This document describes the development of a left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) array antenna consisting of two stacked triangular truncated microstrip patches for use in circularly polarized synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR) sensors. The antenna was designed to operate at 5.2 GHz with a gain of 7.24 dBic, axial ratio of 1.99 dB, and return loss of -11.43 dB. It achieved an impedance bandwidth of 560 MHz (10.77%) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 50 MHz (0.96%). The stacked patch configuration fed by a corporate microstrip feed network was found to provide improved bandwidth performance over previous single patch antenna designs.
Design and analysis of microstrip antenna with zig-zag feeder for wireless co...journalBEEI
This paper is presented a microstrip antenna with a zig-zag feeder for wireless communication, it has a wideband frequency spectrum (2-14) GHz. The proposed antenna is designed with a zig zag feed line which gave a wideband frequency and acceptable gain (7.448-5.928) dB, this antenna has zig zag slots printed in the ground plane on a lower side of the dielectric substrate, a certain form tuning stub is used to increase the matching between the feeder in the top layer of the substrate and ground plane in the bottom, this stub has an elliptical slot to performance matching input impedance with the feed line. The feeding technique used to feed this antenna is a strip feed line of 50 Ω. Different types of techniques are used to enhance the bandwidth of this antenna to get a wideband suitable for the requirements of the UWB antenna such as adjust the feed point position of the feed line with a tuning stub. All the radiation properties of the presented antenna are tested such as bandwidth, radiation pattern, and, gain.
Performance analysis of beam divergence propagation through rainwater and sno...journalBEEI
In the present work the future communication requirements need to fulfill with high data rate, FSO (free space optic) with it is tremendous potential is the solution. This research observed the effectiveness analysis of FSO systems by modifying one of the most important FSO parameters beam divergence, under the most affected weather attenuating condition Rainwater and snow pack. The simulation is obtained and analyzed under single channels CSRZ-FSO (carrier-suppressed return-to-zero/free space optical) systems having capacity of 40 Gbps between two transceivers with variable distance. The connection is presently under 5 meteorological turbulences (light rain, medium rain, wet snow, heavy rain and dry snow). The results show the heavy rain and dry snow have a very high attenuation carried out in terms of Q-factor. this result led us to conclude that small divergence offers significant performance improvement for FSO link and this performance decrease every time the beam divergence increase, Therefore, to build inexpensive and reliable transmission media, we go with new method that still in the experiment area called hybrid RF/FSO (radio frequency/free space optical) that compatible with atmospherically status.
LHCP four patches stack triangular truncated antenna using corporate feed mic...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we acquire the configuration of the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) array four patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna. This construction use the basic corporate feed microstrip-line with modified lossless T-junction power divider on radiating patch for circularly polarized-synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR) sensor embedded on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with compact, small, and simple configuration. The design of circular polarization (CP) is realized by truncating the whole three tips and adjusting the parameters of antenna at the target frequency, f=5.2 GHz. The results of characteristic performance and S-parameter for the LHCP array four patches stack antenna at the target frequency show successively about 9.74 dBic of gain, 2.89 dB of axial ratio (Ar), and −10.91 dB of S-parameter. Moreover, the impedance bandwidth and the 3 dB-Ar bandwidth of this antenna are around 410 MHz (7.89%) and 100 MHz (1.92%), respectively.
Circularly polarized antenna array based on hybrid couplers for 5G devicesjournalBEEI
This paper depicts a wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 5G devices. The antenna array has a 3D structure including four simple printed dipole elements with directional radiations, high gain, and high efficiency. It achieves a CP by using the sequential rotation (SR) feeding based on 90°-3dB hybrid couplers in the proposed feeding network. The antenna array bandwidth is wide, 26.7%, with an operating frequency band from 3.35 GHz to 4.35 GHz. The antenna achieves a high peak gain of 10.73 dBi and high efficiency of 93.75%. Besides, the antenna gain is stable over the operating bandwidth (BW). At the centre operating frequency of 3.75 GHz, the angle of circular polarization is 51°. The antenna is designed and fabricated on the Rogers 4003 C substrate. The measured S11 is well matching with the simulation results. With the above characteristics, the proposed antenna can be a suitable candidate for 5G devices.
Design and analysis of microstrip antenna with zig-zag feeder for wireless co...journalBEEI
This paper is presented a microstrip antenna with a zig-zag feeder for wireless communication, it has a wideband frequency spectrum (2-14) GHz. The proposed antenna is designed with a zig zag feed line which gave a wideband frequency and acceptable gain (7.448-5.928) dB, this antenna has zig zag slots printed in the ground plane on a lower side of the dielectric substrate, a certain form tuning stub is used to increase the matching between the feeder in the top layer of the substrate and ground plane in the bottom, this stub has an elliptical slot to performance matching input impedance with the feed line. The feeding technique used to feed this antenna is a strip feed line of 50 Ω. Different types of techniques are used to enhance the bandwidth of this antenna to get a wideband suitable for the requirements of the UWB antenna such as adjust the feed point position of the feed line with a tuning stub. All the radiation properties of the presented antenna are tested such as bandwidth, radiation pattern, and, gain.
