This document discusses the design of a 64-bit error tolerant adder. It begins with an introduction to error tolerant adders and describes dividing the adder into an accurate part and inaccurate part. It then discusses the design of the accurate part using an 8-transistor ripple carry adder and the design of the inaccurate part using a carry-free addition block and control block. It also describes a 3-transistor XOR gate design and compares the power consumption of adders. The implementation of the 64-bit error tolerant adder is shown using Tanner EDA tool, including the waveform results. In summary, the document presents the circuit design and simulation results of a 64-bit low power error tolerant
This document proposes an error tolerant adder (ETA) that can provide approximate results at a higher speed than conventional adders. The ETA consists of an accurate part built with a ripple carry adder and an inaccurate part containing a carry-free addition block and control block. The inaccurate part determines the speed, power, and accuracy of the ETA. The ETA was designed, simulated, and synthesized, showing improvements in delay, power, and area at the cost of accuracy. Potential applications of the ETA include signal and image processing where exact results are not required.
Power optimisation scheme of induction motor using FLC for electric vehicleAsoka Technologies
In electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs, energy efficiency is essential where the energy storage is limited. Adding to its high stability and low cost, the induction motor efficiency improves with loss minimisation. Also, it can consume more power than the actual need to perform its working when it is operating in less than full load condition. This study proposes a control strategy based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC) for EV applications. FLC controller can improve the starting current amplitude and saves more power. Through the MATLAB/SIMULINK software package, the performance of this control was verified through simulation. As compared with the conventional proportional integral derivative controller, the simulation schemes show good, high-performance results in time-domain response and rapid rejection of system-affected disturbance. Therefore, the core losses of the induction motor are greatly reduced, and in this way improves the efficiency of the driving system. Finally, the suggested control system is validated by the experimental results obtained in the authors’ laboratory, which are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Dc motor speed control with the presence of input disturbance using neural ne...Mustefa Jibril
This document describes controlling the speed of a DC motor using neural network-based model reference and predictive controllers. The controllers are tested with and without input torque disturbances. The DC motor model, controller designs, simulation setup, and results are presented. The key findings are:
1. The DC motor with the model reference controller shows that the actual speed matches the desired speed better than the predictive controller, both with and without disturbances.
2. With no input disturbances, both controllers perform well at tracking random and sinusoidal speed profiles.
3. With input disturbances, the model reference controller continues tracking the profiles well while the predictive controller performance degrades more.
4. The model reference controller demonstrates better performance and
Implementation of Carry Skip Adder using PTLIRJET Journal
The document proposes a design and implementation of a carry skip adder using pass transistor logic to improve performance over a conventional carry skip adder. It describes the structures of a conventional carry skip adder and the proposed pass transistor logic carry skip adder. Simulation results show that the proposed design reduces the number of transistors, area, delay, and average power compared to the conventional carry skip adder.
Comparisons of fuzzy mras and pid controllers for ems maglev trainMustefa Jibril
This document compares the performance of fuzzy logic, PID, and MRAS controllers for controlling an electromagnetic suspension (EMS) system on a maglev train. It presents the mathematical models for the maglev train system and controller designs. Simulation results show that the MRAS controller has the shortest settling time and rise time, while the PID controller has the lowest percentage overshoot. The controllers are able to maintain stability of the train and track changes in the air gap over time. The fuzzy logic controller provides effective control but with longer settling and rise times than the MRAS controller.
Design and Implementation of an Electrical Lift Controlled using PLC IJECEIAES
This paper represents the possibility of controlling an electrical elevator model using PLC and studying some parameters to ensure its work, this model have been designed and constructed to perform a completed elevator work in an automating technique according to its programming and controlling method that making the connecting much more easier and safer than real relays and complicated wiring method. As well as the small DC motor drive (gear box) electrical motor that used to drive the elevator cabinet which made the transition from floor to floor much smoother and much efficient than the traditional elevators.
Design and implementation of antenna control servo system for satellite grouIAEME Publication
This document summarizes the design and implementation of an antenna control servo system for a satellite ground station. It describes the modeling and analysis of the system both theoretically and experimentally. Key aspects include designing the drive control system for the antenna, integrating drive chains for elevation and azimuth axes, optimizing the system through mathematical modeling and simulation, and testing the operational system by tracking real satellite passes. Both simulation and experimental results showed the system providing stable and accurate antenna positioning to receive satellite data as required.
The hardware implementation of sensorless brushless direct current motor drive incorporating H-infinity control strategy with optimized weights by particle swarm optimization in the speed control is carried out in this work. The methodology involved in the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor control with sensorless position detection technique, the design of H-infinity speed controller, steps involved in particle swarm optimization for optimizing coefficients of its weights and the hardware implementation is discussed in detail in this paper. Texas Instruments microcontroller board C2000 Delfino Launchpad LAUNCHXL F28377S and driver BOOSTXL DRV8301 are used for realization of the speed controller. The code is developed using C2000 hardware support package in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. A comprehensive performance analysis is accomplished during starting of the motor and during the fast application and removal of load. This strategy is found to be robust resulting in faster load disturbance rejection and better reference speed tracking. The experimental results of the proposed strategy are compared with that of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The time domain parameters are also compared. It is found that the proposed strategy exhibits better performance characteristics during transients and sudden disturbances in load.
This document proposes an error tolerant adder (ETA) that can provide approximate results at a higher speed than conventional adders. The ETA consists of an accurate part built with a ripple carry adder and an inaccurate part containing a carry-free addition block and control block. The inaccurate part determines the speed, power, and accuracy of the ETA. The ETA was designed, simulated, and synthesized, showing improvements in delay, power, and area at the cost of accuracy. Potential applications of the ETA include signal and image processing where exact results are not required.
Power optimisation scheme of induction motor using FLC for electric vehicleAsoka Technologies
In electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs, energy efficiency is essential where the energy storage is limited. Adding to its high stability and low cost, the induction motor efficiency improves with loss minimisation. Also, it can consume more power than the actual need to perform its working when it is operating in less than full load condition. This study proposes a control strategy based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC) for EV applications. FLC controller can improve the starting current amplitude and saves more power. Through the MATLAB/SIMULINK software package, the performance of this control was verified through simulation. As compared with the conventional proportional integral derivative controller, the simulation schemes show good, high-performance results in time-domain response and rapid rejection of system-affected disturbance. Therefore, the core losses of the induction motor are greatly reduced, and in this way improves the efficiency of the driving system. Finally, the suggested control system is validated by the experimental results obtained in the authors’ laboratory, which are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Dc motor speed control with the presence of input disturbance using neural ne...Mustefa Jibril
This document describes controlling the speed of a DC motor using neural network-based model reference and predictive controllers. The controllers are tested with and without input torque disturbances. The DC motor model, controller designs, simulation setup, and results are presented. The key findings are:
1. The DC motor with the model reference controller shows that the actual speed matches the desired speed better than the predictive controller, both with and without disturbances.
2. With no input disturbances, both controllers perform well at tracking random and sinusoidal speed profiles.
3. With input disturbances, the model reference controller continues tracking the profiles well while the predictive controller performance degrades more.
4. The model reference controller demonstrates better performance and
Implementation of Carry Skip Adder using PTLIRJET Journal
The document proposes a design and implementation of a carry skip adder using pass transistor logic to improve performance over a conventional carry skip adder. It describes the structures of a conventional carry skip adder and the proposed pass transistor logic carry skip adder. Simulation results show that the proposed design reduces the number of transistors, area, delay, and average power compared to the conventional carry skip adder.
