This document discusses using phylogenetic signals to analyze the effects of Pangaea's breakup and the evolution of avian flight on the dispersal and endemism of Mesozoic dinosaurs. It presents hypotheses about continental distributions and movement influencing dinosaur distributions. Simulation models are developed to test the hypotheses, examining how distributions changed as continents split and organisms gained flight. The models suggest continental breakup drove endemism in non-avian dinosaurs, while flight drove dispersal in birds across fragments.

1. Detecting phylogenetic signals of endemism and
dispersal: the effects of Pangaean breakup and avian
flight on Mesozoic dinosaurs
Graeme T. Lloyd @GraemeTLloyd
Laura C. Soul @soulsci

2. Acknowledgements
David W. Bapst
@dwbapst
Katie E. Davis
@drkatiedavis
Matt Friedman
@Friedman_Lab

3. Prompt

4. What use are dinosaurs?
Prompt

5. Palaeobiogeography

6. Palaeobiogeography

7. Palaeobiogeography

8. Palaeobiogeography

9. Discrete area approaches
BioGeoBEARS

10. Continuous approach

11. Continuous approach

12. Continuous approach

13. Continuous approach

14. Hypotheses

15. Hypotheses

16. Hypotheses

17. Hypotheses

18. Data: phylogeny

19. Data: temporospatial

20. Results

21. Results

22. Results
Non-avian dinosaurs
Birds

23. Results
Non-avian dinosaurs
Birds

24. Results
Non-avian dinosaurs
Birds

25. Results
Non-avian dinosaurs
Birds

26. Results
Non-avian dinosaurs
Birds

27. Results
Non-avian dinosaurs
Birds

28. That’s all well and good in practice…

29. That’s all well and good in practice…

30. That’s all well and good in practice…

31. Challenges

32. Challenges

33. Challenges

34. Circleworld

35. Circleworld
x
r

36. Circleworld
x
x = 2r(1 – squishiness)

37. Model inputs: continents

38. Model inputs: continents

39. Model inputs: continents

40. Model inputs: continents

41. Model inputs: continents

42. Model inputs: continents

43. Model inputs: continents

44. Model inputs: organisms

45. Model inputs: organisms

46. Model inputs: organisms

47. Model inputs: organisms

48. Model inputs: organisms

49. github.com/laurasoul/dispeRse
Code

50. Simulation run

51. Simulation run
“Pangaea”

52. Simulation run
“Pangaea”
Clade start point

53. Simulation run

54. Simulation approach

55. Simulation approach

56. Simulation approach

57. Simulation results

58. Extending the model

59. Extending the model
Land Shelf

60. Extending the model
Land Shelf

61. Extending the model
Land Shelf

62. Extending the model
Land Shelf

63. Extending the model

64. Extending the model

65. Extending the model

66. Extending the model

67. Conclusions

68. Conclusions
✔

69. Conclusions
✔ ✔

70. Conclusions
✔ ✔
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71. Conclusions
✔ ✔
✖