Abstract This paper presents the experimental investigations carried out for obtaining wide band operation of rectangular microstrip antenna by using aperture coupled feeding technique. By incorporating U-slots with stubs on the radiating element, antenna resonates for single wideband with an impedance bandwidth of 45.61%. The antenna has two resonant peaks f1 and f2 which occurs at 12.1 GHz and 14.38 GHz with minimum return loss of −32.46 dB and −46.12 dB respectively. The lower resonant frequency f1 is closer to the fundamental resonance of the rectangular patch. The second resonant frequency f2 is due to current along the edges of U-slots and stubs of aperture coupled U-slot and stub rectangular microstrip antenna (AUSRMSA). This technique also enhances the gain to 9.96 dB which is 1.89 times more than the gain of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (CRMA). The enhancement of impedance bandwidth and gain does not affect the nature of broadside radiation characteristics. The design concepts of antennas are presented and experimental results are discussed. Keywords: Microstrip, wide band, Aperture coupled, Slots.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
3D FSS with multiple transmission zeros and pseudo elliptic responsejournalBEEI
The three-dimensional frequency selective surface (3D FSS) with band reject multiple transmission zeros and pseudo-elliptic response is designed from two-dimensional (2D) periodic array of shielded micro strip lines to realize wide out-of–band radio wave rejection. The 3D FSS array consists of multimode cavities whose coupling with air can be controlled to obtain a desired frequency range. The proposed FSS with shorting via to ground exhibits pseudo-elliptic band-reject response in the frequency range from 6GHz to 14GHz. As the plane wave of linear polarization incidents perpendicularly to the shielded micro strip line with perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) boundary walls, two quasi-TEM modes are obtained known as air mode and substrate mode. The first 3D FSS design is a combination of two or more resonators. Furthermore, second 3D FSS design with three shorting vias result more elliptic band reject frequency response and a pass band transmission pole. All in phase resonators of design give transmission poles and out of phase combination of resonators give transmission zeros respectively. The proposed 3D FSS is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS software. These designs exhibit an improved performance for many practical applications such as antenna sub-reflector, and spatial filters.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
3D FSS with multiple transmission zeros and pseudo elliptic responsejournalBEEI
The three-dimensional frequency selective surface (3D FSS) with band reject multiple transmission zeros and pseudo-elliptic response is designed from two-dimensional (2D) periodic array of shielded micro strip lines to realize wide out-of–band radio wave rejection. The 3D FSS array consists of multimode cavities whose coupling with air can be controlled to obtain a desired frequency range. The proposed FSS with shorting via to ground exhibits pseudo-elliptic band-reject response in the frequency range from 6GHz to 14GHz. As the plane wave of linear polarization incidents perpendicularly to the shielded micro strip line with perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) boundary walls, two quasi-TEM modes are obtained known as air mode and substrate mode. The first 3D FSS design is a combination of two or more resonators. Furthermore, second 3D FSS design with three shorting vias result more elliptic band reject frequency response and a pass band transmission pole. All in phase resonators of design give transmission poles and out of phase combination of resonators give transmission zeros respectively. The proposed 3D FSS is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS software. These designs exhibit an improved performance for many practical applications such as antenna sub-reflector, and spatial filters.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Recently there is growing interest in a new technol
ogy, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it
has been applied successfully to the conception of
planar compact components for the
microwave and millimeter waves applications. In thi
s study, a V-band substrate integrated
waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are
conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS
code. Thus, through this modeling, design considera
tions and results are discussed and
presented. Attractive features including compact si
ze and planar form make these devices
structure easily integrated in planar circuits.