Comparisons of fuzzy mras and pid controllers for ems maglev trainMustefa Jibril
This document compares the performance of fuzzy logic, PID, and MRAS controllers for controlling an electromagnetic suspension (EMS) system on a maglev train. It presents the mathematical models for the maglev train system and controller designs. Simulation results show that the MRAS controller has the shortest settling time and rise time, while the PID controller has the lowest percentage overshoot. The controllers are able to maintain stability of the train and track changes in the air gap over time. The fuzzy logic controller provides effective control but with longer settling and rise times than the MRAS controller.
Design and Implementation of an Electrical Lift Controlled using PLC IJECEIAES
This paper represents the possibility of controlling an electrical elevator model using PLC and studying some parameters to ensure its work, this model have been designed and constructed to perform a completed elevator work in an automating technique according to its programming and controlling method that making the connecting much more easier and safer than real relays and complicated wiring method. As well as the small DC motor drive (gear box) electrical motor that used to drive the elevator cabinet which made the transition from floor to floor much smoother and much efficient than the traditional elevators.
Design and implementation of antenna control servo system for satellite grouIAEME Publication
This document summarizes the design and implementation of an antenna control servo system for a satellite ground station. It describes the modeling and analysis of the system both theoretically and experimentally. Key aspects include designing the drive control system for the antenna, integrating drive chains for elevation and azimuth axes, optimizing the system through mathematical modeling and simulation, and testing the operational system by tracking real satellite passes. Both simulation and experimental results showed the system providing stable and accurate antenna positioning to receive satellite data as required.
The hardware implementation of sensorless brushless direct current motor drive incorporating H-infinity control strategy with optimized weights by particle swarm optimization in the speed control is carried out in this work. The methodology involved in the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor control with sensorless position detection technique, the design of H-infinity speed controller, steps involved in particle swarm optimization for optimizing coefficients of its weights and the hardware implementation is discussed in detail in this paper. Texas Instruments microcontroller board C2000 Delfino Launchpad LAUNCHXL F28377S and driver BOOSTXL DRV8301 are used for realization of the speed controller. The code is developed using C2000 hardware support package in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. A comprehensive performance analysis is accomplished during starting of the motor and during the fast application and removal of load. This strategy is found to be robust resulting in faster load disturbance rejection and better reference speed tracking. The experimental results of the proposed strategy are compared with that of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The time domain parameters are also compared. It is found that the proposed strategy exhibits better performance characteristics during transients and sudden disturbances in load.
Impact analysis of actuator torque degradation on the IRB 120 robot performan...IJECEIAES
Actuators in a robot system may become faulty during their life cycle. Locked joints, free-moving joints, and the loss of actuator torque are common faulty types of robot joints where the actuators fail. Locked and free-moving joint issues are addressed by many published articles, whereas the actuator torque loss still opens attractive investigation challenges. The objectives of this study are to classify the loss of robot actuator torque, named actuator torque degradation, into three different cases: Boundary degradation of torque, boundary degradation of torque rate, and proportional degradation of torque, and to analyze their impact on the performance of a typical 6-DOF robot (i.e., the IRB 120 robot). Typically, controllers of robots are not pre-designed specifically for anticipating these faults. To isolate and focus on the impact of only actuator torque degradation faults, all robot parameters are assumed to be known precisely, and a popular closed-loop controller is used to investigate the robot’s responses under these faults. By exploiting MATLAB-the reliable simulation environment, a simscape-based quasi-physical model of the robot is built and utilized instead of an actual expensive prototype. The simulation results indicate that the robot responses cannot follow the desired path properly in most fault cases.
Disturbance observer-based controller for inverted pendulum with uncertaintie...IJECEIAES
A new approach based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique for stabilizing the inverted pendulum is developed in this article. The unknown states are estimated as well as the system is stabilized simultaneously by employing the observer-based controller. In addition, the impacts of the uncertainties are taken into consideration in this paper. Unlike the previous studies, the uncertainties in this study are unnecessary to satisfy the bounded constraints. These uncertainties will be converted into the unknown input disturbances, and then a disturbance observer-based controller will be synthesized to estimate the information of the unknown states, eliminate completely the effects of the uncertainties, and stabilize inverted pendulum system. With the support of lyapunov methodology, the conditions for constructing the observer and controller under the framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived in main theorems. Finally, the simulations for system with and without uncertainties are exhibited to show the merit and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Cost and performance optimization of induction motor using geneticIAEME Publication
This document describes research on optimizing the design of induction motors using genetic algorithms. It presents three optimal motor designs that were compared to a classically designed motor with the same ratings. The genetic algorithm optimization considered three objective functions: efficiency, torque, and cost. Key design variables like stator and rotor dimensions were selected as variables to be optimized. Performance constraints like efficiency, power factor, and current densities were also defined. The optimal designs found by the genetic algorithm were intended to improve performance while reducing costs compared to the classical design approach.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by DSTATCOM Control by Artificial Neural Net...IRJET Journal
This document presents a method for using an artificial neural network to control a DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) to improve power quality in a distribution system. A DSTATCOM is connected to the distribution system and used to compensate for power quality issues like voltage variations caused by nonlinear loads. An instantaneous symmetrical component theory is used to generate reference supply currents. Terminal voltages are compared to a reference to produce an error signal that is fed into an artificial neural network. The neural network output controls the DSTATCOM to inject compensating currents and regulate the voltage at the point of common coupling, improving power quality. Simulation results demonstrate the DSTATCOM is able to maintain sinusoidal voltages during load changes that previously caused undervoltage issues
In industrial electric drive systems, it is common to find objects that need to solve the problem of angular position control, moving the object from one position to another asymptotically with no over-correction and guarantee. calculation of maximum fast impact. This is a multi-target optimization problem with many different solutions. This paper presents a method of constructing a PMSM motor position controller with a variable structure using dSPACE 1104 card. The system consists of a position control loop with a variable structure that is an outer loop and a speed control loop degree is the inner loop. In which, the speed adjustment loop uses adaptive law to compensate for uncertain functions and build a sliding mode observation to estimate load torque, friction and noise. The results of the simulation study were verified on Matlab-Simulink environment and experimented on dSPACE 1104 card to check the correctness of the built controller algorithm. The research results in the paper are the basis for the evaluation and setting up of control algorithms, design of electric drive systems in industry and the military.
IEEE International Conference PresentationAnmol Dwivedi
IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE -
Paper Title "Real-Time Implementation of Phasor Measurement Unit Using NI CompactRIO".
Code Available on: https://github.com/anmold-07/Synchrophasor-Estimation
This paper reports on the design and implementation in DSP as hardware in the loop of a nonlinear control strategy for a grid-connected variable speed wind turbine using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The objective of this work is to build a real-time nonlinear hybrid approach combining Backstepping control and sliding mode control strategies for DFIG used in wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The results of the DSP implementation are discussed and qualitative and quantitative performance evaluations are performed under various disturbed conditions. The implementation is performed using the TMS320F28335 DSP combined with the MATLAB/Simulink (2016a) environment. The experimental results have been satisfactorily achieved, which implies that the proposed strategy is an efficient and robust approach to monitor the WECS.
