This document presents a novel P-Q control algorithm for a combined active front end converter and shunt active filter (AFE+SAF). The AFE+SAF can compensate for reactive power, harmonic power, and unbalanced power produced by nonlinear and unbalanced loads, while maintaining sinusoidal source currents. The P-Q control algorithm meets the goals of load compensation and three-phase AC to DC power conversion for drives. The performance of the AFE+SAF was verified through simulation under different load conditions, including unbalanced linear loads, nonlinear loads, and combinations of these. Source current distortion was measured using %THD and found to comply with IEEE standards.
Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health check-up. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor’s consultation, which has become financially related and a time consuming process. To overcome this situation, we propose a design to monitor the patient’s health conditions such as heart beat, temperature, ECG and BP and send the message to guardian using GSM. In the recent development of internet of things(IoT) makes all objects interconnected and been recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using IoT doctor can continuously monitor the patient’s on his smart phone and also the patient history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from anywhere.
As elderly population increases day by day caretaking demands are also increasing. Hence patient health monitoring systems are gaining importance these days. This paper is based on monitoring of patients. We have designed and developed a reliable, energy efficient patient monitoring system. It is able to send parameters of patient in real time. It enables the doctors to monitor patient's health parameters (temp, heartbeat, ECG, position) in real time. In the current proposed system the patient health is continuously monitored using different sensors which is connected to the Arduino board. And the acquired data is send to the server using Ethernet shield attached to the Arduino board. If any of the parameter values goes beyond the threshold value an alert is given to the doctor using an Android application installed in the doctor’s smartphone.
Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health check-up. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor’s consultation, which has become financially related and a time consuming process. To overcome this situation, we propose a design to monitor the patient’s health conditions such as heart beat, temperature, ECG and BP and send the message to guardian using GSM. In the recent development of internet of things(IoT) makes all objects interconnected and been recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using IoT doctor can continuously monitor the patient’s on his smart phone and also the patient history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from anywhere.
As elderly population increases day by day caretaking demands are also increasing. Hence patient health monitoring systems are gaining importance these days. This paper is based on monitoring of patients. We have designed and developed a reliable, energy efficient patient monitoring system. It is able to send parameters of patient in real time. It enables the doctors to monitor patient's health parameters (temp, heartbeat, ECG, position) in real time. In the current proposed system the patient health is continuously monitored using different sensors which is connected to the Arduino board. And the acquired data is send to the server using Ethernet shield attached to the Arduino board. If any of the parameter values goes beyond the threshold value an alert is given to the doctor using an Android application installed in the doctor’s smartphone.
Automatic Irrigation System merupakan sebuah prototipe untuk suatu sistem irigasi atau pengairan secara otomatis berbasis mikrokontroller Arduino yang diintegerasikan dengan sensor jarak (Ultrasonic Sensor), motor dinamo dan pompa (pump) dengan menggunakan indikator lampu LED.
Disusun oleh :
Andika Jamal Nurganda 151611004
Putri Sintia Sari 151611021
Rizki Verdian 151611025
Program Studi D3-Teknik Refrigerasi & Tata Udara
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
2016
Here you will find details about how you can make a fire detection system by using arduino and flame sensor. We have also added the budget you need to make this project.
1. Explaining the importance of platform based development
2. Understanding The importance of NodeMCU and demonstrate its interfacing with various devices and sensors.
IoT Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Smart CitiesYogeshIJTSRD
Since from the last centuries, water has been affected due to many parameters and actions done by human beings. Due to these actions drinking water becomes dangerous and harmful with increase in living population and also due to global warming and changes in natural climate. So, in upcoming generation we need safe drinking water for all living things. For these safety measures we need to first monitor the quality of the drinking water. In earlier days, people used some manual types of measurements for monitoring the water. But it takes more time and it has less efficiency. So, we need a better idea to check the quality of the water because water is more essential for all living things. By considering all these necessities, we develop a new methodology for monitoring the quality of the given water using IOT environment with low level of cost and with high efficiency. We also ensure real time data value by developing a web application using wi fi module, which can be accessed at anywhere. A. Guna Selvi | S. Vibhithra | A. John Clement Sunder "IoT Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Smart Cities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40058.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/40058/iot-based-water-quality-monitoring-system-for-smart-cities/a-guna-selvi
Here am attaching m.tech simulation projects titles ......if you do any simulation project in this list or another project i will provide you that project....find my mail id and contact number in the above list..