Prediction of path loss in a wireless system is important to determine its quality of service. Fluctuations
and variations of signal strength at higher frequency range in Near Field zone, is a common difficulty to
achieve higher data rate. Continuous variation in signal causes decay of strength by the interference of the
atmospheric obstructions and hence electric field intensity gradually decreases with the distance. In this
paper the behaviour of field strength is explored through AWAS Electromagnetic Code which predicts the
rapid variations in electric field intensity irrespective of environment as compare to statistical models
which do not capture the variations as per Environment. An adequate and optimum values of these
parameters is essential for efficient transmission. The results show that the numerical analysis predicts
much lower field strengths which could significantly affect the channel quality. . This investigation is
essential to reduce the rapid fluctuations in field strength of the WiMAX.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
16 15032 hight order ijeecs 1570310229 (manuscript)(edit)nooriasukmaningtyas
The excitation of the higher-order mode, 〖〖TE〗^y〗_1δ3 in rectangular dielectric resonator designed was explored to enhance the antenna gain and detailed elaboration is presented in this paper. The antenna was fed by a 50Ω microstrip line through an aperture cut in the ground plane. Besides avoiding spurious radiation, this feeding technique gives flexibility in controlling the amount of coupling in order to reduce the Q-factor in the higher-order mode RDRA. A design was developed and subsequently simulated using Ansoft HFSS ver 16.0 by utilizing Duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with a thickness (ts) of 0.254 mm, a permittivity (εs) of 2.2 and a loss tangent (δ) of 0.001 at 15 GHz. The higher-order mode, 〖〖TE〗^y〗_1δ3 RDRA achieved the measured gain at 9.76 dBi and the measured impedance bandwidth as much 2.5 GHz which is 4.7% more compared to the fundamental mode, 〖〖TE〗^y〗_1δ1. The result should be considered suitable for 5G applications.
Comparison between Rectangular and Circular Patch Antennas Arrayijceronline
In this paper, several designs of micorstip arrays antennas, suitable for wireless communication applications, are presented. This paper demonstratesseveral shapesof microstrip array antennas, such as rectangular and circular patch antennas array. Specifically, 4x1, 2x1, and single element of both shapes are designed and simulated bya full wave simulator(IE3d). Moreover, this paper presents acomparison between both rectangular and circular antenna arrays.Since, the resonance frequency of these antennas is 2.4 GHz, these antennas are suitable for ISM band and WLAN.
Inverted Diamond-shaped Notched Substrate and Patch for High-frequency Interf...IJECEIAES
Notches loaded on a patch antenna can affect significantly on the antenna impedance matching. Therefore, notching technique is an efficient way to reduce the electromagnetic interference with unwanted bands. In this paper, a novel inverted diamond - shaped closed-end slot on a substrate and vertexfed printed hexagonal patch ultra - wideband antenna is proposed for highfrequency band rejection. This antenna is fed using coplanar waveguide, and it is optimised by veering several patch parameters which further improved the inter bandwidth at both the lower and upper bands. However, the centrenotched band is shifted from 6GHz to 7.5GHz by cutting the inverted diamond shape in a special process. The developed ultra-wideband antenna is verified by comparing the simulation results with the measurement results. The measured results with a fractional bandwidth of 133% have a good agreement with the simulation results 146%. Moreover, the measured radiation showed omnidirectional patterns.
“Designed and Simulation Modified H Shaped” Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
This paper describes a new microstrip patch antenna which is presented by using a IE3D software
.These antenna is named as “Designed and simulation of modified H shaped microstrip patch antenna”. A
simulation result has been obtained which states that the microstrip patch antenna possess predictable multi
band characteristics. The result shows that the designed antenna can operated in three different frequency
bands with bandwidth of 2.68%, 10.23%, 5.60%.the resonating behavior makes this antenna suitable for
different type of applications.
A design of triple band slot loaded circular microstrip antenna for c- and x-...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Semi-circular compact CPW-fed antenna for ultra-wideband applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a simple structure and small size antenna design with dimensions of 43×47 mm2 to perform an ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range using a semicircular co-planar waveguide (CPW). This antenna has been designed and simulated by the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio suit. In this work, we design an ultra-wideband antenna (about 2 GHz to 10 GHz) by feeding a semi-circular compact antenna via a co-planar waveguide for input impedance of 50 Ω. The CST simulation results show that our designed antenna has a very good impedance and radiation characteristic within the intended ultra-wideband. Because of the small size and the suitable shape, this antenna can be used in many wireless communication applications, such as a radio frequency identifier (RFID), indoor wireless local area network or wireless fidelity (WiFi), internet of things (IoT), millimeter waves communications (mmWave), global positioning system (GPS), and many applications of 6G systems.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Co axial fed microstrip rectangular patch antenna design for bluetooth applic...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Abstract: - A design procedure for Microstrip rectangular patch antenna for Bluetooth application is presented. In Bluetooth open
wireless technology important constraints are size and installation of the antenna. In this paper the proposed antenna is designed
using transmission line model and can create resonance at 2.45 GHz with in Bluetooth frequency range 2400-2485 MHz. Coaxial
feed technique is used to excite the patch even though microstrip inset feed technique is present because of low radiation and
ease of installation. Placement of co axial feed for this patch is taken almost one third of length from virtual ground line i.e., at
the center line of the patch which is along the width lines and can creates resonance at 2.45 GHz with minimum reflection
coefficient (s11) at this feed position. Fabrication is done using photolithographic technique and is tested with Agilent Network
Analyzer to measure VSWR and S11 parameters. S-parameters are used to measure the antenna performance and shown that S11
value is low at resonant frequency. Variation of input impedance as function of frequency is also presented using Smith Chart .
