Numerical and experimental study of shape memory alloy actuated dva for vibration control of cantilever beam

1. Numerical and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Dva For Vibration Control of
Cantilever Beam, R. B. Barjibhe, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated
by Gisi (www.jifactor.com)
www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 60 editor@iaeme.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSGBCOET, Bhusawal, Maharashtra, India
2
Principal, J. T. Mahajan College of Engineering, Faizpur, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are one of the most widely used smart materials in many
applications because of their shape memory effect property and pseudo elastic behaviour. This paper
describes numerical and experimental platform which analyzes and controls the vibration of a Shape
Memory Alloy (SMA) actuated cantilever beam. The system consists of cantilever beam fixed with
C Clamp. The shaker is used to generate real time vibration with the help of function generator. The
SMA springs with mass is attached at the free end. The experiments were carried out by using SMA
and conventional spring. The FFT, accelerometer and non contact type displacement sensor were
interfaced with PAK software to note the results. According to the experimental setup the cantilever
beam with spring mass system is modelled in ANSYS Workbench R15.0. And harmonic response
analysis was done, and results are compared over range of frequencies.
Keywords: ANSYS, DVA, FFT, PAK Software, SMA spring.
I. INTRODUCTION
Metal alloys that are capable of reclaiming a certain shape when heated i.e. they can recover
from large damages without permanent deformation is called a shape memory effect [1]. Shape-
memory materials (SMMs) are one of the most important elements of intelligent/smart composites
because of their different properties, such as the shape-memory effect (SME), pseudo elasticity or
large recoverable stroke (strain), high damping capacity and adaptive properties which are due to the
(reversible) phase transitions in the materials [2]. Shape memory effect and super elastic effect are the
two wonderful behaviors of shape memory alloys (SMAs), which are directly dependent to
temperature. The super elastic behavior of SMAs exhibits better recentering effect. This behavior has
drawn much attention from civil engineers, particularly for earthquake resistant design of structures
[3].
SMMs may sense thermal, mechanical, magnetic, or electric stimulus and disclose actuation or
some preset response, making it possible to tune some technical parameters namely shape, position,
strain, rigidity, natural frequency, damping, friction, and other static and dynamical features of
material systems in response to the environmental changes [2]. Recently, in biomedical, commercial,
and aerospace industries, several applications of shape memory alloys have been employed due to its
higher quality and reliability, coupled with a considerable reduction in cost [4]. SMAs may also have
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SHAPE MEMORY
ALLOY ACTUATED DVA FOR VIBRATION CONTROL OF
CANTILEVER BEAM
R. B. Barjibhe1
, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar2
Volume 6, Issue 6, June (2015), pp. 60-67
Article ID: 30120150606007
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology
© IAEME: http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET.asp
ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online)
IJMET
© I A E M E

2. Numerical and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Dva For Vibration Control of
Cantilever Beam, R. B. Barjibhe, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated
by Gisi (www.jifactor.com)
www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 61 editor@iaeme.com
found applications in several areas due to their high power density, solid state actuation, high
damping capacity, robustness, and fatigue resistance. When integrated with civil structures, SMAs can
be passive, semi-active, or active components to diminish damage caused by environmental impacts
or underground eruption [5].
There are two types of SMA (Shape memory alloy) they are
• One way shape memory
• Two way shape memory
1.1. One way shape memory
In one way shape memory the metal can be stretched or bend when that particular metal is in
cold state ie. (Below Tc) This will retain the similar shape till the heating level reaches the transition
temperature ie. (above Th). In this type the material can changes its properties when it is in cold
condition and retain its original position when it is heated. Where Tc is said to be -150°c and 200°c &
Th is said to be 2°c to 20°c
1.2. Two way shape memory
In this type, the material reflects one of its properties when it is in cold condition and reflects
another property when it is heated.
SMAs are smart materials, and their physical properties vary as a function of temperature. The
stiffness of the SMA spring can be controlled by varying the electrical current supplied to it. This
causes the transition of the material phase from martensite to austenite phase which in turn increases
the spring’s Young’s Modulus. This result in generation of great potential which can be used to
control the vibration
II. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
Wherever Times is specified, Times Roman or Times New Roman may be used. If neither is
available on your word processor, please use the font closest in appearance to Times. The cantilever
beam used in the experiment is made up of aluminum of length 600mm, breadth 40.08mm and
thickness 6.1mm. SMA helical springs used in this experiment were procured from Dynalloy Inc,
USA.
The wire diameter of spring is 0.75mm, Mean diameter is 6mm and the number of active turns
is 20. The shaker is used to generate the real time vibration which is regulated by function generator.
The cantilever beam used in the experiment is made up of aluminum of length 600mm, breadth
40.08mm and thickness 6.1mm. SMA helical springs used in this experiment were procured from
Dynalloy Inc, USA.
The wire diameter of spring is 0.75mm, Mean diameter is 6mm and the number of active turns
is 20. The shaker is used to generate the real time vibration which is regulated by function generator.
The stiffness of the spring is calculated experimentally. An accelerometer of sensitivity 100 mV/g is
attached to the beam which is coupled to the FFT to record the amplitude of vibration. The Non
contact type displacement sensor of range ± 50mm is fixed over the beam. The FFT and non contact
type displacement sensor are interfaced with computer along with PAK software. The force excitation
frequency of cantilever beam is determine experimentally as 21.5 Hz so a frequency range of 18.5 Hz
to 25.5 Hz is selected to check the capability of SMA spring to control the vibration. The
experimental set up is shown in Fig 1.