Automatic Irrigation System merupakan sebuah prototipe untuk suatu sistem irigasi atau pengairan secara otomatis berbasis mikrokontroller Arduino yang diintegerasikan dengan sensor jarak (Ultrasonic Sensor), motor dinamo dan pompa (pump) dengan menggunakan indikator lampu LED.
Disusun oleh :
Andika Jamal Nurganda 151611004
Putri Sintia Sari 151611021
Rizki Verdian 151611025
Program Studi D3-Teknik Refrigerasi & Tata Udara
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
2016
Here you will find details about how you can make a fire detection system by using arduino and flame sensor. We have also added the budget you need to make this project.
1. Explaining the importance of platform based development
2. Understanding The importance of NodeMCU and demonstrate its interfacing with various devices and sensors.
IoT Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Smart CitiesYogeshIJTSRD
Since from the last centuries, water has been affected due to many parameters and actions done by human beings. Due to these actions drinking water becomes dangerous and harmful with increase in living population and also due to global warming and changes in natural climate. So, in upcoming generation we need safe drinking water for all living things. For these safety measures we need to first monitor the quality of the drinking water. In earlier days, people used some manual types of measurements for monitoring the water. But it takes more time and it has less efficiency. So, we need a better idea to check the quality of the water because water is more essential for all living things. By considering all these necessities, we develop a new methodology for monitoring the quality of the given water using IOT environment with low level of cost and with high efficiency. We also ensure real time data value by developing a web application using wi fi module, which can be accessed at anywhere. A. Guna Selvi | S. Vibhithra | A. John Clement Sunder "IoT Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Smart Cities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40058.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/40058/iot-based-water-quality-monitoring-system-for-smart-cities/a-guna-selvi
Here am attaching m.tech simulation projects titles ......if you do any simulation project in this list or another project i will provide you that project....find my mail id and contact number in the above list..
Single Phase to Three Phase Converter Devesh Gupta
single phase to three phase converter by using digital converter in which we firstly convert single phase AC input to DC by using Rectifier and then again convert this DC into Three Phase Ac by using 3-Phase Inverter
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Hysteresis Current Control Based Shunt Active Power Filter for Six Pulse Ac/D...IJERA Editor
In this paper the simulation of Shunt Active power Filter using P-Q theory and PI controller has been presented. This SAPF compensates the harmonic currents drawn by three phase six pulse AC/DC converter. The process of compensation is done by calculating the instantaneous reactive power losses using p-q theory and the PI controller to reduce the ripple voltage of the dc capacitor of the PWM-VSI. This approach is different from conventional approach and provides very effective solution. In this simulation we use hysteresis band current controller (HCC) for switching the VSI inverter. The simulation has been done for both steady state and transient conditions.
This paper presents a grid-connected photovoltaic system (PV) used as a shunt active power filter (SAPF) to provide the power factor correction, harmonic elimination, reactive power compensation and to simultaneously supply power from a PV system to the utility. A direct power control (DPC) method is used for controlling the system to feed the photovoltaic energy in synchronization with grid and provide power quality improvement. The PI parameters of DC-link voltage controller are tuned using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm without the need for an exact mathematical model of system. This PI-PSO controller gives better results for robustness, harmonic minimization and reduces the overshoot and undershoots of PI controller. The overall control of system is tested in Matlab/Simulink environment. Then, the simulations results demonstrate the robustness and feasibility of proposed method.