Radiation patterns are drawn both in E-plane, H-plane in anechoic chamber and parameters like gain, beam width (both E and H
planes) are measured. Designed antenna is simulated on FR4 substrate with loss tangent tanδ=0.02 using Agilent Advance
Design System (ADS) software. Simulation and measurement results are compared and discussed.
Index Terms: Transmission line model, Blue tooth communications, S-parameters, VSWR, Anechoic chamber.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Recently there is growing interest in a new technol
ogy, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it
has been applied successfully to the conception of
planar compact components for the
microwave and millimeter waves applications. In thi
s study, a V-band substrate integrated
waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are
conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS
code. Thus, through this modeling, design considera
tions and results are discussed and
presented. Attractive features including compact si
ze and planar form make these devices
structure easily integrated in planar circuits.
Prediction of path loss in a wireless system is important to determine its quality of service. Fluctuations
and variations of signal strength at higher frequency range in Near Field zone, is a common difficulty to
achieve higher data rate. Continuous variation in signal causes decay of strength by the interference of the
atmospheric obstructions and hence electric field intensity gradually decreases with the distance. In this
paper the behaviour of field strength is explored through AWAS Electromagnetic Code which predicts the
rapid variations in electric field intensity irrespective of environment as compare to statistical models
which do not capture the variations as per Environment. An adequate and optimum values of these
parameters is essential for efficient transmission. The results show that the numerical analysis predicts
much lower field strengths which could significantly affect the channel quality. . This investigation is
essential to reduce the rapid fluctuations in field strength of the WiMAX.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
16 15032 hight order ijeecs 1570310229 (manuscript)(edit)nooriasukmaningtyas
The excitation of the higher-order mode, 〖〖TE〗^y〗_1δ3 in rectangular dielectric resonator designed was explored to enhance the antenna gain and detailed elaboration is presented in this paper. The antenna was fed by a 50Ω microstrip line through an aperture cut in the ground plane. Besides avoiding spurious radiation, this feeding technique gives flexibility in controlling the amount of coupling in order to reduce the Q-factor in the higher-order mode RDRA. A design was developed and subsequently simulated using Ansoft HFSS ver 16.0 by utilizing Duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with a thickness (ts) of 0.254 mm, a permittivity (εs) of 2.2 and a loss tangent (δ) of 0.001 at 15 GHz. The higher-order mode, 〖〖TE〗^y〗_1δ3 RDRA achieved the measured gain at 9.76 dBi and the measured impedance bandwidth as much 2.5 GHz which is 4.7% more compared to the fundamental mode, 〖〖TE〗^y〗_1δ1. The result should be considered suitable for 5G applications.
Comparison between Rectangular and Circular Patch Antennas Arrayijceronline
In this paper, several designs of micorstip arrays antennas, suitable for wireless communication applications, are presented. This paper demonstratesseveral shapesof microstrip array antennas, such as rectangular and circular patch antennas array. Specifically, 4x1, 2x1, and single element of both shapes are designed and simulated bya full wave simulator(IE3d). Moreover, this paper presents acomparison between both rectangular and circular antenna arrays.Since, the resonance frequency of these antennas is 2.4 GHz, these antennas are suitable for ISM band and WLAN.