Performance analysis of beam divergence propagation through rainwater and sno...journalBEEI
In the present work the future communication requirements need to fulfill with high data rate, FSO (free space optic) with it is tremendous potential is the solution. This research observed the effectiveness analysis of FSO systems by modifying one of the most important FSO parameters beam divergence, under the most affected weather attenuating condition Rainwater and snow pack. The simulation is obtained and analyzed under single channels CSRZ-FSO (carrier-suppressed return-to-zero/free space optical) systems having capacity of 40 Gbps between two transceivers with variable distance. The connection is presently under 5 meteorological turbulences (light rain, medium rain, wet snow, heavy rain and dry snow). The results show the heavy rain and dry snow have a very high attenuation carried out in terms of Q-factor. this result led us to conclude that small divergence offers significant performance improvement for FSO link and this performance decrease every time the beam divergence increase, Therefore, to build inexpensive and reliable transmission media, we go with new method that still in the experiment area called hybrid RF/FSO (radio frequency/free space optical) that compatible with atmospherically status.
LHCP four patches stack triangular truncated antenna using corporate feed mic...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we acquire the configuration of the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) array four patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna. This construction use the basic corporate feed microstrip-line with modified lossless T-junction power divider on radiating patch for circularly polarized-synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR) sensor embedded on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with compact, small, and simple configuration. The design of circular polarization (CP) is realized by truncating the whole three tips and adjusting the parameters of antenna at the target frequency, f=5.2 GHz. The results of characteristic performance and S-parameter for the LHCP array four patches stack antenna at the target frequency show successively about 9.74 dBic of gain, 2.89 dB of axial ratio (Ar), and −10.91 dB of S-parameter. Moreover, the impedance bandwidth and the 3 dB-Ar bandwidth of this antenna are around 410 MHz (7.89%) and 100 MHz (1.92%), respectively.
Circularly polarized antenna array based on hybrid couplers for 5G devicesjournalBEEI
This paper depicts a wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 5G devices. The antenna array has a 3D structure including four simple printed dipole elements with directional radiations, high gain, and high efficiency. It achieves a CP by using the sequential rotation (SR) feeding based on 90°-3dB hybrid couplers in the proposed feeding network. The antenna array bandwidth is wide, 26.7%, with an operating frequency band from 3.35 GHz to 4.35 GHz. The antenna achieves a high peak gain of 10.73 dBi and high efficiency of 93.75%. Besides, the antenna gain is stable over the operating bandwidth (BW). At the centre operating frequency of 3.75 GHz, the angle of circular polarization is 51°. The antenna is designed and fabricated on the Rogers 4003 C substrate. The measured S11 is well matching with the simulation results. With the above characteristics, the proposed antenna can be a suitable candidate for 5G devices.
A new look on CSI imperfection in downlink NOMA systemsjournalBEEI
Observing that cooperative scheme benefits to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, we focus on system performance analysis of downlink. However, spectrum efficiency is still high priority to be addressed in existing systems and hence this paper presents full-duplex enabling in NOMA systems. Other challenge needs be considered related to channel state information (CSI). In particular, we derive closedform expressions of outage probability for such NOMA systems under the presence of CSI imperfection. Furthermore, to fully exploit practical environment, we provide system model associated with Nakagami-m fading. The Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the exactness of considered systems.
A cellular base station antenna configuration for variable coverageIJECEIAES
The field coverage offered by the base station antenna in GSM systems influences the reception and interference performances. The coverage can be varied by scanning the mainbeam direction or varying the shape of the radiation pattern. In cellular system applications, a simple technique is desirable to achieve this goal. A simple technique to vary the coverage of cellular base station is investigated. The technique uses two conventional antennas tilted by a certain angle and fed by the same signal but at variable amplitudes. It is demonstrated that the field across one half of the covered sector can be gradually increased while that at the other half is reduced by varying the excitations of the two antenna elements. This can be deployed in a simple electronic means in response to the changing scenario rather readjusting the direction of the base station antenna.
Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellul...journalBEEI
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Patch Antenna Using CSRR for WLAN/WiMAX Appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized multiband, single-feed microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper for
WLAN and WiMAX applications. Both size reduction and multiband are obtained by etching the Multiple
Complementary Split Ring Resonators (MC-SRR) on the ground plane of the normal patch antenna. At
first, the normal patch antenna produces a single band of 5.15 GHz; 200 MHz (5.0500~5.2499).