Comparison of Soft Computing Techniques applied in High Frequency Aircraft Sy...ijeei-iaes
Sinusoidal Current Control strategy for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters have been optimized using Fuzzy Logic control and Adaptive Tabu search Algorithm and their performances have been compared. The acute analysis of Comparison of the compensation capability based on THD and speedwell be done, and recommendations will be given for the choice of technique to be used. The simulated results using MATLAB model are shown, and they will undoubtedly prove the importance of the proposed control technique of aircraft shunt APF.
Steady state stability analysis and enhancement of three machine nine bus pow...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Power System stability study is the important parameter of economic, reliable and secure system planning and operation. Studies
are important during the planning and conceptual design stages of the project as well as during the operating life of the plant
periodically. This paper presents the power system steady state stability analysis for IEEE- 9 bus test system and examines
influence of TCPS FACTS device based controller on test system. It is assumed that system under study has been perturbed from a
steady state equilibrium that prevailed prior to the application of the disturbance. If system is stable, we would expect that for
temporary or permanent disturbance, system will acquire initial or new operating state after a transient period. The stability
study is accessed using Lyapunov’s first method. The effectiveness of damping controller in enhancing the steady state stability is
investigated by incorporating available constraints. For analysis MATLAB software is employed. The conclusions have been
drawn here, based on theoretical and mathematical analysis so as to provide an insight and better understanding of steady state
stability of considered multi machine power system.
Key Words: Lyapunov’s first method, Steady-state stability, Phase portrait, FACTS device, supplementary modulation
controller, eigen value, synchronizing power coefficient, IEEE-9 Bus Test System, Load Flow Study, Differential
algebraic equation.
Interleaved Boost Converter (ILBC) is a better converter between Photo Voltaic(PV) source and shunt active power filter. This paper deals with comparison of time domain outputs of PI and Fractional Order PID(FOPID) controlled ILBC fed shunt active filter in a grid connected PV system. The aim of this work is to minimize current ripple using ILBC between PV system and filter to improve the dynamic performance of shunt active filter. Closed loop monitored PI and FOPID systems are modeled, and the corresponding results are presented. MATLAB results of load voltage, current, converter voltage and currents with FOPID exhibits enhanced dynamic response. The proposed FOPID controlled ILBC Fed Shunt Active Filter system (ILBCFSAF) has advantages like low settling time, less peak over shoot and reduced steady state error in load voltage. The simulation results of ILBCSAF are compared with the corresponding hardware results.
Design Of Hybrid Series Active Filters for Harmonic Reduction in Single Phase...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This paper presents the control for Shunt Active Power (SAPF) filter in photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to the grid. The proposed configuration of the system consists of a photovoltaic array that connected to the grid through the three-phase inverter topology that also serves as an active filter. Photovoltaic is coupled in parallel with the direct curret (DC) side of the active filter. With this configuration, can be obtained three advantages, namely the elimination of harmonic currents caused by nonlinear load, reactive power injection, and injection of active power generated photovoltaic. The p-q Theory is used to calculate the harmonic reference current to be used to control the active filter coupled fotovoltaic in generating anti-harmonic currents. The results show that system can reduce harmonic distortion from THD 27.22% to be THD 1.05%, whereas when the active power from photovoltaic injected, the THD become 2.01%. Power sharing can also be seen from this study.
This article presents nonlinear control of wind conversion chain connected to the grid based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The control objectives are threefold; i) forcing the generator speed to track a varying reference signal in order to extract the maximum power at different wind speed (MPPT); ii) regulating the rectifier output capacitor voltage; iii) reducing the harmonic and reactive currents injected in the grid. This means that the inverter output current must be sinusoidal and in phase with the AC supply voltage (PFC). To this end, a nonlinear state-feedback control is developed, based on the average nonlinear model of the whole controlled system. This control strategy involves backstepping approach, Lyapunov stability and other tools from theory of linear systems. The proposed state-feedback control strategy is tested by numerical simulation which shows that the developed controller reaches its objectives.
Comparative Study of Three Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Inverter Using P...IJPEDS-IAES
A comparative study of three phase grid connected photovoltaic (PV)
inverter using Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy logic controller
(FLC) is presented in this paper. Proposed three phase inverter with single DC
source employing three phase transformer for grid connected PV system
controlled by using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique.
