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design consideration of electrical drivetrain components.pdf
- 1. Design Consideration of Electrical Drive train in Wind Turbines By Vimal Mayakrishnan Specialist Converter - Generator Senvion India PVT LTD Bangalore Two most abundant forms of power on earth are solar and wind….
- 2. Content • Over view of wind turbines • Electrical Drive train Components • Design Considerations • Generator • Converter • Power Cable • Transformer
- 3. Components in wind turbine
- 4. Type A : Fixed speed turbines SCIG Soft Starter Capacitor Bank Transformer Grid G Box Turbine • Asynchronous Generator • Direct grid connection (use soft-starter for smoother grid connection) • SCIG draws reactive power, so use capacitor bank for VAr compensation • Wind fluctuations = power fluctuations = voltage fluctuations • Type A0: stall control Type A1: pitch control Type A2: active stall control
- 5. Type B : Limited variable speed Turbines Variable Resistance Soft Starter Capacitor Bank Transformer Turbine G Box Grid WRIG • Asynchronous Generator with variable resistance control • Direct grid connection (use soft-starter for smoother grid connection) • SCIG draws reactive power, so use capacitor bank for VAr compensation • Variable resistance control = slip control = power control • Power control smooths out effect of wind fluctuations
- 6. Type C : Limited variable speed with partial size Converter Transformer Turbine G Box Grid WRIG Transformer Inverter 1/3 Size • Known more commonly as Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG • Inverter rated at 1/3 power • Inverter performs VAr compensation and soft-start function • Smooths out effect of wind fluctuations • Wider wind speed range than fixed speed = more energy capture • Drawbacks: slip rings, protection in case of grid faults
- 7. Type D : Variable speed with full size Converter Transformer Turbine G Box Grid Inverter Full Size SCIG / PMG • Full size inverter - IGBT devices • Inverter provides VAr compensation and smooth grid connection • More efficient energy capture • Generator completely isolated from grid I.e. from grid faults • Mechanics decoupled from grid - longer gearbox life • Choice of generator types (change inverter control software) • Can eliminate gearbox to have direct driven generator e.g. PMG
- 9. 2 - Drive train in Wind turbine
- 10. Selection of Component • Electrical Calculations Load flow calculations • Voltage Vs Q capability • Torque Vs Speed Capability • Losses of various component and at various temperature • Load points calculation • Frequency and voltage variation for load points with various combination of components
- 12. Generator • Generator with the variable speed wind turbine along with electronic inverter absorbs mechanical power and convert to electrical energy. • Induction Machine (SC and DFIG) • Sync Machine (PMSM and Sep Excited) Mechanical Aspects Electrical Aspects
- 13. Generators
- 14. Electrical Aspects • Rated active power (kW) • Rated reactive power(kVAR cap & ind) • Nominal line voltage • Static voltage range (0.9PU to 1.1PU) • Dynamic Voltage range • Nominal current rating • Nominal frequency • Static frequency range (49.5Hz to 50.5Hz) • Dynamic frequency range (47.5Hz to 52.5Hz) • Nominal speed (operating range) & poles • Vector group (Star/ Delta) • Efficiency ( low losses) • Equivalent circuit parameters • Insulation class • EMC characteristics
- 15. Mechanical Aspects • Outer Dimension 3D model • Mass • Degree of protection IP • Cooling requirements • Shaft Design • Bearing design • Lubrication • Sound • Cable connections and grounding • Sensors , fan and Heating
- 16. Converter • The power converter can not only transfer the power from a wind generator, but also improve the stability and safety of the system. Full Power Converter ( SCIM, Sync Gen) Partial converter (DFIG)
- 17. Full & Partial converter 3 phase rotor Supply system PWM inverter Run contactors Gearbo x PWM inverter
- 18. Wind Energy Power Conversion Options
- 20. Converter Power Circuit • Power circuit ( IGBT DC capacitors and line reactors) • Grid side Filter • Line Reactors • DC link • Dynamic Braking • Switching Components ( circuit breaker & contactor) • IGBT life expectancy • Pre-charge Circuit • Grid Fault Ride Through Control circuit of converter • FOC or DTC control can be implemented
- 21. IGBT and power circuit
- 22. Converter Design consideration • Nominal values • Static and dynamic values • Efficiency – (component losses & Operation losses) • FRT requirements • Converter Protection & system protection requirements • PWM filter and DV/DT filter requirements • Filed bus Communication • IP, Cooling, Dimension – 3D
- 24. Steps involved development of EDT Hardware Control and protection Modelling Calculations Verifications and validations Other requirement FRT requirements (LVRT & HVRT) Harmonics Flicker Reactive power capability Frequency range test
- 25. Power Cables • Copper cables , Aluminium cable & Bus Bars Selection & sizing of Power Cable for Under ground or Over Head installation (voltage , current, temperature, insulation, construction) Bunching and grouping of cables based on short circuit forces.
- 26. Transformer • Rated apparent power • Vector group • Nominal frequency • overload capacity • Tap changer • Losses • Inrush current • Cable connections • Protective system – VCB protection system or SF6 governed by feeder protection relay • Grounding and earthing requirements
- 27. Thank you for your attention