Subsequently, a Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (SC-SRR) is etched on the ground plane and
produces a triple band of: 3.25 GHz; 288 MHz (3.1085~3.3964), 4.5 GHz; 101.3 MHz (4.4488~4.5501),
and 5.22 GHz; 220 MHz (5.1191~5.3400) and Double Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (DC-MCSRR)
with: 2.99 GHz; 60.7 MHz (2.9574~3.0181), 3.57 GHz; 324.7 MHz (3.4065~3.7312), and 5.1413 GHz;
115.4 MHz (5.0817~5.1971). The working bandwidths cover the desired frequency bands of WLAN
5.2 GHz and WiMAX 3.3/3.5 GHz. The proposed (MC-SRR) antenna can be employed to wireless
communication systems due to its simplicity in design, compactness and miniaturization.
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductorjournalBEEI
The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-arrayjournalBEEI
Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.
A design of triple band slot loaded circular microstrip antenna for c- and x-...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
STUDY OF ARRAY BI-CONICAL ANTENNA FOR DME APPLICATIONSijwmn
This paper introduces a new configuration of array bi-conical antenna to enhance the gain of an antenna for Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) avionic system. Due to its large size, the antenna can be placed in terrestrials DME stations. The antenna consists of the bi-conical elements placed in a linear configuration. The simulated maximum gain is 10.2dB, the antenna operates in the DME band (960 – 1215 MHz). Al the simulations are performed with CADFEKO a Method of Moments based Solver.
5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna IJECEIAES
5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚.
Simulation and optimization of a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenn...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is simulated and optimized to operate in four frequency bands of the next generation of wireless communication systems. The proposed design incorporates a copper radiating patch with four implanted graphene strips for tuning purposes. The reconfigurable surface impedance of graphene can easily be altered by applying a DC voltage bias directly to the graphene strips, allowing the operating frequency of the antenna to be tuned as desired. The capability of the applied voltage to tune the operating frequency band of the proposed antenna is studied via computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (MWS). Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are introduced in order to improve the radiation parameters of the antenna. The operating frequency band of the tuneable rectangular MPA increases directly as the applied DC voltage bias is increased. Based on the simulation results, a tuneable rectangular MPA placed between two FSSs is proposed for fifth-generation applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2D-EBG UNDER MONOPOLE ANTENNAjantjournal
The artificial properties in two dimensional electromagnetic structures (2D-EBGs), such as PMC and Band Reject Region are investigated for a proposed structure of square shaped mushroom. The radiation characteristics of monopole antenna over this 2D-EBG is tested by considering two cases. During first case monopole antenna is made to operate within band rejection region. Second case monopole antenna made operate outside the band rejection range. The obtained results during first case is showing enhancement in operating band width and smoother radiation pattern. In second case the effect is null and
2D-EBG resembles like conventional plane reflector. The simulated results are presented.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A new look on CSI imperfection in downlink NOMA systemsjournalBEEI
Observing that cooperative scheme benefits to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, we focus on system performance analysis of downlink. However, spectrum efficiency is still high priority to be addressed in existing systems and hence this paper presents full-duplex enabling in NOMA systems. Other challenge needs be considered related to channel state information (CSI). In particular, we derive closedform expressions of outage probability for such NOMA systems under the presence of CSI imperfection. Furthermore, to fully exploit practical environment, we provide system model associated with Nakagami-m fading. The Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the exactness of considered systems.
A cellular base station antenna configuration for variable coverageIJECEIAES
The field coverage offered by the base station antenna in GSM systems influences the reception and interference performances. The coverage can be varied by scanning the mainbeam direction or varying the shape of the radiation pattern. In cellular system applications, a simple technique is desirable to achieve this goal. A simple technique to vary the coverage of cellular base station is investigated. The technique uses two conventional antennas tilted by a certain angle and fed by the same signal but at variable amplitudes. It is demonstrated that the field across one half of the covered sector can be gradually increased while that at the other half is reduced by varying the excitations of the two antenna elements. This can be deployed in a simple electronic means in response to the changing scenario rather readjusting the direction of the base station antenna.
Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellul...journalBEEI
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Patch Antenna Using CSRR for WLAN/WiMAX Appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized multiband, single-feed microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper for
WLAN and WiMAX applications. Both size reduction and multiband are obtained by etching the Multiple
Complementary Split Ring Resonators (MC-SRR) on the ground plane of the normal patch antenna. At
first, the normal patch antenna produces a single band of 5.15 GHz; 200 MHz (5.0500~5.2499).
