filled steel tubular structures under bending.
2) Various double skin concrete filled steel tubular beam specimens with varying inner and outer tube dimensions and thicknesses were tested.
3) The bending test results showed that the beams performed well in flexure and had greater strength than comparable single-skin concrete filled steel tubes, due to composite action between the steel and concrete.
Numerical Study of Wire Mesh Orientation on Retrofitted RC Beams using Ferroc...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a numerical study using finite element analysis to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with ferrocement jackets containing different wire mesh orientations. Four beams were modeled and analyzed: a control beam without retrofitting and beams retrofitted with 0°, 45°, and 60° wire mesh orientations. The analysis found that the beam with a 45° wire mesh orientation exhibited the highest load carrying capacity and lowest deflection compared to the other beams. All of the retrofitted beams also showed an increase in ductility ratio compared to the control beam.
IRJET-Cyclic Response of Perforated Beam in Steel Column JointsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the cyclic response of perforated steel beams in column joints under finite element analysis. The study analyzed the effect of various web opening parameters on the energy dissipation capacity of beams with circular and elongated circular openings. A finite element model was validated against experimental data and then used to conduct a parametric study. The study found that energy dissipation increased as opening size and dimensions increased, with maximum dissipation achieved when the opening depth was 80% of the beam depth. Openings with an elongated circular shape oriented across the beam depth also dissipated more energy than other orientations. In general, beams with larger perforations performed better in dissipating energy during cyclic loading.
The COREMA system allow for non-destructive resistivity testing of semi-insulating wafers made with materials such as SiC, GaN, GaAs and CdZnTe. The range is 1E5- 1E12 ohm-cm.
SEISMIC RESILIENCE PERFORMANCE OF CORRUGATED STEEL SLIT SHEAR WALLSIRJET Journal
This document discusses the seismic performance of corrugated steel slit shear walls. Several models were analyzed to understand how design parameters like corrugation angle, slit number and geometry affect hysteretic behavior. The study found that a 90 degree corrugation angle and inclusion of slits improved energy dissipation. Additional models with split slits were then analyzed and a combination of full and split slits performed best. Finally, models with and without slits were compared to understand how slits impact wall behavior. Overall, the study provides insights into parameters that enhance seismic performance of corrugated steel slit shear walls.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Seismic optimization of an I shaped shear link damper in EBF and CBF systemsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of concentrically braced frames (CBF) and eccentrically braced frames (EBF) with different sizes of I-shaped shear link dampers through numerical modeling and pushover analysis. The study found that a CBF fitted with a 300x15x25 mm I-shaped damper showed the best performance in terms of maximum load capacity and ductility. Compared to an unbraced frame or CBF without a damper, the optimally sized damper significantly improved the seismic energy dissipation capacity and resilience of both CBF and EBF systems.
IRJET-Ballistic Performance of Bi-Layer Alumina/Aluminium and Honeycomb Sandw...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes numerical simulations of the ballistic performance of aluminum honeycomb sandwich structures with alumina ceramic face plates compared to a bi-layer alumina/aluminum armor. The simulations were conducted using HyperWorks Radioss finite element software. Validation of the model showed it could approximate the results for a bi-layer armor from a reference with 2.5% error. The simulations found that decreasing the honeycomb foil thickness and increasing the honeycomb thickness (while maintaining total thickness) resulted in lower residual velocities of the projectile, indicating better energy absorption. A honeycomb sandwich structure with 0.04mm foil thickness had the best performance overall compared to the bi-layer armor, absorbing more kinetic energy from the projectile
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR USING FINITE ELEMENT AN...IAEME Publication
An electrostatic precipitator is designed to trap and remove dust particles from the exhaust gas. The computer aided design and finite element analysis of electrostatic precipitator cone structure has been carried out. For static structure analysis two models (Model A and Model B) is being
considered having horizontal and vertical stiffener arrangement.
Effect of beam current, weld speed and dissolution on mechnical and microstru...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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This document summarizes a research paper that proposes methods for detecting message modification and replay attacks in ad-hoc wireless networks. It begins with background on security issues in wireless networks and types of attacks. It then reviews existing intrusion detection systems and security techniques. Related work that detects attacks using features from the media access control layer or radio frequency fingerprinting is also discussed. The paper aims to present a simple, economical, and platform-independent system for detecting message modification, replay attacks, and unauthorized users in ad-hoc networks.
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This document proposes a mobile safety system for automobiles that uses Android operating system. The system has two main components: a safety device and an automobile base unit. The safety device allows users to monitor the vehicle's location on a map, check its status, and control functions remotely. It communicates with the base unit in the vehicle using GPRS. The base unit collects data from sensors, determines the vehicle's GPS location, and can execute control commands like activating the brakes or switching off the engine. The document provides details on the design and algorithms of both components and includes examples of Java code implementation. The goal is to create an intelligent, secure and easy-to-use mobile safety system for vehicles using embedded systems and Android
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