PI and FLC are used as current controller for regulating the current. Perturb and
observe maximum power point technique (MPPT) is used for tracking of
maximum power from the PV panel. Finally total harmonic distortion (THD)
comparison made between two controllers for validation of results.
Furthermore swithing losses of inverter are also presented. The simulation
results are obtained using MATLAB simulink.
Enhanced Performance of Matrix Converter using Adaptive Computing TechniquesIJERA Editor
This paper deals mainly with the improvement of linear load current profile considering different grid conditions. A popular power conversion circuit known to be a Matrix Converter was considered to study the effects on the quality of electrical power supply. This advanced converter configured with power semiconductor devices effectively optimizes the harmonic components of linear type loads with the aid of various controllers like PI, Fuzzy, Adaptive Fuzzy and ANFIS models. The simulation studies and subsequent comparisons are derived for the proposed system on MATLAB/SIMULINK package under balanced and distorted grid conditions
Performance Evaluation of GA optimized Shunt Active Power Filter for Constant...ijeei-iaes
Sinusoidal Current Control strategy for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters have been modified using Genetic Algorithm and its performances have been compared. The acute analysis of Comparison of the compensation capability based on THD and speedwell be done, and recommendations will be given for the choice of technique to be used. The simulated results using MATLAB model are shown, and they will undoubtedly prove the importance of the proposed control technique of aircraft shunt APF.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
A novel p q control algorithm for combined active front end converter and shunt active filter
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 778
A NOVEL P-Q CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR COMBINED ACTIVE
FRONT END CONVERTER AND SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER
SH Suresh Kumar Budi1
, Biswa Bhusan Dash2
1
PG Student, 2
Associate professor, GITS, Bobbili, Vizinagaram Dist
bsrihari99@gmail.com, viswandash@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper presents a combined active front-end converter and shunt active filter (AFE+SAF) controlled by p-q theory control
algorithm. The Combined AFE+SAF is able to compensate reactive power, harmonic power and unbalanced power produced by
unbalanced linear, non linear and at the same time three phase AC to DC power conversion AFE+SAF will not pollute the source
currents. The p-q theory control algorithm is able to meat the target of load compensation and three phase AC to DC (for drives)
conversion. the AFE+SAF verified by simulation for different cases as unbalanced linear load, non linear load, unbalanced linear
and non linear load, unbalanced linear non linear and drive load. The whole simulation has been carried out on the mat lab/ simulink
software.
Keywords:- active front-end converter, shunt active power filter, p-q theory, power quality, harmonics, reactive power.
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1.INTRODUCTION
In the last half a century years an increased number of power
electronic equipments connected to the grid cause the decrease
of power quality of the grid. In Last two decade years active
front end converters (AFE) are substitute for the diode rectifiers
or thyristor rectifiers in variable speed drives. Even though the
thyristor based rectifiers and diode rectifiers are at low cost and
high reliable, AFEs [1][3-10]are used for drives because
bidirectional power flow capability, selectable power factor
capability, sinusoidal source currents and line supply voltage
capability etc., shunt active filters and series active filters are
used for the compensate harmonics and reactive power at the
grid. The drawback of the active filters is the regenerative
capability for drives. Load compensation can efficiently
achieved by the active filters and AFE [12-16]are able to
maintain the source currents as sinusoidal, regenerative
capability hence the combination of these advantages can make
one converter as combined active front end converter and shunt
active filter (AFE+SAF).
The proposed control algorithm is suitable acts as AFE+SAF
and it solves the problem of regenerative capability, load
compensation and power factor control etc. IGBT three leg
bridge with midpoint capacitor converter is used as the [16]
AFE+SAF power electronic converter. The very famous pq [2]
control algorithm is to calculate the reference currents for the
converter. The objective of the pq theory is to convert the three
phase system into the single phase system so that computation
of the real power and imaginary powers easy and then
compensate as requirement of the system. In this paper pq
theory compensate reference currents are given separately for
active front converter, shunt active filter and AFE+SAF.