Subsequently, a Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (SC-SRR) is etched on the ground plane and
produces a triple band of: 3.25 GHz; 288 MHz (3.1085~3.3964), 4.5 GHz; 101.3 MHz (4.4488~4.5501),
and 5.22 GHz; 220 MHz (5.1191~5.3400) and Double Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (DC-MCSRR)
with: 2.99 GHz; 60.7 MHz (2.9574~3.0181), 3.57 GHz; 324.7 MHz (3.4065~3.7312), and 5.1413 GHz;
115.4 MHz (5.0817~5.1971). The working bandwidths cover the desired frequency bands of WLAN
5.2 GHz and WiMAX 3.3/3.5 GHz. The proposed (MC-SRR) antenna can be employed to wireless
communication systems due to its simplicity in design, compactness and miniaturization.
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductorjournalBEEI
The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-arrayjournalBEEI
Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.
A design of triple band slot loaded circular microstrip antenna for c- and x-...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
STUDY OF ARRAY BI-CONICAL ANTENNA FOR DME APPLICATIONSijwmn
This paper introduces a new configuration of array bi-conical antenna to enhance the gain of an antenna for Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) avionic system. Due to its large size, the antenna can be placed in terrestrials DME stations. The antenna consists of the bi-conical elements placed in a linear configuration. The simulated maximum gain is 10.2dB, the antenna operates in the DME band (960 – 1215 MHz). Al the simulations are performed with CADFEKO a Method of Moments based Solver.
5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna IJECEIAES
5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚.
Simulation and optimization of a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenn...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is simulated and optimized to operate in four frequency bands of the next generation of wireless communication systems. The proposed design incorporates a copper radiating patch with four implanted graphene strips for tuning purposes. The reconfigurable surface impedance of graphene can easily be altered by applying a DC voltage bias directly to the graphene strips, allowing the operating frequency of the antenna to be tuned as desired. The capability of the applied voltage to tune the operating frequency band of the proposed antenna is studied via computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (MWS). Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are introduced in order to improve the radiation parameters of the antenna. The operating frequency band of the tuneable rectangular MPA increases directly as the applied DC voltage bias is increased. Based on the simulation results, a tuneable rectangular MPA placed between two FSSs is proposed for fifth-generation applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2D-EBG UNDER MONOPOLE ANTENNAjantjournal
The artificial properties in two dimensional electromagnetic structures (2D-EBGs), such as PMC and Band Reject Region are investigated for a proposed structure of square shaped mushroom. The radiation characteristics of monopole antenna over this 2D-EBG is tested by considering two cases. During first case monopole antenna is made to operate within band rejection region. Second case monopole antenna made operate outside the band rejection range. The obtained results during first case is showing enhancement in operating band width and smoother radiation pattern. In second case the effect is null and
2D-EBG resembles like conventional plane reflector. The simulated results are presented.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
MINIATURISATION OF PATCH ANTENNA USING NOVEL FRACTAL GEOMETRYIAEME Publication
In the Field of low profile antennamicro strip patch antennas have attracted many researchers due to small sizeand low cost of fabrication. One of trending member of new designs is Fractalantenna. Fractal shapes are recursive/repetitive self-similar geometries, dueto this self-similarity they can provide high gain, multiband, widebandsolutions and design miniature antenna. Fractal shapes are widely used incomputing, analysis and design; recent trends suggest positive outcomes ofusing fractal shapes in electromagnetics and communication system. In thispaper Jerusalem cube fractal shape is introduced in probe fed conventionalpatch antenna for L1 band. A dual band antenna resonating at 1.41 GHz (L) and3.37 (S) GHz, band is constructed using said fractal shape.
In this paper, a novel multi-frequency microstrip antenna with complementary ring slot resonator (CRSR) structure that satisfies Bluetooth, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is proposed. The conventional antenna consists of a circular microstrip patch at a resonance frequency band of 2.5 GHz. By loading two CRSR at the radiating element, three operating frequency bands 2.5 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5.2 GHz are achieved. The operational bands covered by the antenna are Bluetooth 2.5 GHz, WiMAX 3.6 GHz, and WLAN 5.2 GHz. The insertion of CRSR to patch antenna has made it possible to compact and simple design, and miniaturized antenna for cognitive radio. Moreover, the directivity of the proposed antenna is adequate with acceptable radiation properties and perfectly matches with the simulated and measured results.