Inverted Diamond-shaped Notched Substrate and Patch for High-frequency Interf...IJECEIAES
Notches loaded on a patch antenna can affect significantly on the antenna impedance matching. Therefore, notching technique is an efficient way to reduce the electromagnetic interference with unwanted bands. In this paper, a novel inverted diamond - shaped closed-end slot on a substrate and vertexfed printed hexagonal patch ultra - wideband antenna is proposed for highfrequency band rejection. This antenna is fed using coplanar waveguide, and it is optimised by veering several patch parameters which further improved the inter bandwidth at both the lower and upper bands. However, the centrenotched band is shifted from 6GHz to 7.5GHz by cutting the inverted diamond shape in a special process. The developed ultra-wideband antenna is verified by comparing the simulation results with the measurement results. The measured results with a fractional bandwidth of 133% have a good agreement with the simulation results 146%. Moreover, the measured radiation showed omnidirectional patterns.
“Designed and Simulation Modified H Shaped” Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
This paper describes a new microstrip patch antenna which is presented by using a IE3D software
.These antenna is named as “Designed and simulation of modified H shaped microstrip patch antenna”. A
simulation result has been obtained which states that the microstrip patch antenna possess predictable multi
band characteristics. The result shows that the designed antenna can operated in three different frequency
bands with bandwidth of 2.68%, 10.23%, 5.60%.the resonating behavior makes this antenna suitable for
different type of applications.
A design of triple band slot loaded circular microstrip antenna for c- and x-...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Semi-circular compact CPW-fed antenna for ultra-wideband applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a simple structure and small size antenna design with dimensions of 43×47 mm2 to perform an ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range using a semicircular co-planar waveguide (CPW). This antenna has been designed and simulated by the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio suit. In this work, we design an ultra-wideband antenna (about 2 GHz to 10 GHz) by feeding a semi-circular compact antenna via a co-planar waveguide for input impedance of 50 Ω. The CST simulation results show that our designed antenna has a very good impedance and radiation characteristic within the intended ultra-wideband. Because of the small size and the suitable shape, this antenna can be used in many wireless communication applications, such as a radio frequency identifier (RFID), indoor wireless local area network or wireless fidelity (WiFi), internet of things (IoT), millimeter waves communications (mmWave), global positioning system (GPS), and many applications of 6G systems.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Co axial fed microstrip rectangular patch antenna design for bluetooth applic...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Abstract: - A design procedure for Microstrip rectangular patch antenna for Bluetooth application is presented. In Bluetooth open
wireless technology important constraints are size and installation of the antenna. In this paper the proposed antenna is designed
using transmission line model and can create resonance at 2.45 GHz with in Bluetooth frequency range 2400-2485 MHz. Coaxial
feed technique is used to excite the patch even though microstrip inset feed technique is present because of low radiation and
ease of installation. Placement of co axial feed for this patch is taken almost one third of length from virtual ground line i.e., at
the center line of the patch which is along the width lines and can creates resonance at 2.45 GHz with minimum reflection
coefficient (s11) at this feed position. Fabrication is done using photolithographic technique and is tested with Agilent Network
Analyzer to measure VSWR and S11 parameters. S-parameters are used to measure the antenna performance and shown that S11
value is low at resonant frequency. Variation of input impedance as function of frequency is also presented using Smith Chart .
Radiation patterns are drawn both in E-plane, H-plane in anechoic chamber and parameters like gain, beam width (both E and H
planes) are measured. Designed antenna is simulated on FR4 substrate with loss tangent tanδ=0.02 using Agilent Advance
Design System (ADS) software. Simulation and measurement results are compared and discussed.
Index Terms: Transmission line model, Blue tooth communications, S-parameters, VSWR, Anechoic chamber.
Wide slit rectangular microstrip antenna with spiral ebg structureeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
A Broadband Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communicationswww.nbtc.go.th
In this paper, a simple design of wideband
rectangular patch antenna is presented by using asymmetrical
feed and a reduction in ground plane with proper gap distance.
The frequency-dependent characteristic impedance included in
the proposed procedure is addressed to eliminate possible
errors in the high-frequency broadband applications. The
antenna proposed in this research provides 2.3GHz bandwidth
(frequency range: 0.9GHz - 3.2GHz) which can be utilized in
various broadband applications such as remote sensing,
biomedical and mobile radio. The proposed procedure in this
research is compatible with CAD applications and is valuable
contribution as it permits quick and easy design for RF
engineers.