To evaluate the performance of the AFE+SAF, considered
different cases such as (i) DC Side Equivalent Drive load, (ii)
Unbalanced Linear Load, (iii) Non Linear Load, (iv)
Unbalanced Linear and Non Linear Load, (v) Unbalanced
Linear , Non Linear and DC Side Equivalent Drive load. For all
considered cases the proposed converter is able to meet target
of compensation. A performance index is used to measure the
distortion in source line currents is known as %THD and its
values are observed that in the premises of IEEE Std. 519 [17]
standard.
The organization of the paper is as follows, in section I, it gives
introduction about the AFE and shunt active filter. The section
II, pq theory control algorithm derived for the active front
converter, SAF and AFE+SAF. in section III, the schematic
diagram of the AFE+SAF converter is explained. In the section
IV, simulation results and discussion of the considered system
for different cases have been included. the final conclusion of
the carried work about the AFE+SAF control by pq theory has
been concluded in the section V.
2.CONTROL ALGORITHM
Instantaneous p-q Theory to deal with instantaneous voltages
and currents in three phase circuits mathematically, it is
adequate to express their quantities as the instantaneous space
vectors.[2][16]
Transform the voltages and currents from
cba to frame,
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 779
c
b
a
x
x
x
x
x
x
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
3
2
0
(1)
Since the system is to be consisting only positive sequence
components such that system can balanced and harmonic free.
The above equation derived from the instantaneous positive
sequence symmetrical components i.e.,
cba vaavvv 2
3
2
(2)
Where
)
3
2
sin()
3
2
cos(3
2
jea
j
(3)
The above equation separated into real and imaginary
components,
Real term
)
2
1
2
1
(
3
2
cba vvvv
(4)
Imaginary term
)
2
3
2
3
(
3
2
cb vvv
(5)
The same is true for the current expressions. Instantaneous
space phasor is rotating with angular speed of
)(1
v
v
Tan
dt
d
(6)
From the source system has to supply only active power, which
is equally supplied through the individual phases.
The power from the supply derived by the p-q theory
)()(*)(* *
ivivjivivjiijvvivs
(7)
The load is requires only active power, hence
pPiviv dc
(8)
And there is no need of reactive power in load side hence
qiviv 0
(9)
When the unbalance system involves zero sequence
components come into picture, The Load doesn’t need any
unbalanced power
0* ivP
(10)
The above equations can written as
i
i
i
vv
vv
v
q
p
po 00
0
0
00
(11)
The current equations can written as
q
p
p
vvvv
vvvv
v
vv
i
i
i o
00
00
2
2
0
0
0
0
00
1
(12)
The AFE Converter capacitor is connected to the Dc side load
i.e. Pdc. For the Capacitor DC Voltage regulation, PI control is
used i.e., The error of the voltage is pass through the PI
controller, gives Pc which is proportional to the amount of real
power which needs to maintain the DC capacitor Voltage.
Hence
cdc PPp
(13)
Active Front End converter with shunt active filter
compensated current equations can written as
l
cdcavgll
o
f
f
f
q
PPPP
p
vvvv
vvvv
vv
vvv
i
i
i
00
00
22
22
0
0
0
0
00
1
(14)
When there is no external load to PCC except Active Front End
converter
0 lclbla iii
the compensated currents are
l
cdc
o
f
f
f
q
PP
p
vvvv
vvvv
vv
vvv
i
i
i
00
00
22
22
0
0
0
0
00
1
(15)
When Active Front End converter acts as shunt active filter
0dcI
the compensated currents are
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 780
l
cavgll
o
f
f
f
q
PPP
p
vvvv
vvvv
vv
vvv
i
i
i
00
00
22
22
0
0
0
0
00
1
(16)
3. SYSTEM CONSIDERED
The electrical system is considered in this paper for evaluating
the performance AFE+SAF simulation model in
matlab/Simulink is as shown in fig.1. three phase four line
electrical distribution network is used to serve the loads such as
domestic, industrial and signal towers etc. these loads and the
compensating devices are generally connected at point of
common coupling (PCC) in the system which as shown in fig.1.