Design of wide band slotted microstrip patch antenna with defective ground st...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) in the Ku band for satellite applications. The antenna is small in size with dimensions of about 40 mm×48 mm×1.59 mm and is fed with a coaxial cable of 50 Ω impedance. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth of 3.03 GHz ranging from 12.8 GHz to 15.8 GHz. To realize the characteristics of wideband the techniques of defective ground structure (DGS) and etching slots on the radiating element are adopted. The antenna is modeled on the FR4 substrate. A basic circular patch is selected for the design of a dual-frequency operation and in the next step DGS is introduced into the basic antenna and enhanced bandwidth is achieved at both the frequencies. To attain wider bandwidth two slots are etched on the radiating element of which one is a square ring slot and the second one is a circular ring slot. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a miniaturized design and unique response within the Ku band region which is applicable for wireless UWB applications with VSWR <2 and an average gain of 3.6 dB.
Bandwidth enhancement of dual-band bi-directional microstrip antenna using co...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a bandwidth enhancement of a dual-band bi-directional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The novelty of this work lies in the modification of conventional rectangular microstip patch antenna by using the combination of two techniques: a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) and a defected patch structure (DPS). The structure of antenna was studied and investigated via computer simulation technology (CST). The dimension and position of CSRR on the ground plane was optimized to achieve dual bandwidth and bi-directional radiation pattern characteristics. In addition, the bandwidths were enhanced by defecting suitable shape incorporated in the microstrip patch. A prototype with overall dimension of 70.45×63.73 mm2 has been fabricated on FR-4 substrate. To verify the proposed design, the impedance bandwidth, gain, and radiation patterns were carried out in measurements. The measured impedance bandwidths were respectively 560 MHz (3.08-3.64 GHz) and 950 GHz (4.64-5.59 GHz) while the measured gains of each bandwidth were respectively 4.28 dBi and 4.63 dBi. The measured radiation patterns were in good agreement with simulated ones. The proposed antenna achieves wide dual bandwidth and bidirectional radiation patterns performances. Consequently, it is a promising candidate for Wi-Fi or 5G communications in specific areas such as tunnel, corridor, or transit and rail.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Phi shape uwb antenna with band notch characteristicsKiran Ajetrao
In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good
agreement.
SIDE LOBE REDUCTION OF CIRCULAR ARRAY USING TAYLOR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IN ...IAEME Publication
The VHF/UHF band radar that using circular array antennas is a novel kind of radar, whose performances, such as angular accuracy, angular resolution, anti-jamming and low-altitude coverage capabilities are better than the conventional VHF/UHF band radar. On one hand, we focus on how the directivity of array element will influence upon the array pattern. The performance characteristics of the single microstrip patch antenna can be further enhanced by using microstrip patch antenna array. On the other hand, in order to lower the side lobe level (SLL) of circular array antennas , we investigate the effectiveness of amplitude-weighted methods including Taylor Window and Gaussian Window.
A ring monopole quad band antenna loaded with metamaterial and slots for wire...journalBEEI
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Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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Development of patch stack antenna for CP-SAR sensor
1. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2021, pp. 200~207
ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i1.2672 200
Journal homepage: http://beei.org
Development of patch stack antenna for CP-SAR sensor
Muhammad Fauzan Edy Purnomo1
, Vita Kusumasari2
, Rusmi Ambarwati3
, Sigit Kusmaryanto4
,
Sholeh Hadi Pramono5
, Dwi Fadila Kurniawan6
, Akio Kitagawa7
1,3,4,5,6
Electrical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
2
Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
7
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Feb 18, 2020
Revised Apr 30, 2020
Accepted May 20, 2020
In this paper, we obtain the basic configuration of the left-hand circular
polarization (LHCP) array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip
antenna. This construction use the basic corporate feed microstrip-line with
modified lossless T-junction power divider on radiating patch for circularly
polarized-synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR) sensor embedded on airspace
with compact, small, and simple configuration. The design of Circular
Polarization (CP) is realized by truncating the whole three tips and adjusting
the parameters of antenna at the resonant frequency, f=5.2 GHz. The results
of characteristic performance and S-parameter for the LHCP array two
patches stack antenna at the resonant frequency show successively about
7.24 dBic of gain, 1.99 dB of axial ratio (Ar), and 11.43 dB of S-parameter.
Moreover, the impedance bandwidth and the 3 dB-Ar bandwidth of this
antenna are around 560 MHz (10.77%) and 50 MHz (0.96%), respectively.
Keywords:
Basic configuration
CP-SAR
LHCP
Patches stack
Triangular truncated
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Muhammad Fauzan Edy Purnomo,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University,
MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
Email: mfauzanep@ub.ac.id
1. INTRODUCTION
One of an active sensor for the remote sensing application in the microwave band is synthetic
aperture radar (SAR). An object or phenomenon can be observed by this application without touching it.