Study of Reliability Analysis to the Iraqi South Region NetworkIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the reliability of the 400kV power network in southern Iraq using the path tracing method. It identifies 12 power flow paths between generation stations and distribution stations. Using a matrix and the Minitab program, it calculates the failure rate and repair rate of each component. It then determines 21 minimal cut sets that could cause failure and calculates the failure rate of each cut set. The results provide a reliability assessment of the southern Iraq 400kV network.
Power Optimization and Control in Wind Energy Conversion Systems using Fracti...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed method for optimizing power extraction from a wind energy conversion system (WECS) using fractional order extremum seeking control (FOESC). The WECS uses an induction generator connected to the grid through a matrix converter. An inner loop nonlinear controller based on field oriented control is used to control the generator along with an outer loop maximum power point tracking controller. The proposed outer loop controller is a FOESC, which is a non-model based optimization method that can track the maximum power point faster than conventional extremum seeking control methods. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of using FOESC for maximum power point tracking in a WECS.
Analysis and implementation of local modular supervisory control forIAEME Publication
1. The document describes the analysis and implementation of a local modular supervisory control system for a manufacturing cell using programmable logic controllers (PLCs).
2. A local modular approach is used where modular supervisors are obtained for each behavioral specification by considering only locally affected subsystems, avoiding state space explosion.
3. The modular supervisors are implemented on the PLC in a three-level structure that executes the supervisors concurrently and interfaces them to the physical system.
Performance Analysis of a DTC and SVM Based Field- Orientation Control Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
This study presents a performance analysis of two most popular control strategies for Induction Motor (IM) drives: direct torque control (DTC) and space vector modulation (SVM) strategies. The performance analysis is done by applying field-orientation control (FOC) technique because of its good dynamic response. The theoretical principle, simulation results are discussed to study the dynamic performances of the drive system for individual control strategies using actual parameters of induction motor. A closed loop PI controller scheme has been used. The main purpose of this study is to minimize ripple in torque response curve and to achieve quick speed response as well as to investigate the condition for optimum performance of induction motor drive. Depending on the simulation results this study also presents a detailed comparison between direct torque control and space vector modulation based field-orientation control method for the induction motor drive.
Failure Prediction Using Interaction between Parallel Links of FA EquipmentMasanoriHaga1
This document presents research on failure prediction for factory automation (FA) equipment using the interaction between parallel links. The researchers constructed a model using two servo motors arranged in parallel and collected sensor data under normal and abnormal load conditions. Using principal component analysis (PCA) on the data from both motors, they found changes in one motor's data that corresponded to abnormalities in the other, loaded motor. This suggests failure prediction may be possible using fewer sensors by analyzing interaction between parallel components. The researchers conclude PCA results support using this approach but that further work is needed to develop a full failure prediction algorithm and test it under multiple failure conditions.
This document discusses multiphysics modeling and simulation of induction machines using various software packages. It describes ANSYS, Flux2D/Flux-Portunus co-simulation, Motor-CAD co-simulation with SpeedLab, and Maxwell co-simulation with Ephysics software. It focuses on Maxwell software for finite element analysis modeling of an induction machine and presents simulation results for magnetic field, speed, torque, and losses using Maxwell. The results are then commented on.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A novel p q control algorithm for combined active front end converter and shu...eSAT Journals
This document presents a novel P-Q control algorithm for a combined active front end converter and shunt active filter (AFE+SAF). The AFE+SAF can compensate for reactive power, harmonic power, and unbalanced power produced by nonlinear and unbalanced loads, while maintaining sinusoidal source currents. The P-Q control algorithm meets the goals of load compensation and three-phase AC to DC power conversion for drives. The performance of the AFE+SAF was verified through simulation under different load conditions, including unbalanced linear loads, nonlinear loads, and combinations of these. Source current distortion was measured using %THD and found to comply with IEEE standards.
IRJET- Wind Turbine System Connected to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous GeneratorIRJET Journal
This document presents a mathematical model and simulation of a small wind turbine system connected to a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) without a gearbox. It describes the aerodynamic model of the wind turbine, the electrical model of the PMSG generator, and a zero d-axis current control scheme. The simulation was performed in Simulink/MATLAB and demonstrates the system's dynamic behavior under varying wind speeds. Key results shown include the mechanical power from the wind turbine, the electromagnetic torque and electrical outputs of the PMSG generator, and how they vary over a 10 second period.
The document discusses and compares different types of temperature sensors, including their advantages and disadvantages. NTC thermistors have advantages such as high sensitivity, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, ruggedness, and flexibility in packaging configurations. However, their output is non-linear. Platinum RTDs offer high accuracy and stability but are more expensive. Thermocouples are inexpensive but have non-linear outputs and require cold junction compensation. Semiconductors have limited applications and stability issues. The best sensor depends on the specific measurement needs and applications.
The document summarizes several events at an engineering olympiad organized by the University of Central Punjab. It provides details on 12 electrical engineering events, including circuit design, microcontroller programming, speed soldering, printed circuit board design, C++ programming, network design, MATLAB programming, and electrical installation. It also lists 7 general events like a treasure hunt, quiz competitions, and talent shows. For each event, it outlines the description, rules, evaluation criteria, and contact information for the event head.
Modeling and Simulation of an electrical micro-grid using MATLAB Simulink Sum...Aodhgan Gleeson
This project involves developing an accurate dynamic model of a micro-grid in MATLAB/Simulink. The micro-grid model includes multiple energy sources like a diesel generator and photovoltaic array, various loads, faults, and a connection to the main electrical grid. Students created models of grid-tied inverters, synchronous machines, and developed a human interface device to interact with the simulation. The completed micro-grid simulation provides an educational platform to study different generation scenarios and observe associated power flow phenomena.
Here are the key steps in the HR department's employee selection process at Big Bazaar:
1. Screening of applications: The HR department screens all applications received from various sources like walk-ins, referrals, etc. to shortlist suitable candidates.
2. Written test: Shortlisted candidates may have to take a written test to assess their skills and aptitude.
3. Interview: Shortlisted candidates are called for an interview with the HR manager and/or department head. Behavioral and technical questions are asked to evaluate the fit.
4. Reference and background check: References and background of promising candidates are verified to confirm their details and past performance.
5. Medical check-up: Selected candidates have
Impact analysis of actuator torque degradation on the IRB 120 robot performan...IJECEIAES
Actuators in a robot system may become faulty during their life cycle. Locked joints, free-moving joints, and the loss of actuator torque are common faulty types of robot joints where the actuators fail. Locked and free-moving joint issues are addressed by many published articles, whereas the actuator torque loss still opens attractive investigation challenges. The objectives of this study are to classify the loss of robot actuator torque, named actuator torque degradation, into three different cases: Boundary degradation of torque, boundary degradation of torque rate, and proportional degradation of torque, and to analyze their impact on the performance of a typical 6-DOF robot (i.e., the IRB 120 robot). Typically, controllers of robots are not pre-designed specifically for anticipating these faults. To isolate and focus on the impact of only actuator torque degradation faults, all robot parameters are assumed to be known precisely, and a popular closed-loop controller is used to investigate the robot’s responses under these faults. By exploiting MATLAB-the reliable simulation environment, a simscape-based quasi-physical model of the robot is built and utilized instead of an actual expensive prototype. The simulation results indicate that the robot responses cannot follow the desired path properly in most fault cases.
