This document discusses power electronics in wind energy conversion systems. It begins with an introduction to wind energy systems and the flow of kinetic energy from wind being converted to mechanical and then electrical energy. It describes the different types of wind turbine drive trains including fixed speed (Type A), limited variable speed with resistance control (Type B), limited variable speed with a partial converter (Type C), and variable speed with a full converter (Type D). It also discusses wind converter components like the power circuit, filters, reactors, and control strategies. Large planned and commissioned wind turbines are listed with rotor diameters up to 242 meters. Teams involved in developing power converters are noted along with the roles of hardware engineering, control engineering, modeling, electrical calculations, and
Many new challenges in the design of wind turbine generators, the ever-growing sizes and the increasingly demanding grid compliance requirements, etc. Where are we now and what could be the future?
Many new challenges in the design of wind turbine generators, the ever-growing sizes and the increasingly demanding grid compliance requirements, etc. Where are we now and what could be the future?
These slides presents an overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons. Later of the slides the modelling and control strategies of wind generators will be discussed.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
These slides presents an overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons. Later of the slides the modelling and control strategies of wind generators will be discussed.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
1. power Electronics In winD energy
Conversion System
By
Vimal Mayakrishnan
Senior Specialist
Converter - Generator
Senvion India PVT LTD
Bangalore
Two most abundant forms of power on earth are solar
and wind….
3. Content
• Introduction to Wind Energy systems
• Electrical drive train components
• Design considerations
• Generator
• Converter
• Cable
• Transformer
4. AN INTRODUCTION TO WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS
• Wind has considerable amount of Kinetic energy
Kinetic
energy of the
wind
Mechanical
energy on the
rotor
Electrical
energy on
the grid
Energy Flow diagram:
7. Largest wind turbines Planned and
Commissioned
• Gold Wind – 16MW –Planned - offshore
• Rotor Dia 252 m
• Mingyang – 16MW - planned – offshore(MySE 16.0-242)
• Height: 866 feet (264 m)
• Blade length: 387 feet (118 m)
• Rotor diameter: 794 feet (242 m)
• Vestas – 15MW -V236-15.0MW –offshore planned
• Rotor diameter: 236 m
• SGRE – 14MW- SG 14-222 – offshore - planned
• Rotor diameter: 222 m
• GE – 14MW - Haliade-X 14 MW – offshore – Operating
• Rotor diameter: 220 m
• Height: 260 m
8. Type A : Fixed speed turbines
SCIG
Soft Starter
Capacitor Bank
Transformer
Grid
G Box
Turbine
• Asynchronous Generator
• Direct grid connection (use soft-starter for smoother grid connection)
• SCIG draws reactive power, so capacitor bank is used for VAr
compensation
• Wind fluctuations = power fluctuations = voltage fluctuations
• Type A0: stall control Type A1: pitch control Type A2: active stall
control
9. Type B : Limited variable speed turbines
Variable
Resistance
Soft Starter
Capacitor Bank
Transformer
Turbine
G Box
Grid
WRIG
• Asynchronous Generator with variable resistance control
• Direct grid connection (use soft-starter for smoother grid connection)
• SCIG draws reactive power, so capacitor bank is used for VAr
compensation
• Variable resistance control = slip control = power control
• Power control smooths out effect of wind fluctuations
10. Type C : Limited variable speed with partial size
converter
Transformer
Turbine
G Box
Grid
WRIG
Transformer
Inverter 1/3 Size
• Known more commonly as Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG
• Inverter rated at 1/3 power
• Inverter performs VAr compensation and soft-start function
• Smooths out effect of wind fluctuations
• Wider wind speed range than fixed speed = more energy capture
• Drawbacks: slip rings, protection in case of grid faults
11. Type D : Variable speed with full size converter
Transformer
Turbine
G Box
Grid
Inverter Full Size
SCIG / PMG
• Full size inverter - IGBT devices
• Inverter provides VAr compensation and smooth grid connection
• More efficient energy capture
• Generator completely isolated from grid I.e. from grid faults
• Mechanics decoupled from grid - longer gearbox life
• Choice of generator types (change inverter control software)
• Can eliminate gearbox to have direct driven generator e.g. PMG
13. Wind Converter
• The power converter can not only transfer the power from a wind
generator, but also improve the stability and safety of the system.
Full power converter ( SCIM, Sync Gen)
Partial converter (DFIG)
15. Full & Partial converter
3 phase rotor
Supply system
PWM inverter
Run
contactors
Gearbo
x
PWM inverter
16. Converter Power Circuit
• Power circuit ( IGBT, DC capacitors and line reactors(grid &
Machine side))
• Filter ( PWM filter and DV/DT filter)
• Reactors ( grid side reactor and current sharing)
• DC link
• Dynamic Braking (chopper) and resistors
• Switching Components (Circuit breaker and contactor)
• Pre-charge Circuit
• Bus bar and cables
25. PWM filter Function
To maintain supply voltage quality to within acceptable limits by
providing a shunt path for distorting currents caused by PWM voltage
The filter must also withstand any further pre-defined distortion that
may be present on the grid
Typically 5th and 7th type harmonics
The design of the filter is dependent upon:
Switching frequency of the PWM source
29. Control Strategies
• Motor Control (FOC or DTC )
• Sensor less vector control
• Indirect vector control
• PWM methods
• SPWM
• 3rd harmonic injection
• Space vector modulation
• Advanced space vector modulation
• Various controllers
• DSP control
• Industrical PC (Beckoff or B&R controller)
30. Teams involve to develop a Power converter
Hardware Engineering
Control engineering
Modelling and simulation
Electrical Calculation
Other requirement ( mechanical, cooling, interfacing and SCADA)