Also, it helps human being related to the area of observation, such as surveillance, disaster mitigation,
mapping, land, air, and ocean. SAR systems can operate at some different bands and polarizations. The most
common band-frequency is C-band which has an approximately 5 cm wavelength. It is used on Radarsat and
Envisat systems. S-band (λ 10 cm) and L-band (λ 20 cm) are also common [1]. Because the wavelength
is longer, it penetrates surfaces better. Then, it is useful for sea ice, soil moisture, and vegetation applications
where the surface penetration is desirable.
Because of the use of circularly polarized-synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR) sensor, the full
characteristic of backscattered SAR signal can pass through the random object. If we compare CP-SAR with
the linear polarization (LP) SAR sensor, then a great amount of information about the image target will be
occurred [2, 3]. Each antenna can generate a wave that yields a circular polarization (CP). The technique to
achieve CP can be easily obtained by proper adjusting the element parameters, determining locus feed, and
constructing feed. In the triangular microstrip antenna simulation, the performances of significant variation
are also influenced by the feeding shape and their position toward the radiating patches [4-6].
This paper presents the development of the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) array two patches
stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna. The study involves the development of the two patches as
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basic construction for CP-SAR sensor. This construction uses the double-stacked substrate with low
dielectric constant, modified radiating patch shape using microstrip-line for multi-resonant frequency, and
a circle-slotted parasitic patch for CP-SAR sensor embedded on aircraft with compact, small, and simple
configuration that fundamentally construct to mold a substantial planar array. This design is modified from
previous research about the antenna without patch stack and the use of the proximity feeding [7]. The new
antenna design has ability to work in higher frequency and to achieve the wider bandwidth of impedance and
axial ratio. The design of power divider network is often limited by the restrictions imposed by radiating
patches dimensions. The feeding network is a multi-port power divider circuit which is an important element
in the design of corporate feed beam-forming network configuration.
The power is distributed to radiating patches through the multi-port power divider. This is also
a microwave device that is useful for phased-array antennas, mixers, and active devices. This modified
antenna design is fed by 1:n (n is a number of patches) power divider network involving T-junctions called
corporate feeding-line. T-junctions are compensated by adjusting the length of the three microstrip-lines
where the length of two or three of them is about λ/4 for matching impedance 50 Ω [7-10]. We can control
the directed beam by rotate one of the adjacent patches on the opposite direction of 180°and also add more
patches. In this paper, we describe the corporate feeding-line of three ports for two patches of LHCP array
antennas that close lossless, reciprocal (3 dB) and matched load. The results obtained from the study reveal
S-parameter, frequency characteristic, input impedance, radiation pattern, and antenna efficiency of this
modified antenna.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
In this investigation, we conduct and discuss numerical simulation result related to the microstrip
antenna. In particular, the analysis focuses on the study of triangular truncated microstrip antenna for LHCP
of array 2 1 patches. In this case, the array antenna uses two patches as a transmitter, Tx, and a receiver,
Rx [4, 5]. Table 1 shows the specification for the C-Band CP-SAR of aircraft antenna [6]. The Method of
Moments (MoM) is chosen in the numerical analysis for fast calculation. This method discretizes the integral
into a matrix equation. This discretization can be considered as dividing the surface of antenna into small
mesh [4]. To realize this method, we use computer simulation technology (CST) version 2016 from corporate
company CST STUDIO SUITE [11]. The numerical simulation of the triangular truncated array antenna
are shown in Section 3, especially at the resonant frequency, f=5.2 GHz where this antenna as basic
configuration embedded on aircraft for the application of CP-SAR sensor both Tx and Rx. Each antenna can
generate wave that yields a CP. The technique to achieve CP can be easily obtained i.e. by proper adjusting
of the parameters, determining locus feed, and constructing feed [3, 12, 13].
Table 1. Technical specification of aircraft system
No Antenna Parameters Specification for aircraft
1. Resonant Frequency (Center) (GHz) C-band: 5.0 - 5.5 GHz
2. Pulse Band Wide (MHz) 10 - 233.31
3. Axial Ratio (dB) 3
4. Antenna Efficiency (%) > 80
5. Gain Antenna (dBic) 10 - 36.6
6. Azimuth Beamwidth (°) ≥ 1.08
7. Elevation Beamwidth (°) ≥ 2.16
8. Antenna Size (m) 2 1
9. Polarization (Tx/Rx) RHCP + LHCP
Figure 1 show the construction of the LHCP array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip
antenna consisting of two radiating patches fed by corporate feed microstrip-line with identical path lengths
from input port to output ports and their parameters. The aim of the corporate feed microstrip-line design
is to obtain a tapered and in-phase output current distribution [10, 14]. The parameter sizes of each radiating
patch (patch 1 and patch 2) are the same, namely the length of triangular side, ar=17.7235 mm and
pr=20.72 mm, the length of perturbation segment, hr=4 mm and tr=1.0034 mm. Furthermore,
the corporate feed microstrip-line has one node of T-junction. This node has a function to distribute the
current with the power of around 30 dBm and to reach 2 1 patches having the same length from input port
to radiating patches about 1.721λ or 99.3035 mm. In the upper layer of the top substrate, a triangular parasitic
patch is placed at the center of the radiating patch in order to improve the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) and
gain, with the length of triangular side, ap=18.1093 mm and pp=19.38 mm, the length of perturbation
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segment, hp=2.76 mm and tp=1.5008 mm. To reduce the undesired electromagnetic field emitted by the
feeding, the upper layer of the top substrate is covered by copper and circle slot. The dimension of circle slot
with rs=15.7 mm has not significantly aff ected the axial ratio (Ar) performance, but in turn, it has changed
the return loss (RL) characteristic of the antenna. The impedance bandwidth (IBW) and ARBW are also not
aff ected by changing the circular slot diameter. Also, the circle slot does not aff ect significantly either the
resonant frequency response or the surface current distribution direction of the parasitic patch [15, 16].