Reference : International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, Vol. 4, No. 3, June 2014
http://www.ijmo.org/papers/373-A0002.pdf
Thanks for reading.
Noppadol Tiamnara
Directly coupled microstrip array antennas for wideband applicationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Development of patch stack antenna for CP-SAR sensorjournalBEEI
In this paper, we obtain the basic configuration of the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna. This construction use the basic corporate feed microstrip-line with modified lossless T-junction power divider on radiating patch for circularly polarized-synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR) sensor embedded on airspace with compact, small, and simple configuration. The design of Circular Polarization (CP) is realized by truncating the whole three tips and adjusting the parameters of antenna at the resonant frequency, f=5.2 GHz. The results of characteristic performance and S-parameter for the LHCP array two patches stack antenna at the resonant frequency show successively about 7.24 dBic of gain, 1.99 dB of axial ratio (Ar), and -11.43 dB of S-parameter. Moreover, the impedance bandwidth and the 3 dB-Ar bandwidth of this antenna are around 560 MHz (10.77%) and 50 MHz (0.96%), respectively.
CIRCULARLY POLARIZED APERTURE COUPLED MICROSTRIP SHORT BACKFIRE ANTENNA WITH ...IAEME Publication
A circularly polarized microstrip short back fire antenna (CPMSBA) with two ringcorrugated rim using aperture coupling feed method is proposed in this paper. Theantenna is designed to operate in KU-band. The simulation results verify the circular
polarization. The axial ratio bandwidth bwAR is 3.74%, gain is 10.43 dBi andradiation efficiency is 89.7%. The antenna has a compact structure and high electricaland mechanical characteristics.
A pair of wideband antenna serve as an impedance transformer for the
proposed antenna, which consists of a dipole with periodic capacitive
loading. Periodic capacitive loading is achieved at each sector by adding
interlaced coupling lines. In order to create a broad impedance bandwidth,
the periodic interlaced coupling lines split each arm of the dipole into five
portions. Currents are dispersed on the various sections at different
frequencies. The suggested antenna is an excellent choice for radar
applications since it has a high gain and a low amount of cross polarisation.
With the aid of innovative design methods including codirectional inclusion
of interdigital capacitance, this research study proposes an interdigital
capacitance for wideband (WB) applications interdigital capacitor (IDC).
The suggested IDC antenna, which works between 4.70 and 11 GHz, has
dimensions of 6.36x6.35x1.6 mm3. This page explores in-depth data on gain
over frequency, far field patterns, and surface current distribution on
antennas. The suggested antenna's feasibility is shown by simulation data
that demonstrates excellent equality on return loss.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Design and development of aperture coupled rectangular microstrip antenna for wide band operation
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 356
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF APERTURE COUPLED
RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR WIDE BAND
OPERATION
B. Suryakanth
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bheemanna Khandre Institute of Technology, Bhalki,
Karnataka 585328, India
Abstract
This paper presents the experimental investigations carried out for obtaining wide band operation of rectangular microstrip antenna
by using aperture coupled feeding technique. By incorporating U-slots with stubs on the radiating element, antenna resonates for
single wideband with an impedance bandwidth of 45.61%. The antenna has two resonant peaks f1 and f2 which occurs at 12.1 GHz
and 14.38 GHz with minimum return loss of −32.46 dB and −46.12 dB respectively. The lower resonant frequency f1 is closer to the
fundamental resonance of the rectangular patch. The second resonant frequency f2 is due to current along the edges of U-slots and
stubs of aperture coupled U-slot and stub rectangular microstrip antenna (AUSRMSA). This technique also enhances the gain to 9.96
dB which is 1.89 times more than the gain of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (CRMA). The enhancement of impedance
bandwidth and gain does not affect the nature of broadside radiation characteristics. The design concepts of antennas are presented
and experimental results are discussed.
Keywords: Microstrip, wide band, Aperture coupled, Slots.