3. Numerical and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Dva For Vibration Control of
Cantilever Beam, R. B. Barjibhe, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated
by Gisi (www.jifactor.com)
www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 62 editor@iaeme.com
(a)
(b)
Fig.1. (a) & (b) Experimental Set up
III. MEASUREMENT OF AMPLITUDE AND ACCELERATION USING CONVENTIONAL
AND SMA SPRINGS
The dimensions of the conventional spring are same as that of the SMA spring. The beam was
excited over a frequency range of 18.5 Hz to 25.5 Hz and frequency Vs amplitude and acceleration Vs
amplitude is recorded. The conventional spring is replaced by Single SMA spring, two SMA spring in
parallel and three SMA spring in parallel and result are noted which is shown in following graphs.

4. Numerical and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Dva For Vibration Control of
Cantilever Beam, R. B. Barjibhe, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated
by Gisi (www.jifactor.com)
www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 63 editor@iaeme.com
Fig 2. Graphs of Frequency Vs Acceleration for 1 SMA spring
Fig 3. Graphs of Frequency Vs Acceleration for 2 SMA spring

5. Numerical and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Dva For Vibration Control of
Cantilever Beam, R. B. Barjibhe, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated
by Gisi (www.jifactor.com)
www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 64 editor@iaeme.com
Fig 4. Graphs of Frequency Vs Acceleration for 3 SMA spring
Fig 5. Graphs of Frequency Vs Acceleration for conventional spring

6. Numerical and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Dva For Vibration Control of
Cantilever Beam, R. B. Barjibhe, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated
by Gisi (www.jifactor.com)
www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 65 editor@iaeme.com
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
18.5 19.5 20.5 21.5 22.5 23.5 24.5 25.5
Amplitudeinmm
Frequency in Hz.
Without Absorber
Conventional
One SMA
Two SMA in Parallel
Three SMA in Parallel
Fig.6. Experimental Comparison of Amplitude of Vibration for Without absorber, Conventional, 1
SMA, 2SMA in parallel and 3 SMA in parallel for cantilever beam at free end
IV. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
According to the experimental setup the cantilever beam with spring mass system is modelled in
ANSYS Workbench R15.0. Material properties were specified and fine meshing was done. The
boundary conditions were defined and harmonic response analysis was carried out for different
conditions and results were calculated for amplitude of vibration. The model and FEA results are as
follows.
Fig.7. Application of force at center of cantilever beam

7. Numerical and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Dva For Vibration Control of
Cantilever Beam, R. B. Barjibhe, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated
by Gisi (www.jifactor.com)
www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 66 editor@iaeme.com
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
18.5 19.5 20.5 21.5 22.5 23.5 24.5 25.5
Amplitudeinmm
Frequency in Hz.
Without Absorber
Conventional
One SMA
Two SMA in Parallel
Three SMA in Parallel
Fig. 8. FEA Comparison of Amplitude of Vibration for Without absorber, Conventional, 1 SMA,
2SMA in parallel and 3 SMA in parallel for cantilever beam at free end
V. CONCLUSION
This research work has been focused on numerical and experimental analysis of cantilever
beam with conventional springs and shape memory alloy springs connected in parallel. The results
demonstrate the effectiveness of using SMA springs based DVA for controlling vibration both in
experimentally and numerically. The closely coil helical springs are used for conducting the
experiment and it is noticed that SMA spring can generate large force and By using multiple SMA
springs in parallel the vibration can be reduce up to 89%. The numerical results are closely mapping
with the experimental results and percentage of error is less than 7%. The results demonstrate that
the SMA springs are more effective in vibration control.
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8. Numerical and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Dva For Vibration Control of
Cantilever Beam, R. B. Barjibhe, Dr. Bimlesh Kumar, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated
by Gisi (www.jifactor.com)
www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 67 editor@iaeme.com
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