This document discusses research on the mechanical properties of unidirectional polypropylene fiber cement composites. The research aims to study the properties of hydrophilic micro PP fibers compared to existing macro fiber technology in developing structural members. Tension and flexural tests on laminate systems with continuous fibers show that both macro and micro PP fibers increase strength and toughness with higher fiber volumes. Digital image correlation analysis indicates fibers promote distributed cracking and strain hardening behavior through mechanisms like crack bridging and pullout. The continuous fiber composites show potential for thin slab applications if design standards consider their strain hardening properties.
Dislocation and twin substructure evolution during strain hardening of an Fe–22 wt.% Mn–0.6 wt.% C TWIP steel observed by electron channeling contrast imaging
A Study of Pulse by Pulse Microscale Patch Transfer Using Picosecond LaserIJERA Editor
The shape restoring capability of Ti/Ni has potential to overcome the shrinkage of polymer in mould cavity, which has potential of solving the demoulding problems and helps dimension accuracy in micro/nano injection molding. However, the deposition of Ti/Ni film precisely and securely on specific location of the micro mould cavity present difficulties with conventional deposition methods. In this paper, the use of photonic impact forward transfer method to deposit Ti/Ni film patches on specific locations of a substrate is demonstrate using a picosecond laser. Pulse by pulse deposition control parameters affecting position accuracy and spot size were studied in this paper. It was found that although laser power, and distance between donor films and the substrate all influence the spot sizes of pulse by pulse deposited patches, adjusting spot size by changing laser power is better than changing distance due to separated particles being found around the deposited film patches. Results of this study proved the feasibility of depositing Ti/Ni film patches on specific location using pico-second laser with high position accuracy. The potential of using photonic impact forward transfer as a complementing method to laser powder 3D printing of difficult to process material to produce better surface quality microproducts such as micro moulds for micro-injection molding is tremendous.
Static Analysis of Single Lap Joint of Composite Materialsijsrd.com
Mechanically fastened joints are critical parts in composite aircraft structures. The composite structural members are highly used in the following applications such as aerospace, automobiles, marine, architecture etc., In the past decades, adhesive bonding is a practical joint method for joining composite materials which provide low shear and tensile strength .To improve the tensile strength, the joint is made with material joint. Glass Fiber/Chopped strands mat and Bi-Directional fly / Epoxy composite is fabricated by hand lay-up method. The tensile properties of the material joint are obtained and compared with that of bolted joint. The experimental results shows that the material joint has superior tensile properties than the bolted joint and the Bi-Directional fly composite exhibits superior tensile strength than the chopped strands mat. Finite element analysis also done and compared with the experimental results and found to be similar.
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study of Damage to ABS Specimens Submitted To Uniaxial Loadingtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Dislocation and twin substructure evolution during strain hardening of an Fe–22 wt.% Mn–0.6 wt.% C TWIP steel observed by electron channeling contrast imaging
A Study of Pulse by Pulse Microscale Patch Transfer Using Picosecond LaserIJERA Editor
The shape restoring capability of Ti/Ni has potential to overcome the shrinkage of polymer in mould cavity, which has potential of solving the demoulding problems and helps dimension accuracy in micro/nano injection molding. However, the deposition of Ti/Ni film precisely and securely on specific location of the micro mould cavity present difficulties with conventional deposition methods. In this paper, the use of photonic impact forward transfer method to deposit Ti/Ni film patches on specific locations of a substrate is demonstrate using a picosecond laser. Pulse by pulse deposition control parameters affecting position accuracy and spot size were studied in this paper. It was found that although laser power, and distance between donor films and the substrate all influence the spot sizes of pulse by pulse deposited patches, adjusting spot size by changing laser power is better than changing distance due to separated particles being found around the deposited film patches. Results of this study proved the feasibility of depositing Ti/Ni film patches on specific location using pico-second laser with high position accuracy. The potential of using photonic impact forward transfer as a complementing method to laser powder 3D printing of difficult to process material to produce better surface quality microproducts such as micro moulds for micro-injection molding is tremendous.
Static Analysis of Single Lap Joint of Composite Materialsijsrd.com
Mechanically fastened joints are critical parts in composite aircraft structures. The composite structural members are highly used in the following applications such as aerospace, automobiles, marine, architecture etc., In the past decades, adhesive bonding is a practical joint method for joining composite materials which provide low shear and tensile strength .To improve the tensile strength, the joint is made with material joint. Glass Fiber/Chopped strands mat and Bi-Directional fly / Epoxy composite is fabricated by hand lay-up method. The tensile properties of the material joint are obtained and compared with that of bolted joint. The experimental results shows that the material joint has superior tensile properties than the bolted joint and the Bi-Directional fly composite exhibits superior tensile strength than the chopped strands mat. Finite element analysis also done and compared with the experimental results and found to be similar.
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study of Damage to ABS Specimens Submitted To Uniaxial Loadingtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Structural Health Monitoring of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Leaf Springpaperpublications3
Abstract: The Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has gained wide acceptance in the recent years as a means to monitor a structure and provide an early warning of an unsafe condition using real time data. Many researchers have shown that, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite leaf springs can be successfully used for suspension systems. This paper emphasizes on developing the SHM system for E-Glass/Epoxy FRP composite leaf springs based on strain sensing.