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
In the current communication systems, the use and significance
of microstrip antennas (MSAs) has become widespread due to
their attractive features such as light weight, low volume, ease
in fabrication and low cost [1]. However, the major limitations
associated with MSAs are narrow impedance bandwidth and
low gain. The conventional MSAs have typical impedance
bandwidth nearly 2 to 5% [1-2], which restricts their many
useful applications. Therefore, much work has been devoted to
increasing the impedance bandwidth of microstrip antennas,
such as adding an impedance matching network, stacked
patches, using parasitic patches, slots or by using additional
resonators [3–9] and gain [10-12]. In this presentation wide
band antenna is realized by using aperture coupled feeding
technique. Further the proposed antenna is also capable for the
enhancement of gain and reduction of cross polar power level
by placing U-slot & stubs on the patch and by feeding it
through aperture coupled technique. The enhancement of
bandwidth, gain and reduction of cross-polar power level does
not affect the nature of broadside radiation characteristics.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE ANTENNA GEOMETRY
The art work of proposed antennas are developed using
computer software AutoCAD and are fabricated on low cost
glass epoxy substrate material of thickness h=1.6 mm and
permittivity r=4.2. The CRMA has been designed using the
equations available in the literature [1]. Figure 1 show the
geometry of CRMA, which is designed for the resonant
frequency of 9.4 GHz. The antenna is fed by using
microstripline feeding. This feeding has been preferred because
of its simplicity and it can be simultaneously fabricated along
with the antenna element. Figure 1 consists of a radiating patch
of length L and width W, quarter wave transformer of length Lt
and width Wt used between the patch and 50 microstripline
feed of length Lf and width Wf. At the tip of microstripline feed,
a 50 coaxial SMA connector is used for feeding the
microwave power.
Fig 1 Geometry of CRMA
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 357
Figure 2 shows the geometry of AUSRMSA. The radiating
element is etched on the top surface of substrate S1 as shown in
Fig. 2 (a). The two open circuited stubs of length LT and width
WT are placed at a distance D1 on the radiating element. The
dimensions of LT and WT are taken as 0/6.30 and 0/63.83
respectively. The distance D1 is chosen as 0/63.83 from the
non-radiating edges of the rectangular patch. The U-slot is
placed at the centre of the patch, which is symmetrical to its
centre axis along the width. The distance between the vertical
arms of the U-slot and open circuit stub D2 is 0/16.38. The
length and width of the U-slot are same as that of the open
circuit stubs. The distance between the inner sides of the U slots
Ua is taken as 0/10.64. The copper layer on the bottom
surface of S1 is removed. The H-coupling aperture is etched
on top surface of substrate S2 which is the ground plane as
shown in Fig. 2 (b). The length L1 of vertical arm in H-slot is
0/10.64 and width W2 is 0/63.83. The length and width of
horizontal arm namely L2 and W1 of this slot are 0/15.95 and
0/63.83 respectively as shown in Fig. 3.
(a) Radiating element of AUSRMSA (b) Coupling slot on the ground plane (c) Microstrip line feed etched on the top surface of S1
Fig. 2 Geometry of AUSRMSA
In the aperture coupled feed configuration, the field is coupled
from the microstripline feed to the radiating patch through an
electrically small aperture or slot cut in the ground plane as
shown in Fig. 2 (b). The coupling aperture is usually centered
under the patch, leading to lower cross-polarization due to
symmetry of the configuration. The shape, size and location of
the aperture decide the amount of power to be coupled from the
feed line to the patch. The expanded geometry of the coupling
H-slot is as shown in Fig. 3. This aperture has been preferred
because it is more effective in coupling the power to the patch
etched on the top surface of S1 when compared to any other
aperture [13]. The length of each vertical arm in H-slot is L1
and width W2. The length and width of horizontal arm of this
slot are L2 and W1 respectively as shown in Fig. 3. Table1 and
Table 2 show the design parameters of the proposed antennas in
mm.
Fig. 3 Expanded geometry of H-coupling slot
Table 1 Design parameters of CRMA
Antenna
Parameters
L W Lt Wt Lf Wf h N M
Dimensions
(mm)
7.10 9.89 4.18 0.48 4.10 2.50 16 25 25
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 358
Table 2: Design Parameters of Adusrmsa
Antenna
Parameters
L′f W′f L1 L2 W1& W2 LT WT Ua D1 D2
Dimensions
(mm)
13.00 2.50 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.06 0.5 2.99 0.50 1.95
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The CRMA is designed and fabricated for 9.4 GHz of
frequency which is standard or test frequency of X-band. The
impedance bandwidth over return loss less than −10 dB is
measured from 8 to 12 GHz of frequencies. The variation of
return loss versus frequency of CRMA is as shown in Fig. 4.