Disturbance observer-based controller for inverted pendulum with uncertaintie...IJECEIAES
A new approach based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique for stabilizing the inverted pendulum is developed in this article. The unknown states are estimated as well as the system is stabilized simultaneously by employing the observer-based controller. In addition, the impacts of the uncertainties are taken into consideration in this paper. Unlike the previous studies, the uncertainties in this study are unnecessary to satisfy the bounded constraints. These uncertainties will be converted into the unknown input disturbances, and then a disturbance observer-based controller will be synthesized to estimate the information of the unknown states, eliminate completely the effects of the uncertainties, and stabilize inverted pendulum system. With the support of lyapunov methodology, the conditions for constructing the observer and controller under the framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived in main theorems. Finally, the simulations for system with and without uncertainties are exhibited to show the merit and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Cost and performance optimization of induction motor using geneticIAEME Publication
This document describes research on optimizing the design of induction motors using genetic algorithms. It presents three optimal motor designs that were compared to a classically designed motor with the same ratings. The genetic algorithm optimization considered three objective functions: efficiency, torque, and cost. Key design variables like stator and rotor dimensions were selected as variables to be optimized. Performance constraints like efficiency, power factor, and current densities were also defined. The optimal designs found by the genetic algorithm were intended to improve performance while reducing costs compared to the classical design approach.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by DSTATCOM Control by Artificial Neural Net...IRJET Journal
This document presents a method for using an artificial neural network to control a DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) to improve power quality in a distribution system. A DSTATCOM is connected to the distribution system and used to compensate for power quality issues like voltage variations caused by nonlinear loads. An instantaneous symmetrical component theory is used to generate reference supply currents. Terminal voltages are compared to a reference to produce an error signal that is fed into an artificial neural network. The neural network output controls the DSTATCOM to inject compensating currents and regulate the voltage at the point of common coupling, improving power quality. Simulation results demonstrate the DSTATCOM is able to maintain sinusoidal voltages during load changes that previously caused undervoltage issues
In industrial electric drive systems, it is common to find objects that need to solve the problem of angular position control, moving the object from one position to another asymptotically with no over-correction and guarantee. calculation of maximum fast impact. This is a multi-target optimization problem with many different solutions. This paper presents a method of constructing a PMSM motor position controller with a variable structure using dSPACE 1104 card. The system consists of a position control loop with a variable structure that is an outer loop and a speed control loop degree is the inner loop. In which, the speed adjustment loop uses adaptive law to compensate for uncertain functions and build a sliding mode observation to estimate load torque, friction and noise. The results of the simulation study were verified on Matlab-Simulink environment and experimented on dSPACE 1104 card to check the correctness of the built controller algorithm. The research results in the paper are the basis for the evaluation and setting up of control algorithms, design of electric drive systems in industry and the military.
IEEE International Conference PresentationAnmol Dwivedi
IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE -
Paper Title "Real-Time Implementation of Phasor Measurement Unit Using NI CompactRIO".
Code Available on: https://github.com/anmold-07/Synchrophasor-Estimation
This paper reports on the design and implementation in DSP as hardware in the loop of a nonlinear control strategy for a grid-connected variable speed wind turbine using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The objective of this work is to build a real-time nonlinear hybrid approach combining Backstepping control and sliding mode control strategies for DFIG used in wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The results of the DSP implementation are discussed and qualitative and quantitative performance evaluations are performed under various disturbed conditions. The implementation is performed using the TMS320F28335 DSP combined with the MATLAB/Simulink (2016a) environment. The experimental results have been satisfactorily achieved, which implies that the proposed strategy is an efficient and robust approach to monitor the WECS.
Study of Reliability Analysis to the Iraqi South Region NetworkIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the reliability of the 400kV power network in southern Iraq using the path tracing method. It identifies 12 power flow paths between generation stations and distribution stations. Using a matrix and the Minitab program, it calculates the failure rate and repair rate of each component. It then determines 21 minimal cut sets that could cause failure and calculates the failure rate of each cut set. The results provide a reliability assessment of the southern Iraq 400kV network.
Power Optimization and Control in Wind Energy Conversion Systems using Fracti...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed method for optimizing power extraction from a wind energy conversion system (WECS) using fractional order extremum seeking control (FOESC). The WECS uses an induction generator connected to the grid through a matrix converter. An inner loop nonlinear controller based on field oriented control is used to control the generator along with an outer loop maximum power point tracking controller. The proposed outer loop controller is a FOESC, which is a non-model based optimization method that can track the maximum power point faster than conventional extremum seeking control methods. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of using FOESC for maximum power point tracking in a WECS.
Analysis and implementation of local modular supervisory control forIAEME Publication
1. The document describes the analysis and implementation of a local modular supervisory control system for a manufacturing cell using programmable logic controllers (PLCs).
2. A local modular approach is used where modular supervisors are obtained for each behavioral specification by considering only locally affected subsystems, avoiding state space explosion.
3. The modular supervisors are implemented on the PLC in a three-level structure that executes the supervisors concurrently and interfaces them to the physical system.
Performance Analysis of a DTC and SVM Based Field- Orientation Control Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
This study presents a performance analysis of two most popular control strategies for Induction Motor (IM) drives: direct torque control (DTC) and space vector modulation (SVM) strategies. The performance analysis is done by applying field-orientation control (FOC) technique because of its good dynamic response. The theoretical principle, simulation results are discussed to study the dynamic performances of the drive system for individual control strategies using actual parameters of induction motor. A closed loop PI controller scheme has been used. The main purpose of this study is to minimize ripple in torque response curve and to achieve quick speed response as well as to investigate the condition for optimum performance of induction motor drive. Depending on the simulation results this study also presents a detailed comparison between direct torque control and space vector modulation based field-orientation control method for the induction motor drive.
Failure Prediction Using Interaction between Parallel Links of FA EquipmentMasanoriHaga1
This document presents research on failure prediction for factory automation (FA) equipment using the interaction between parallel links. The researchers constructed a model using two servo motors arranged in parallel and collected sensor data under normal and abnormal load conditions. Using principal component analysis (PCA) on the data from both motors, they found changes in one motor's data that corresponded to abnormalities in the other, loaded motor. This suggests failure prediction may be possible using fewer sensors by analyzing interaction between parallel components. The researchers conclude PCA results support using this approach but that further work is needed to develop a full failure prediction algorithm and test it under multiple failure conditions.
This document discusses multiphysics modeling and simulation of induction machines using various software packages. It describes ANSYS, Flux2D/Flux-Portunus co-simulation, Motor-CAD co-simulation with SpeedLab, and Maxwell co-simulation with Ephysics software. It focuses on Maxwell software for finite element analysis modeling of an induction machine and presents simulation results for magnetic field, speed, torque, and losses using Maxwell. The results are then commented on.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A novel p q control algorithm for combined active front end converter and shu...eSAT Journals
This document presents a novel P-Q control algorithm for a combined active front end converter and shunt active filter (AFE+SAF). The AFE+SAF can compensate for reactive power, harmonic power, and unbalanced power produced by nonlinear and unbalanced loads, while maintaining sinusoidal source currents. The P-Q control algorithm meets the goals of load compensation and three-phase AC to DC power conversion for drives. The performance of the AFE+SAF was verified through simulation under different load conditions, including unbalanced linear loads, nonlinear loads, and combinations of these. Source current distortion was measured using %THD and found to comply with IEEE standards.