Keywords: Structural health monitoring, Fiber reinforced polymer, Strain-gauge sensors, Composite leaf spring, E-Glass/Epoxy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
My research at Boston University (May 2013)
1. Thesis: Viscoelastic testing and modeling of PDMS micropillars for cellular force measurement
2. Side Projects
1) Conducting polymer actuators
2) PDMS and conducting polymer nanowire composites
3) Silicon oxycarbide thin films
4) Tribological study of DLC coatings
Dynamic Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Composite Beam With CrackIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Composites have numerous applications in engineering field. In engineering design averting failure of composite material system has been a vital concern. Composite are subjected to numerous types of damage, mostly cracks and delamination. The presence of crack causes a variation in stiffness and it also affects the mechanical behavior of entire structure. Cracks are caused by fatigue under service conditions as a consequence of limited fatigue strength. Measurement of natural frequency can be taken as a tool to identify the presence of cracks which are propagated due to fluctuating stress conditions. In the present work an attempt has been made to find the natural frequencies of fiber reinforced composite cantilever beams with and without presence of a transverse surface crack. E-Glass fiber reinforced composite beams with epoxy resin having a volume fraction of 16.6% have been casted by hand lay-up method and are used for determination of natural frequencies of beams. The free vibration study is carried out by ATALON FFT analyzer, accelerometer and excitation by impact hammer. The DEWESOFT software is used to convert the responses from time domain to frequency domain and the Frequency Response Functions (FRF) are obtained. The experimental results are compared with numerical predictions using the FEM based software package ANSYS 16.2. The process of finding of natural frequencies is carried out for various crack depth ratios at various crack locations by both numerical and experimental methods. A good accord is observed between the experimental and ANSYS results.
This slide describes the smart materials that are commonly used in civil engineering infrastructure like bridge, road, building etc for measurement of deflection, crack and seismic protection.
Structural Health Monitoring of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Leaf Springpaperpublications3
Abstract: The Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has gained wide acceptance in the recent years as a means to monitor a structure and provide an early warning of an unsafe condition using real time data. Many researchers have shown that, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite leaf springs can be successfully used for suspension systems. This paper emphasizes on developing the SHM system for E-Glass/Epoxy FRP composite leaf springs based on strain sensing.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
2016 befib pp_textiles_final_a
1. Mechanical Properties Of Unidirectional Polypropylene
Fiber Cement Composites
Vikram Dey, Jacob Bauchmoyer, Himai Mehere, Emmanuel
Attiogbe*, Barzin Mobasher
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-5306
*Senior Expert, Development Head, Innovation Cluster Technologies, BASF
BEFIB 2016, 9th Rilem International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Concrete,
September, 2016, Vancouver, Canada
2. Introduction
Limited Tensile applications due to
the inherent brittleness and low
tensile strength.
TRC, UHPC, SHCC class of
materials are developed
Tensile and Flexural members –
Thin section applications
Modelling and design approach
based on analytical equations
Material properties are fiber and
textile dependent
4. Development of Structural Shapes using Pulltrusion
automated pultrusion system, full
scale structural shapes composed
of TRC laminates can be
manufactured efficiently and
effectively.
Pultrusion Process Schematic Diagram
Light gage steel sections
5. Pultruded Full Size TRC Structural Shapes
Cross section of pultruded shapes with TRC laminates
6. Research Objectives
Mechanical properties and reinforcing efficiency of
hydrophilic PP Micro fibers and their comparison with
existing Macro fiber technology in the development of
structural members
Fiber testing under uniaxial tension and fiber-matrix pullout testing
Study effect of volume fraction, fiber type, matrix design
Uniaxial tension and flexural tests
Laminate systems with continuous fibers and woven textiles
developed
Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to quantify crack
propagation and strain localizations.
7. Filament Winding Continuous manufacturing at ASU
Hardware consists of:
National Instruments (NI) integrated system
Gearbox
Power Supply units
4-axis stepper motion controller
4-axis motion interface
NI Motion driver software
Controlled casting process
Impregnation
Chamber
Laminate Mold
Motion Controller
Wetting Tank(a)
Direction of
Fiber
Linear Guide
Stepper Motor #1
Power Supply Units
Stepper Motor #2
with gear box
Chain and Sprocket
Assembly
Fiber
Roving
Feed
Section
Guidance
Take-up
Section
Mechanical Components
10. Effect of Fiber Embedded Length Macro PP vs. Steel
Pullout energy as the area
enclosed by load slip response.
maximum for embedded length of
25 mm for all fiber types
Maximum pullout force for MAC is
similar for embedded length 20
and 25 mm. But about 40 % less
at 10 mm.