Moreover, the ground plane is a copper sheet placed at the bottom layer of the antenna with the size of
g1=60 mm and g2=65 mm.
To design the LHCP array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna, we choose
a dielectric constant that corresponds to the appropriate thickness and loss tangent. A low value of dielectric
constant increases the fringing field at the patch periphery. Also, a thicker substrate increases radiation
power, reduces conductor loss, and improves impedance bandwidth. A high loss tangent rises dielectric loss
and then reduces antenna efficiency [17-19]. In this paper, Nippon Pillar Packing (NPC) H220A is chosen as
the antenna substrate. It has a conventional substrate with dielectric constant (εr), and loss tangent (δ) are 2.17
and 0.0005, respectively. Moreover, the total substrate thickness of LHCP antenna is 3.2 mm.
To investigate the low power of the LHCP array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip
antenna, the antenna is constructed the mold of substantial planar array using microstrip-line that is
fed directly to radiating patches and impacts on parasitic patches to yield the CP with wider bandwidth
than other antennas operated in LP [20-22] and CP [23, 24]. It is because the right pattern of basic
construction determines the superiority of array antenna design using patches stack and corporate feed
microstrip-line [13, 25]. Although the corporate feeding-line design has been developed [2, 3, 7],
the design was for the antenna bandwidth (IBW and ARBW) smaller than this novel antenna. Here, the
design of LHCP two patches array antenna fed by corporate feed microstrip-line having low power and the
antenna view on the 37° angle side for CP-SAR application are discussed.
Patch 1
Patch 2
ar = 17.7235 mm
ap = 18.1093 mm
pr = 20.72 mm
pp = 19.38 mm
hr = 4 mm
hp = 2.76 mm
tr = 1.0034 mm
tp = 1.5008 mm
w1 = 0.59 mm
w2 = 0.91 mm
△w1 = 0.16 mm
α = 300
ls = 11.6899 mm
r = 0.2801 mm
lst = 5.6302 mm
lf = 4.41 mm
rs = 15.7 mm
h1=1.6 mm
h2 = 1.6 mm
q1 = 21.1268 mm
q2 = 15.6422 mm
q3 = 10.2349 mm
b = 4.2689 mm
c = 10.308 mm
d = 12.9435 mm
u = 5.25 mm
v = 13.3877 mm
g1 = 60 mm
g2 = 65 mm
εr =2.17
δ = 0.0005
ls
t
r
1
.
8
w
2
1.8
w2
d
lst
w2
hp
w1
lf
O
Δw1
α
q1
y
x
r
a
r
pr
b
g1
w2
a
p
pp
r
r
s
q2
q3
c
r
u
r
hr
t
p
(top view)
Az
r
Slot or
substrate
substrate
El
x
O
h1
Ground (copper)
h2
g2
z (side view)
Corporate feeding-line and
radiating patch (copper)
Parasitic patch
(copper)
copper
v
Figure 1. The construction of array two patches stack antenna
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Figure 2 shows that the values of gain and axial ratio (Ar) for simulation of the LHCP array two
patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna in the direction of θ=37° at the resonant frequency,
f=5.2 GHz, are about 7.24 dBic and 1.99 dB, respectively. In addition, the 3 dB-Ar bandwidth is roughly
equal 50 MHz (0.96%). Figure 3 shows the relationship between the reflection coefficient (S11) and
the frequency for the simulation Tx/Rx array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna.