Fig 4 Variation of return loss versus frequency of CRMA
From this figure, it is seen that the antenna resonates at 9.11
GHz of frequency with minimum return loss of −16.79 dB. The
impedance bandwidth (BW1) of CRMA is calculated by
using equation (1) and is found to be 4.40 %.
BW =
C
LH
f
ff
100% (1)
Where, fH and fL are the upper and lower cut-off frequency of
the band respectively when its return loss becomes -10dB and fc
is the centre frequency between fH and fL. The variation of
return loss versus frequency of AUSRMSA of Fig. 2 is as
shown in Fig. 5. From this figure, it is seen that, the antenna
resonates for single band BW. The impedance bandwidth of
BW is found to be 45.61 %. From the Fig. 5, it is observed that,
two resonant peaks f1 and f2 occurs at 12.1 GHz and 14.38 GHz
respectively with minimum return loss of −32.46 dB and
−46.12 dB respectively. The use of U-slots with stubs in this
antenna resonates very close to the patch resonance.
Fig 5 Variation of return loss versus frequency of AUSRMSA
The co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns of CRMA are
measured in its operating band. The typical radiation patterns
measured at 9.11 GHz are as shown in Fig. 6. From this figure,
it is seen that, the pattern is broadsided and linearly polarized.
The half power beam width (HPBW) measured from Fig.6 is
found to be 760
. The cross-polar power level is −10.14 dB down
compared to co-polar power level. The cross polar power level
usually -10 dB down or below with respect to co-polar power
level normally indicates the broadside nature of radiation. The
gain of CRMA is found to be 5.26 dB.
Fig 6 Co-polar and cross polar radiation patterns of CRMA
measured at 9.11 GHz.
The co-polar and cross-polar radiation pattern of AUSRMSA is
measured in its operating band BW. A typical radiation pattern
measured at 12.1 GHz is as shown in Fig. 7. From this figure, it
is seen that, the pattern is broadsided and linearly polarized.
The HPBW measured from Fig 7 is found to be 94.84°. The
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 359
gain of AUSRMSA is found to be 9.96 dB which is 1.89 times
more than the gain of CRMSA.
Fig 7 Co-polar and cross polar radiation patterns of AUSRMSA
measured at 12.1 GHz.
The variation of input impedance of AUSRMSA is measured
on VNA which is as shown in Fig. 8. In this figure the multiple
loci appears around the centre of the Smith chart. This validates
its wide band nature.
Fig 8 Variation of input impedance of AUSRMSA
The minimum input impedance of this antenna is 49.24−ј78.33
Ω found from Smith chart which is very close to the
characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. This shows excellent
impedance matching.
CONCLUSIONS
From the detailed experimental study it is concluded that the
use of aperture coupled technique is effective in enhancing the
impedance bandwidth of CRMA. The impedance bandwidth of
BW of AUSRMSA is found to be 45.61 %. This technique also
enhances the gain to 9.96 dB which is 1.89 times more than the
gain of CRMA. The enhancement of impedance bandwidth,
gain and reduction of cross-polar power level does not affect
the nature of broadside radiation characteristics. The proposed
antennas are simple in design and fabrication and they use low
cost substrate material. The wideband broadside nature of
radiation of AUSRMSA may find applications in radar
communication systems operating from X to Ku-band of
frequencies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to thank Dept. of Science & Technology
(DST), Govt. of India, New Delhi, for sanctioning Vector
Network Analyser to the department of P.G. Studies and
Research in Applied Electronics, GulbargaUniversity, Gulbarga,
Karnataka 585 106, India under FIST project.
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5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 360
[12] David R. Jackson and Nicolaos G. Alexopoulos, “Gain
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BIOGRAPHIE
Dr. B. Suryakanth received the M.E degree in
Power Electronics from Poojya Doddappa Appa
College of Engineering, Gulbarga, Karnataka in
the year 2004 & Ph. D degree in the field of
Microwave Electronics in the Department of P.
G. Studies & Research in Applied Electronics, Gulbarga
University, Gulbarga, Karnataka in the year 2013. His research
interest involves design, development and parametric
performance study of microstrip antennas.