11. Specimen Groups with Continuous Fibers
Volume fraction of yarns controlled by the number of windings per length on
the mold
Mix proportions by weight: FA/C = 0.15, S/CS = 0.45,
Both direct tension and four-point flexure groups indicated by asterisks (*)
Minimum four replicate samples per group
Group
ID
Yarn
Type
Yarn
Vf
Matrix Composition
I
MAC
2200C
B
1.0%
Base Mix/ControlII* 2.5%
4.0%
IV+
MF 40
1%
Base Mix/ControlV*+ 2.5%
4.0%
Material weight (g)
Portland Cement (Type
III/IV), C
5000
Fly Ash (Class F), FA 750
Fine Silica Sand, S 2500
Water, W 2010
12. Uniaxial Tension
Closed loop servohydraulic testing
Tension specimens cut form plates with nominal dimensions: 300 x 60x 12 mm
Loading fixture clamped grips with aluminum end plates, gage length: 200 mm
Two LVDTs used to measure axial deformation
Digital image correlation technique, post-processing of images
Load Cell
LVDTs
Tension
Specimen
Hydraulic
Grip
13. Typical Tensile Response and Parameters
Elastic modulus, E1
BOP+,BOP- in the linear portion
Modulus between BOP- and BOP+ (first crack) post-BOP modulus, E2
Modulus between BOP+ and UTS, tangent modulus, E3
Actuator stroke used to calculate toughness at 2.5 % (T1), 5 % (T2) strain.
m,cr
m,cr
Elastic Modulus
of Matrix
Multiple
Cracking
Debonding
& SlipFirst
crack
A
C
D
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stress
Strain
B
(a) Tensile stress-strain evolution
BOP
BOP
14. Flexural Test
Specimens 300(L) x 62(B) x 13 (T) mm
Four point bending, span of 250 mm
Two LVDTs measured midspan deflection
Static cameras capturing images for DIC
15. Displacements in Tension and Flexure:
Stroke and LVDT
Average LVDT deformation is used for stiffness, elastic and tangent modulus
Actuator displacement is used to calculate toughness at different levels of strain.
16. Effect of curing age and dosage, MF series
MF 40 at dosages of 1.0 and
2.5% tested after 7 and 28 days
of moist curing (73 F, 90% RH)
First crack and ultimate strength
(UTS) increased marginally with
longer hydration periods
Toughness increased
considerably due to fiber content
17. Effect of Fiber Volume Fraction on Tensile
Response of MAC
Fiber reinforcement increased the
toughness
Improvement in strength and toughness
can be seen with increase in volume
fraction.
First cracking strength increases by
30% and post-crack (tangent) modulus
increases by over 107%.
The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and
toughness measured from the area
enclosed within the stress-strain curve
increases by a factor of 2 at 4% dosage
Strengthening mechanisms - distributed
parallel cracking, crack bridging and
deflection, fiber pullout, fiber failure.
18. Effect of Fiber Dosage on Tensile Response
MF 40 vs. MAC – Significantly higher improvement in strength and toughness
with increase in volume fraction from 1.0 – 2.5%
Possible mechanisms, better bond with the matrix due to matrix penetration
between the filaments.
19. Micro Toughening Mechanism
1
2
3
Crac k Deflec tion
Debonding
Fric tional Sliding
Fibers and fiber-matrix interface prevents complete
localized failure in the matrix place through a series of
distributed cracks transverse to the direction of the load.
Distributed cracks enable deflection of matrix cracks
through fiber-matrix debonding and frictional
sliding of the fibers under tension
20. Toughening Mechanisms – MAC
Fiber bridging across loading directionDistributed cracks across loading direction
21. Toughening Mechanisms – MF 40
Cracks through thickness
Distributed cracks across
loading direction Major and minor cracks across loading direction
23. Digital Image Correlation (DIC)
Area of interest (AOI) and
subset in a reference image
Schematic presentation of a reference
subset before and after deformation
Displacements at each point of the virtual grid to obtain full-field deformation.
Automated determination of crack density, crack spacing, and damage evolution.
24. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Technique
Evolution of distributed cracking mechanism and local 3D strain field of
filament wound composite with MAC at 4% dosage in tension.
25. DIC , MAC Vf = 4%
Displacement contour
along the gage length for
4% Vf of MAC .
Displacement distribution across
different cracks along the gage length.
Time history of stress and
crack width development
Discontinuous distribution of the longitudinal displacement can be used to measure
the crack spacing and correlated with experimental stress and strain measured locally
with transducers.
Since the onset of first crack, a general decrease in crack spacing is observed until
they reach a steady state defined as saturation crack spacing.
27. Correlation of Damage Evolution
stages of composite stress
strain where the linear
elastic stage is represented
by almost vertical line.
Various cracking stages
within the range of 1%
strain.
New cracks formation while
older cracks widen.
Pronounced strain
hardening effect is observed
as the tensile stress
increases with a reduced
stiffness.
28. MAC, Vf = 4% MF40 , Vf = 4%
Crack Spacing Distribution for MAC and MF40
29. Conclusions
Continuous Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is used as a base
material for TRC development
Both macro and micro PP fibers are applicable for manufacturing
continuous fiber composites
Characterization of Strain hardening behavior using Tension and
Flexural tests
– Strain softening
Distributed cracking phase and post crack stiffness is a function fiber
content
suitable for to be used thin slab applications because
Constitutive models are applicable for design procedures are based
on the ultimate strength and servicability design concept.