sav
sbv
scv
sai
sbi
sci
sni
av
bv
cv
dcV
dcI
A F E
+
SAF
PCC
DC side
Equivalent
Drive
saR
sbR
scR
saL
sbL
scL
Linear
+
Non linear
load
lai
lbi
lci
lni
fai
fbi
fci
Fig.1. Electrical system model schematic diagram
The AFE+SAF schematic circuit shown in fig.2. consists of the
power electronic switches (IGBT with anti-parallel diode),
filter inductance Lf , resistance Rf and mid point connected
capacitors which maintains the DC reference voltage. The
power electronic switches can controlled by the pq theory based
algorithm generated gate signals for the AFE+SAF which is
shown in fig.3.
fni
PCCfaR
fbR
fcR
faL saR
saL
sbR
sbL
scL scR
sai
sbi
sci
sni
scv
sbv
sav
fcL
fbL
fai
fbi
fci
DCside
Equivalent
Drive
dcV
dcI
1Q
2Q
3Q
4Q
5Q
6Q
Fig.2. AFE+SAF schematic circuit
X +
-
+
-
+
PI
dcV
*
dcV
LPF
+
-
dcP
cP
avglPlP
0v
0i
c
b
a
i
i
i
i
i
i
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
3
2
0
q
lABCi
ABCPCCV
PCCV
P
q
*
0fi
*
fi
*
fi
lP
*
ai
*
bi
*
ci
*
fabci
fabci
+
-
C C
dcV
GATE
PULSE
dcI
X 1Q
2Q
3Q
4Q
5Q
6Q
Fig.3. PQ theory based algorithm generated gate signals for the AFE+SAF
4. SIMULATION RESUTS AND DISCUSSION
Evaluation of the control algorithm for AFE+SAF is done by
considering four different situations in the system given by
Case I: DC Side Equivalent Drive load
Case II: Unbalanced Linear Load
Case III: Non Linear Load
Case IV: Unbalanced Linear and Non Linear Load
Case V: Unbalanced Linear, Non Linear and DC Side
Equivalent Drive load
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 781
An active power filter with front end converter has been
simulated in MATLAB to verify the proposed control scheme
with the parameters as shown in Table I
Table 1
Parameters Numerical Values
Three phase supply 325 Vph(peak) ,50 Hz
Feeder impedance
skL
, skR
, where
cbak ,,
0.06 mH, 0.1Ω
Shunt impedance
Lshk, Rshk
2 mH, 0.05Ω
DC link capacitance 220 µf
Udc reference 700V
Hysteresis band h .2 A
The deigned converter with above parameters in table I is tested
under different load conditions as follows.
Case I: DC Side Equivalent Drive Load
In this case AFE+SAF is provided to the only DC side
equivalent drive such as motoring and regenerative modes, i.e.
converter works as active front end converter. The performance
of AFE+SAF is to maintaining the DC link voltage at 700V.
The loading values for various time periods as shown in Table-
2. The simulated waveforms for this operating condition are as
shown in Fig 4. The fig.4. is give information about the
relation between the source currents and the PCC voltages are
in phase for the motoring mode and opposite phase for
regenerative mode and the source currents are fundamental
positive sequence components only.