IRJET- Wind Turbine System Connected to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous GeneratorIRJET Journal
This document presents a mathematical model and simulation of a small wind turbine system connected to a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) without a gearbox. It describes the aerodynamic model of the wind turbine, the electrical model of the PMSG generator, and a zero d-axis current control scheme. The simulation was performed in Simulink/MATLAB and demonstrates the system's dynamic behavior under varying wind speeds. Key results shown include the mechanical power from the wind turbine, the electromagnetic torque and electrical outputs of the PMSG generator, and how they vary over a 10 second period.
The document discusses and compares different types of temperature sensors, including their advantages and disadvantages. NTC thermistors have advantages such as high sensitivity, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, ruggedness, and flexibility in packaging configurations. However, their output is non-linear. Platinum RTDs offer high accuracy and stability but are more expensive. Thermocouples are inexpensive but have non-linear outputs and require cold junction compensation. Semiconductors have limited applications and stability issues. The best sensor depends on the specific measurement needs and applications.
The document summarizes several events at an engineering olympiad organized by the University of Central Punjab. It provides details on 12 electrical engineering events, including circuit design, microcontroller programming, speed soldering, printed circuit board design, C++ programming, network design, MATLAB programming, and electrical installation. It also lists 7 general events like a treasure hunt, quiz competitions, and talent shows. For each event, it outlines the description, rules, evaluation criteria, and contact information for the event head.
Modeling and Simulation of an electrical micro-grid using MATLAB Simulink Sum...Aodhgan Gleeson
This project involves developing an accurate dynamic model of a micro-grid in MATLAB/Simulink. The micro-grid model includes multiple energy sources like a diesel generator and photovoltaic array, various loads, faults, and a connection to the main electrical grid. Students created models of grid-tied inverters, synchronous machines, and developed a human interface device to interact with the simulation. The completed micro-grid simulation provides an educational platform to study different generation scenarios and observe associated power flow phenomena.
Here are the key steps in the HR department's employee selection process at Big Bazaar:
1. Screening of applications: The HR department screens all applications received from various sources like walk-ins, referrals, etc. to shortlist suitable candidates.
2. Written test: Shortlisted candidates may have to take a written test to assess their skills and aptitude.
3. Interview: Shortlisted candidates are called for an interview with the HR manager and/or department head. Behavioral and technical questions are asked to evaluate the fit.
4. Reference and background check: References and background of promising candidates are verified to confirm their details and past performance.
5. Medical check-up: Selected candidates have
Optimization of Resource Provisioning Cost in Cloud ComputingAswin Kalarickal
In cloud computing, cloud providers can offer cloud consumers two provisioning plans for computing resources, namely reservation and on‐demand plans. In general, cost of utilizing computing resources provisioned by reservation plan is cheaper than that provisioned by on‐demand plan, since cloud consumer has to pay to provider in advance. With the reservation plan, the consumer can reduce the total resource provisioning cost. However, the best advance reservation of resources is difficult to be achieved due to uncertainty of consumer's future demand and providers' resource prices. To address this problem, an optimal cloud resource provisioning (OCRP) algorithm is proposed by formulating a stochastic programming model. The OCRP algorithm can provision computing resources for being used in multiple provisioning stages as well as a long‐term plan, e.g., four stages in a quarter plan and twelve stages in a yearly plan. The demand and price uncertainty is considered in OCRP. In this paper, different approaches to obtain the solution of the OCRP algorithm are considered including deterministic equivalent formulation, sample‐average approximation, and Benders decomposition. Numerical studies are extensively performed in which the results clearly show that with the OCRP algorithm, cloud consumer can successfully minimize total cost of resource provisioning in cloud computing environments.
The document proposes a vehicle called the Cryocar that uses liquid nitrogen (LN2) at cryogenic temperatures as an energy storage medium. The Cryocar would have components like an expander engine to compress the LN2, a heat exchanger to warm the LN2 and extract its energy, and a cryogenic storage tank to hold the LN2. It is estimated that a 400 liter LN2 fuel tank could power the Cryocar for 300km at a very low operating cost compared to electric vehicles. The Cryocar is presented as a potential zero-emissions vehicle that could provide ample power for automobile use in a economical and compact design.
Daknet comes from the hindi word DAK that stands for 'mail'. Daknet is thus a wireless network provider for rural areas. It requires bare minimum investment and equipment and efficiently provides connectivity to the third world countries.
Developed by MIT Media Lab researchers.
It is an ad hoc network.
It uses wireless technology to provide asynchronous digital connectivity.
It marks the beginning of a road to universal broadband connectivity.
The document summarizes Daknet, an ad hoc wireless network developed by MIT researchers to provide digital connectivity to remote villages in India and Cambodia. Daknet uses portable storage devices called mobile access points (MAPs) that are transported between villages by vehicles and allow for asynchronous data transfer. When a MAP comes within range of a village kiosk or internet hub, it automatically uploads and downloads data. This provides a low-cost solution for digital connectivity without requiring real-time connectivity. Daknet has been used for applications like e-mail, information distribution, and supporting e-governance projects in India.
fayol principles of management in reliance freshfunwithsiddh
This document provides an overview of management principles according to Henri Fayol. It discusses 14 of Fayol's management principles including division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, centralization and decentralization. For each principle, it provides a brief definition and explanation of how the principle contributes to effective management. It also includes brief sections on Reliance Fresh stores and an introduction to the concept of management. Overall, the document concisely outlines classic management principles and how they can guide managerial decision making and organizational functioning.
Samsung vs Nokia-Comparative Marketing AnalysisPinnakk Paul
Nokia and Samsung are two leading mobile phone manufacturers. Nokia has been the world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones for many years, with a global market share of around 38% in 2007. Samsung is also a major player in the global mobile phone market. The document provides an overview of the mobile phone industry in India and the key developments in that market between 2004-2008. It then profiles Nokia and Samsung, describing their history, product lines, marketing strategies, and role in the Indian mobile market.
This document summarizes a presentation on 4G technology. It begins by outlining earlier wireless technologies like 1G, 2G, and 3G. It then defines 4G as characterized by high-speed data rates up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. Key technologies that enable 4G are described like MIMO antennas, IPv6, VoIP, OFDM, and software-defined radio. Applications and advantages of 4G include support for multimedia, global access, and improved spectral efficiency. Challenges in fully realizing 4G capabilities are also discussed.
An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. There are two main types: a half adder that adds two bits and produces a sum and carry bit, and a full adder that adds two bits and a carry bit to produce a sum and carry out bit. Adders are used in arithmetic logic units to perform arithmetic operations and are important in many digital systems that process numeric data.
Sewage treatment plant design calculationSharifah Ain
1) The document outlines the design calculations for a sewage treatment plant for a mixed development project with 40 residential units and 18 commercial units. The population equivalent is calculated to be 293.
2) A rotating biological contractor (RBC) system is selected as the sewage treatment method since it is suitable for staged development, requires low land area, produces high quality effluent, and has low operation and maintenance costs.
3) Design parameters for the sewer reticulation pipes are provided, including a peak flow factor calculation, minimum pipe sizes and slopes, maximum infiltration rates, and manhole specifications such as location, depth, and gradient requirements.
Big Bazaar is a large Indian retail chain launched in 2001 by Kishore Biyani. It now has over 160 stores across India offering a wide range of products including apparel, food, electronics, and furniture. Some key initiatives of Big Bazaar include Wednesday Bazaar to attract customers mid-week, Sabse Sasta Din for high sales days, and Maha Bachat for attractive promotional offers. Big Bazaar also introduced a trade-in program called The Great Exchange Offer.