Table-2
Time in Seconds Types of load connected to DC
side
t=0.0 to 0.01 No Load
t=0.01 to 0.08
DC side equivalent drive load
of current -10 A (regenerative
mode)
t>0.08 DC side equivalent drive load
18 A (Motoring mode)
Fig 4. Simulated results for the operation of active front-end
converter with DC Side Equivalent Drive load (a)Source
currents (b) PCC voltages
In general in three phase to DC conversion process harmonics
have introduced in the three phase circuit, but Active Front End
converter can handle the DC Side Equivalent Drive load
without polluting three phase source currents. The voltage
across each capacitor is forced to be equal to 350V to maintain
a DC voltage of 700V. At the beginning of operation, at t=0
there is no load hence the source current is zero, at t=0.01s the
load is applied to the DC side as -10 A of equivalent drive load
which can treated as regenerative mode and from t=0.08 s
onwards load considered for motoring mode as 18 A load
connected to the DC voltage. Even though the load changes
abruptly the source currents are in sinusoidal with change of
magnitude. During first interval no load is applied, second
interval regenerative load -10A is applied and draws the source
currents of peak value maxaI
=14.19A and THD in an around
5.28%, third interval load is an motoring mode of 18A, draws
power from the source current magnitude of maxaI
=26.83A
and at thd of 3.46% nearly. Source current magnitude and
%THD have been shown in TABLE 3.
Fig 5. Simulated results of voltage across capacitor (or) load
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 782
In fig.5 Shows that dcV constantly maintained at 700V even
though load is suddenly changes from -7KW to 12.6 KW. The
equivalent drive load variation is shown in fig.6.
Fig 6. simulated results of power delivered by capacitor (or)
load
Table-3
Time
(sec)
Ia Ib Ic
PEAK %THD PEAK %THD PEAK %THD
0.04 14.19 5.32 14.2 5.15 14.18 5.34
0.06 14.19 5.28 14.16 5.32 14.17 5.42
0.08 26.83 3.46 26.49 10.25 27.02 10.6
0.1 26.88 2.93 26.92 2.86 26.99 3.03
0.12 26.83 2.88 26.88 3.07 26.83 2.93
0.14 26.63 2.9 26.66 2.84 26.65 2.9
0.16 26.71 3.03 26.67 3.02 26.61 2.97
0.18 26.44 2.86 26.48 3.06 26.42 3.05
Case II: Unbalanced Linear Load
Three phase unbalanced RL load as shown in Table-IV
Table-4
Parameters Numerical
Values
Numerical
Values
Numeric
al
Values
THREE PHASE
SUPPLY
325
Vph(peak)
, 50 Hz
325
Vph(peak)
, 50 Hz
325
Vph(pea
k) 250
Hz
ACTIVE
POWER
1000W 500W 400W
INDUCTIVE
REACTIVE
POWER
40VAR 500VAR 500VAR
Fig 7. Simulated results of load currents, source currents and
PCC voltages by placing a 3phase unbalanced linear load
Fig 8.Simulated results of voltage across capacitor (or) load.
In Fig.7 shows simulated results of load currents, source
currents and PCC voltages by placing a 3phase unbalanced
linear load and in Fig.8. dcV is constantly maintained as in case
I.
Case III: Non Linear Load
RL load of R=70ohm, L= 2mh with 3 bridge diode rectifier
Fig 9. Simulated results of load currents, source currents and
PCC voltages by placing a nonlinear load
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 783
At t=0.04s the source currents magnitude of maxaI
=8.33 A and
THD = 9.3% and at t=0.18s the source currents magnitude of
maxaI
=8.53 A and THD = 8.51% nearly. Source current
magnitude and %THD have been shown in TABLE 5
Fig 10.Simulated results of voltage across capacitor (or) load
In Fig 10. dcV is constantly maintained as in case I and II.
Table-5
Time
(sec)
Ia Ib Ic
PEAK %THD PEAK %THD PEAK %THD
0.04 8.33 9.3 8.288 9.21 8.324 8.95
0.06 8.382 8.88 8.36 8.8 8.445 8.68
0.08 8.492 8.37 8.442 8.49 8.524 8.36
0.1 8.538 8.19 8.529 8.17 8.586 8.33
0.12 8.517 8.38 8.523 8.31 8.535 8.51
0.14 8.517 8.3 8.544 8.55 8.516 8.41
0.16 8.558 8.54 8.513 8.29 8.54 8.41
0.18 8.532 8.41 8.495 8.36 8.581 8.39
Case IV: Unbalanced Linear Load and Non Linear
Load
In this case we are combining the case II and case III.
Fig 11.Simulated results of load currents, source currents and
PCC voltages by placing a unbalanced linear and nonlinear load
At t=0.04s the source currents magnitude of maxaI
=10.81 A
and THD = 7.33% and at t=0.18s the source currents magnitude
of maxaI
=11.15 A and THD = 6.46% nearly. Source current
magnitude and %THD have been shown in TABLE VI. There
is no variation in the results due to no DC Side Equivalent
Drive load.
Fig 12.Simulated results of voltage across capacitor (or) load
In Fig 9 dcV is constantly maintained as in case I ,II and III .
Table-6
Time
(sec)
Ia Ib Ic
PEAK %THD PEAK %THD PEAK %THD
0.04 10.81 7.33 10.69 7.32 10.79 6.84
0.06 10.93 6.89 10.73 6.79 10.95 6.71
0.08 11.11 6.79 10.83 6.48 11.09 6.56
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 784
0.1 11.13 6.47 10.87 6.56 11.13 6.47
0.12 11.13 6.61 10.94 6.34 11.09 6.51
0.14 11.13 6.79 10.88 6.67 11.14 6.55
0.16 11.13 6.55 10.88 6.45 11.12 6.48
0.18 11.15 6.46 10.88 6.64 11.14 6.69
Case V: Unbalanced Linear Load, Non Linear Load
and DC Side Equivalent Drive load
Fig 13. Simulated results of load currents, source currents and
PCC voltages by placing a unbalanced linear, nonlinear load
and DC Side Equivalent Drive load
In this case we are combining case I and case IV At the
beginning of operation, at t=0 there is no load hence the source
current is zero, at t=0.01s the load is applied to the DC side as -
10 A of equivalent drive load which can treated as regenerative
mode along with unbalanced linear and non linear load is
applied and from t=0.08s onwards load considered for motoring
mode as 18 A load connected to the DC voltage. Even though
the load changes abruptly the source currents are in sinusoidal
with change of magnitude. During first interval no load is
applied, second interval regenerative load -10A is applied and
draws the source currents of peak value maxaI
=6.472A and
THD in an around 11.22%, third interval load is an motoring
mode of 18A, draws power from the source current magnitude
of maxaI
=35.81A and at thd of 2.54% nearly. Source current
magnitude and %THD have been shown in TABLE VII. There
is variation in the current wave form due to DC Side Equivalent
Drive load as the DC Side Equivalent.
Fig 14.Simulated results of voltage across capacitor (or) load
In Fig 14. dcV is constantly maintained as in all cases. In this
case also dcV is constantly maintained even though load
changes suddenly due to the usage of PI controller at the Active
Front End converter.
Fig 15.simulated results of power delivered by capacitor (or)
load
Table-7
Tim
e
(sec)
Ia Ib Ic
PEA
K
%TH
D
PEA
K
%TH
D
PEA
K
%TH
D
0.04 6.472 11.22 6.454 11.36 6.507 11.18
0.06 5.95 12.02 5.889 12.19 5.959 12.1
0.08 35.81 2.54 35.38 8 35.59 7.95
0.1 35.39 2.53 35.38 2.61 35.43 2.51
0.12 35.18 2.64 35.2 2.63 35.39 2.63
0.14 35.21 2.56 35.27 2.49 35.37 2.56
0.16 35.12 2.57 35.24 2.47 35.26 2.62
0.18 35.04 2.5 34.98 2.42 35.14 2.55
8. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 785
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed combined active front end converter (AFE) and
shunt active filter (SAF) is able to compensate reactive power,
harmonic power and unbalanced power which are introduced
by non linear and unbalanced linear load, at the same time
combined AFE and SAF is able to convert the three phase AC
to DC power without polluting the source currents, in this paper
P-Q theory used as the control algorithm for the combined AFE
and SAF, hence this theory gives appreciable %THD [17] for
source currents for all load as consider in 5 cases. The whole
simulation has been carried out on the mat lab/ simulink
environmental plot form which gives recommendable results.
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