Codec Scheme for Power Optimization in VLSI InterconnectsIJEEE
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a codec scheme to optimize power in VLSI interconnects using bus encoding. The scheme detects different types of crosstalk couplings between wires and encodes the data to reduce switching activity. It was implemented using Cadence tools in 0.18um technology. Simulation results found a maximum power of 6.44uW for an input combination, showing a 38.89% power reduction over previous work. The scheme models the full custom design approach instead of semi-custom.
Low Power Full Adder using 9T Structureidescitation
In this paper, we propose a new 9T 1-bit full adder.
The main objective is full output voltage swing, low power
consumption and temperature sustainability. The proposed
design is more reliable in terms of power consumption, Power
Delay Product (PDP) and temperature sustainability as
compared to the existing full adder designs. The design has
been implemented 45nm technology on Tanner EDA Tool
version 13.0. The simulation results demonstrate the power
consumption, delay and power delay product at different input
voltages ranging 0.4V to 1.4V.
Two innovative high-speed low power parallel 8-bit counter architectures are proposed. Then, High speed 8-bit frequency divider circuits using the proposed architectures are realized. The proposed parallel counter architectures consist of two sections – The Counting Path and the State Excitation Module. The counting path consists of three counting modules in which the first module (basic module) generates future states for the two remaining counting modules. The State Excitation Module decodes the count states of the basic module and carries this decoding over clock cycles through pipelined DFF to trigger the subsequent counting modules. The existing 8-bit parallel counter architecture [1] consumed a total transistor count of 442 whereas the proposed parallel counters consumed only 274 transistors. The power dissipation of the existing parallel counter architecture and the proposed parallel counter architecture were 4.21mW (PINT) and 3.60mW (PINT) respectively at 250MHz. The worst case delay observed for the 8-bit counter using existing parallel counter architecture [1] and the proposed parallel counter architectures were 7.481ns, 6.737ns and 6.677ns respectively using Altera Quartus II. A reduction in area (transistor count) by 27.45% and a reduction in power dissipation by 16.28% are achieved for the frequency dividers using proposed counter architectures. Also a reduction in delay by 10.75% and 7.62% is achieved for the 8-bit frequency divider circuits using proposed counter methods I & II respectively.
Linearity enhancement of operational transconductance amplifier using sourceIAEME Publication
This paper proposes a source degeneration technique to improve the linearity of operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). OTAs are commonly used as building blocks in analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits, but their performance can be limited by inherent non-linearities in MOS transistors. The proposed source degenerated OTA (SDOTA) achieves improved third-order intermodulation distortion of -62dB compared to a conventional OTA, while maintaining a transconductance of 655.8 μA/V and gain of 14dB up to 4.7 GHz. The SDOTA is implemented in a 180nm CMOS process and shows enhanced linearity for applications requiring high frequency operation such as sigma-delta analog-to-digital
Design of area and power efficient half adder using transmission gateeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper gives an idea to reduce power and surface area of half adder circuit using very popular technique i.e. transmission gate. An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of two numbers. In many computers and other kind of processors, adders are used not only in arithmetic logic unit but also in other parts of the processors where they are used to calculate addresses, table indices and similar operations .in this paper two bit addition has been done using conventional and transmission gate level and power, area and number of transistors are the scope of comparison. According to the simulation result, power and area are reduced by 55.35 % and 40.269% respectively when the circuit is implemented by transmission gate .thus transmission gate has become a very popular and useful technique to implement digital circuits which help to reduce power, surface area as well as number of transistors. Keywords: Transmission gate (TG), Half adder, CMOS logic gates, Surface area, Power.
Optimization of Threshold Voltage for 65nm PMOS Transistor using Silvaco TCAD...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes research optimizing the threshold voltage (VTH) for a 65nm PMOS transistor using Silvaco TCAD simulation tools. The researchers varied three fabrication factors - gate oxide thickness, channel doping concentration, and channel implantation concentration - in the simulation. The simulation results showed a VTH value of -2.55427V for a 65nm PMOS transistor with a gate oxide thickness of 0.0025um, boron channel doping of 2x1015, and phosphorus implantation of 3.5x1013 atom/cm-1. Thicker gate oxides, higher channel doping, and increased implantation concentrations each caused higher VTH values in the simulation, consistent with theoretical expectations.
This document describes a proposed distributed power factor correction system and an automated power factor correction system design using a microcontroller.
The proposed distributed system would install small power factor correction devices at the user level rather than just at substations. This would inject reactive power closer to the load to improve efficiency. The design uses an ATmega16 microcontroller to measure the phase angle between voltage and current using a zero crossing detector. It also measures the load current using an current sensor and ADC. Based on these measurements, it calculates the required capacitance and controls a capacitor bank to improve the power factor.
Comparisons of fuzzy mras and pid controllers for ems maglev trainMustefa Jibril
This document compares fuzzy, PID, and MRAS controllers for controlling the vertical position of an electromagnetic suspension (EMS) maglev train system. It presents the mathematical model of the maglev train and discusses the stability analysis. Fuzzy, PID, and MRAS controller designs are described. Simulation results show the output response of each controller to a step input and the train position over different time periods. The fuzzy controller provided the best performance based on rise time, settling time, and overshoot.
Fuzzy logic based direct torque control of induction motor with space vector ...ijscai
The induction motors have wide range of applications for due to its well-known advantages like brushless
structures, low costs and robust performances. Over the past years, many kind of control methods are
proposed for the induction motors and direct torque control has gained huge importance inside of them due
to fast dynamic torque responses and simple control structures. However, the direct torque control method
has still some handicaps against the other control methods and most of the important of these handicaps is
high torque ripple. This paper suggests a new approach, Fuzzy logic based space vector modulation, on
the direct torque controlled induction motors and aim of the approach is to overcome high torque ripple
disadvantages of conventional direct torque control. In order to test and compare the proposed direct
torque control method with conventional direct torque control method simulations, in Matlab/Simulink,
have been carried out in different working conditions. The simulation results showed that a significant
improvement in the dynamic torque and speed responses when compared to the conventional direct torque
control method.
Split set data weighted averaging – an efficient approach for removal of peri...IAEME Publication
This document discusses periodic noise in data converters that results from component mismatch when using the Data Weighted Averaging (DWA) dynamic element matching technique. DWA effectively reduces mismatch noise, but can generate unwanted periodic noise for slow or DC inputs. The document proposes a Split-Set Data Weighted Averaging (SDWA) technique that eliminates this inband noise while still providing mismatch noise shaping. SDWA partitions the unit elements into sets and averages within sets to remove tones while maintaining the benefits of DWA. Hardware implementation of SDWA has low latency and cost, making it suitable for high-speed applications.
Efficient implementation of full adder for power analysis in cmos technologyIJARIIT
In recent days, the real-time application and fast arithmetic operations require highly efficient arithmetic hardware
architecture to improve the system performances. The adder plays a vital role in digital circuits, the earlier hardware
architecture using conventional CMOS and transmission logic gate based full adder design. Moreover, the techniques using
more number of transistors and consume larger power and delay so we proposed the techniques pass-transistor logic and
transmission gate based hybrid pass logic. The hybrid technique is used to reduce the number of the transistor, so the delay
and power consumption will be reduced when compared with the earlier techniques. The proposed technique design was
implemented using 16 transistors in 180nm CMOS technology and it consumes 8.2075nW power and the delay reduced to
5.0146ns.
Fuzzy logic based direct torque control of induction motor with space vector ...ijscai
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new fuzzy logic based direct torque control (DTC) method for induction motors. The proposed method uses fuzzy logic to determine the optimal space vector for DTC with space vector modulation (SVM) to reduce torque ripple compared to conventional DTC. Simulations show the proposed fuzzy logic SVM-DTC method significantly reduces torque ripple and speed fluctuations at both low and rated speeds under different load conditions.
In this paper, we propose a new technique for implementing a low power high speed multiplier based on Sleepy Stack Technique and consisting of
minimum number of transistors. Multiplier circuits are used comprehensively in Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). An 4 bit x 4 bit
multiplier has also been implemented using the design of only using basic combinational circuits and its performance has been analyzed and
compared with similar multipliers designed with peer combinational design available in literature. The explored method of implementation achieves
a high speed low power design for the multiplier. Simulated results indicate the superior performance of the proposed technique over conventional
CMOS multiplier. Detailed comparison of simulated results for the conventional and present method of implementation is presented.
SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MACHINE WITH REDUCTION IN TORQUE RIPPLE USING ROBU...IAEME Publication
In this paper a novel and simple algorithm for three-phase induction motor(IM) under Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme using Classic DTC switching table for dynamic torque ripple reduction and space-vector modulation scheme for steady state torque and flux control is proposed. The proposed scheme having the advantages of low torque ripples as well as constant switching frequency.
Simulation results are given to prove the ability of the proposed method obtaining good speed control bandwidth while overcoming classic DTC and DTC-SVM drawbacks.
Addition is a fundamental arithmetic operation and acts as a building block for synthesizing of all other operations. A high-performance adder is one of the key components in the design of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC). In this work, three low power full adders are designed with full swing AND, OR and XOR gates to reduce threshold voltage problem which is commonly encountered in Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) logic. This problem usually does not allow the full adder circuits to operate without additional inverters. However, the three full adders are successfully realized using full swing gates with the significant improvement in their performance. The performance of the proposed design is simulated through SPICE simulations using 45 nm technology models.
LOW POWER-AREA DESIGNS OF 1BIT FULL ADDER IN CADENCE VIRTUOSO PLATFORMVLSICS Design
The document describes several proposed low-power, area-efficient 1-bit full adder designs implemented using Cadence Virtuoso. It summarizes previous work on full adder designs and introduces three new proposed designs: a 12-transistor design that generates the carry using GDI technique and sum using a 3T XOR module; a 10-transistor design that generates the carry using a pass transistor logic multiplexer; and an 8-transistor design that generates the carry using pass transistors. The designs aim to reduce power consumption by utilizing tri-state inverters and pass transistor logic. Simulation results on a 180nm process show up to 93.1% power savings compared to a conventional 28-trans
IRJET - High Speed Approximation Error Tolerance Adders for Image Processing ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes and evaluates a significance approximation error tolerant carry select adder (SAET-CSLA) for image processing applications. The SAET-CSLA improves on existing error tolerant adders by using static segmentation and accuracy adjustment logic to divide the adder into an accurate upper part and inaccurate lower part. Simulation results show the SAET-CSLA offers improvements in speed, power and area over conventional ripple carry, carry lookahead and carry select adders while maintaining over 99.9% accuracy. The document concludes the SAET-CSLA is well-suited for applications like image blending that require fast, low-power addition with minimal error.
Designing a Novel High Performance Four-to-Two Compressor Cell Based on CNTFE...IJECEIAES
The document describes a novel four-to-two compressor cell designed using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) technology. The proposed cell uses Majority Function, NOR, and NAND gates. Simulations show it has lower delay, power consumption, and power-delay product compared to previous designs. The main advantage is the CARRY output is easily obtained using a Majority function. The cell shows good performance across variations in voltage, frequency, temperature, and load compared to other state-of-the-art compressor cells.
Design of Low-Power High-Speed Truncation-Error-Tolerant Adder Sravankumar Samboju
The document proposes a novel error-tolerant adder (ETA) that can improve power consumption and speed over conventional adders by relaxing accuracy requirements. The ETA has two parts - an accurate part that uses a conventional adder, and an inaccurate part with a carry-free addition block and control block. The ETA was shown to outperform ripple carry adders, carry lookahead adders, carry select adders, and carry skip adders in terms of power and speed. Potential applications of the ETA include digital signal processing workloads where high accuracy is not required, such as image and speech processing on mobile devices.
Design & Simulation of Half Adder Circuit using AVL Technique Based on CMOS T...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and simulation of a half adder circuit using an adaptive voltage level (AVL) technique based on 65nm CMOS technology. It summarizes that the AVL technique can significantly reduce the power consumption of half adder circuits compared to conventional CMOS and transmission gate-based designs. Specifically, simulation results show that an AVL design using an adaptive voltage level at the supply achieves the lowest power consumption of 0.321μW, fastest propagation delay of 0.54ns, and smallest power-delay product of 0.1734fJ compared to other techniques. The AVL supply technique provides the most efficient half adder design in terms of speed, area, power, and routing.
Similar to Design of 64 bit error tolerant adder (20)
Tech transfer making it as a risk free approach in pharmaceutical and biotech iniaemedu
Tech transfer is a common methodology for transferring new products or an existing
commercial product to R&D or to another manufacturing site. Transferring product knowledge to the
manufacturing floor is crucial and it is an ongoing approach in the pharmaceutical and biotech
industry. Without adopting this process, no company can manufacture its niche products, let alone
market them. Technology transfer is a complicated, process because it is highly cross functional. Due
to its cross functional dependence, these projects face numerous risks and failure. If anidea cannot be
successfully brought out in the form of a product, there is no customer benefit, or satisfaction.
Moreover, high emphasis is in sustaining manufacturing with highest quality each and every time. It
is vital that tech transfer projects need to be executed flawlessly. To accomplish this goal, risk
management is crucial and project team needs to use the risk management approach seamlessly.
Integration of feature sets with machine learning techniquesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel approach for spam filtering using selective feature sets combined with machine learning techniques. The paper presents an algorithm and system architecture that extracts feature sets from emails and uses machine learning to classify emails and generate rules to identify spam. Several metrics are identified to evaluate the efficiency of the feature sets, including false positive rate. An experiment is described that uses keyword lists as feature sets to train filters and compares the proposed approach to other spam filtering methods.
Effective broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks using gridiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new grid-based broadcasting mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks. The paper argues that flooding approaches to broadcasting are inefficient and cause network congestion. The proposed approach divides the network into a hierarchical grid structure. When a node needs to broadcast a message, it sends the message to the first node in the appropriate grid, which is then responsible for updating and forwarding the message within that grid. Simulation results showed the grid-based approach outperformed other broadcasting protocols and was more reliable, efficient and scalable.
Effect of scenario environment on the performance of mane ts routingiaemedu
The document analyzes the effect of scenario environment on the performance of the AODV routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It studies AODV performance under different scenarios varying network size, maximum node speed, and pause time. The performance is evaluated based on packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay. The results show that AODV performs best in some scenarios and worse in others, indicating that scenario parameters significantly impact routing protocol performance in MANETs.
Adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applicationiaemedu
This document discusses adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applications in a grid platform. It begins with an abstract that describes grid computing and how scheduling plays a key role in performance for grid workflow applications. Both static and dynamic scheduling strategies are discussed, but they require high scheduling costs and may not produce good schedules. The paper then proposes a novel semi-dynamic algorithm that allows the schedule to adapt to changes in the dynamic grid environment through both static and dynamic scheduling. Load balancing is incorporated to handle situations where jobs are delayed due to resource fluctuations or overloading of processors. The rest of the paper outlines the related works, proposed scheduling algorithm, system model, and evaluation of the approach.
This document summarizes research on transaction reordering techniques. It discusses transaction reordering approaches based on reducing resource conflicts and increasing resource sharing. Specifically, it covers:
1) A "steal-on-abort" technique that reorders an aborted transaction behind the transaction that caused the abort to avoid repeated conflicts.
2) A replication protocol that attempts to reorder transactions during certification to avoid aborts rather than restarting immediately.
3) Transaction reordering and grouping during continuous data loading to prevent deadlocks when loading data for materialized join views.
The document discusses semantic web services and their challenges. It provides an overview of semantic web technologies like WSDL, SOAP, UDDI, and OIL which are used to build semantic web services. The semantic web architecture adds semantics to web services through ontologies written in OWL and DAML+OIL. Key approaches to semantic web services include annotation, composition, and addressing privacy and security. However, semantic web services still face challenges in achieving their full potential due to issues in representation, reasoning, and a lack of real-world applications and data.
Website based patent information searching mechanismiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a website-based patent information searching mechanism. It discusses how patent information can be used for technology development, rights acquisition and utilization, and management information. It describes different types of patent searches including novelty, validity, infringement, and state-of-the-art searches. It also evaluates and compares two major patent websites, Delphion and USPTO, in terms of their search capabilities and features.
Revisiting the experiment on detecting of replay and message modificationiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes methods for detecting message modification and replay attacks in ad-hoc wireless networks. It begins with background on security issues in wireless networks and types of attacks. It then reviews existing intrusion detection systems and security techniques. Related work that detects attacks using features from the media access control layer or radio frequency fingerprinting is also discussed. The paper aims to present a simple, economical, and platform-independent system for detecting message modification, replay attacks, and unauthorized users in ad-hoc networks.
1) The document discusses the Cyclic Model Analysis (CMA) technique for sequential pattern mining which aims to predict customer purchasing behavior.
2) CMA calculates the Trend Distribution Function from sequential patterns to model purchasing trends over time. It then uses Generalized Periodicity Detection and Trend Modeling to identify periodic patterns and construct an approximating model.
3) The Cyclic Model Analysis algorithm is applied to further analyze the patterns, dividing the domain into segments where the distribution function is increasing or decreasing and applying the other techniques recursively to fully model the cyclic behavior.
Performance analysis of manet routing protocol in presenceiaemedu
This document analyzes the performance of different routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under hybrid traffic conditions. It simulates a MANET with 50 nodes moving at speeds up to 20 m/s using the AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. Traffic included both constant bit rate and variable bit rate sources. Results found that AODV had lower average end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratios than DSDV and DSR as the percentage of variable bit rate traffic increased. AODV also performed comparably under both low and high node mobility scenarios with hybrid traffic.
Performance measurement of different requirements engineeringiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of different requirements engineering (RE) process models. It describes three RE process models - two existing linear models and the authors' iterative model. It also reviews literature on common RE activities and issues with descriptive models not reflecting real-world practices. The authors conducted interviews at two Indian companies to model their RE processes and compare them to the three models. They found the existing linear models did not fully capture the iterative nature of observed RE processes.
This document proposes a mobile safety system for automobiles that uses Android operating system. The system has two main components: a safety device and an automobile base unit. The safety device allows users to monitor the vehicle's location on a map, check its status, and control functions remotely. It communicates with the base unit in the vehicle using GPRS. The base unit collects data from sensors, determines the vehicle's GPS location, and can execute control commands like activating the brakes or switching off the engine. The document provides details on the design and algorithms of both components and includes examples of Java code implementation. The goal is to create an intelligent, secure and easy-to-use mobile safety system for vehicles using embedded systems and Android
Efficient text compression using special character replacementiaemedu
The document describes a proposed algorithm for efficient text compression using special character replacement and space removal. The algorithm replaces words with non-printable ASCII characters or combinations of characters to compress text files. It uses a dynamic dictionary to map words to their symbols. Spaces are removed from the compressed file in some cases to further reduce file size. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves better compression ratios than LZW, WinZip 10.0 and WinRAR 3.93 for various text file types while allowing lossless decompression.
The document discusses agile programming and proposes a new methodology. It provides an overview of existing agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming. Scrum uses short sprints to define tasks and deadlines. Extreme Programming focuses on practices like test-first development, pair programming, and continuous integration. The document notes drawbacks like an inability to support large or multi-site projects. It proposes designing a new methodology that combines the advantages of existing methods while overcoming their deficiencies.
Adaptive load balancing techniques in global scale grid environmentiaemedu
The document discusses various adaptive load balancing techniques for distributed applications in grid environments. It first describes adaptive mesh refinement algorithms that partition computational domains using space-filling curves or by distributing grids independently or at different levels. It also discusses dynamic load balancing using tiling and multi-criteria geometric partitioning. The document then covers repartitioning algorithms based on multilevel diffusion and the adaptive characteristics of structured adaptive mesh refinement applications. Finally, it discusses adaptive workload balancing on heterogeneous resources by benchmarking resource characteristics and estimating application parameters to find optimal load distribution.
A survey on the performance of job scheduling in workflow applicationiaemedu
This document summarizes a survey on job scheduling performance in workflow applications on grid platforms. It discusses an adaptive dual objective scheduling (ADOS) algorithm that takes both completion time and resource usage into account for measuring schedule performance. The study shows ADOS delivers good performance in completion time, resource usage, and robustness to changes in resource performance. It also describes the system architecture used, which includes a planner and executor component. The planner focuses on scheduling to minimize completion time while considering resource usage, and can reschedule if needed. The executor enacts the schedule on the grid resources.
A survey of mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document summarizes existing methods to detect misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how routing protocols assume nodes will cooperate fully, but misbehavior like packet dropping can occur. It describes several techniques to detect misbehavior, including watchdog, ACK/SACK, TWOACK, S-TWOACK, and credit-based/reputation-based schemes. Credit-based schemes use virtual currencies to provide incentives for nodes to forward packets, while reputation-based schemes track nodes' past behaviors. The document aims to survey approaches for mitigating the impact of misbehaving nodes in MANET routing.
A novel approach for satellite imagery storage by classifyiaemedu
This document presents a novel approach for classifying and storing satellite imagery by detecting and storing only non-duplicate regions. It uses kernel principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality and extract features of satellite images. Fuzzy N-means clustering is then used to segment the images into blocks. A duplication detection algorithm compares blocks to identify duplicate and non-duplicate regions. Only the non-duplicate regions are stored in the database, improving storage efficiency and updating speed compared to completely replacing existing images. Support vector machines are used to categorize the non-duplicate blocks into the appropriate classes in the existing images.
A self recovery approach using halftone images for medical imageryiaemedu
This document summarizes a proposed approach for securely transferring medical images over the internet using visual cryptography and halftone images. The approach uses error diffusion techniques to generate a halftone host image from the grayscale medical image. Shadow images are then created from the halftone host image using visual cryptography algorithms. When stacked together, the shadow images reveal the secret medical image. The halftone host image also contains an embedded logo that can be extracted to verify the integrity of the reconstructed image without a trusted third party.