Moreover, the value of S11 at the resonant frequency is 11.43 dB. While the S11 bandwidth is around
560 MHz (10.77%). Figure 4 depicts the input impedance characteristic of the LHCP array two patches stack
triangular truncated microstrip antenna for the real part and the reactance part of simulation at the resonant
frequency that are successively 50.67 Ω and 1.67 Ω. These results are relative close to 50 Ω and 0 Ω, so
the reactance looks capasitive. In the feed network, the length from input port to output ports must be fixed
at l λ/4 (l=1, 3, 5, etc.) to achieve the optimal current intensity [2, 14]. In this work, we use l=7 or
the distance between input port to output ports is 99.3035 mm.
Figure 2. Frequency characteristic of array two patches stack antenna
Figure 3. S-parameter of array two patches stack antenna
Figure 4. Input impedance of array two patches stack antenna
Figure 5 and Figure 6 depict the relationship between gain and elevation or θ-angle produced
from the LHCP array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna as azimuth (Az) direction
(positive-θ for Az=0° or 90° and negative-θ for Az=180° or 270°) of CP-SAR at f=5.2 GHz.
At the elevation 37°, the average values of maximum gain and Ar of this antenna are about 7.24 dBic and
1.99 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the values of 3 dB-Ar beamwidth are 35° from 50° to 15° (Az=180° or
negative-θ) and around 68° from 27° to 95° (Az=0° or positive-θ). Moreover, 3 dB-Ar beamwidth for
Az=270° or negative-θ is 40° from 55° to 15°, while for Az=90° or positive-θ, the value is around 69° from
26° to 95°. All of these values satisfy the targeted elevation beamwidth of ≥ 2.16° at Table 1 for better
resolution of CP-SAR.
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Figure 5. Radiation pattern of array two patches stack antenna on x-z plane, f=5.2 GHz, =0°
Figure 6. Radiation pattern of array two patches stack antenna on y-z plane, f=5.2 GHz, =90°
Figure 7 and Figure 8 describe the azimuth plane in the area of θ=37° for LHCP at frequency 5.2
GHz. The values of maximum gain and minimum Ar on this plane are 7.253 dBic on ϕ=5° and 1.002 dB on
ϕ=215°. The major values of 3 dB-Ar beamwidth on x-y plane, =0° are about 125° from ϕ=305° to
ϕ=70° and around 80° from ϕ=153° to ϕ=233°. While for the x-y plane, =90° are roughly 125° from
ϕ=35° to ϕ=160° and approximately 83° from ϕ=240° to ϕ=323°. These results exhibit that the targeted
azimuth beamwidth ≥ 1.08° can occur for the resolution of CP-SAR aircraft. Figure 9 shows the antenna
efficiency about 90.13% for the LHCP array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna on
a target frequency of 5.2 GHz. This result obtain the resolution of CP-SAR of the targeted antenna efficiency
of 80%.
Figure 7. Radiation pattern on x-y plane of array two patches stack antenna, f=5.2 GHz, θ=37°, =0°
Figure 8. Radiation pattern of array two patches stack antenna on x-y plane, f=5.2 GHz, θ=37°, =90°
6. Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
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Figure 9. Antenna efficiency of array two patches stack antenna
4. CONCLUSION
In an effort to meet the basic configuration for CP-SAR that is affixed to the aircraft body with
compact, small and simple, the LHCP array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna has
been studied. Performance results, such as characteristic frequencies, S-parameters, input impedances,
radiation patterns, and efficiency are as follows: (i) The gain and axial ratio (Ar) values for this antenna
simulation in the direction θ=37 ° at resonant frequency of 5.2 GHz, were respectively around 7.24 dBic
and 1.99 dB.(ii) 3 dB-Ar bandwidth of 50 MHz (0.96%) was relatively wider than working on the L-band
frequency. (iii) The value of S11 at the resonant frequency was 11.43 dB and its bandwidth value was around
560 MHz (10.77%). (iv) Input impedance of the real part of this antenna from simulation at resonance
frequency, f=5.2 GHz was 50.67 Ω relatively close to 50 Ω. While the reactance portion of this antenna was
1.67 Ω, it looked capacitive and approached 0 Ω. (v) The maximum gain and the minimum Ar values of this
antenna in the gain/axial ratio function to the elevation angle or θ-angle were around 7,243 dBic and
1,985 dB at θ=37 ° and around 6.3 dBic and 0,979 dB at θ=37 °. (vi) The maximum gain and minimum Ar
values in the relation function of gain/axial ratio to azimuth angle or ϕ-angle were about 7.253 dBic at
ϕ=5° and 1.002 dB at ϕ=215°. (vii) The antenna efficiency value of this antenna was around 90.13% at
a target frequency of 5.2 GHz which has exceeded the target set by more than 80%.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Microelectronic Research Laboratory
(MeRL), Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology,
Kanazawa University, Japan for the support of facilities to collect the data in this research. Also, special
thanks to Power System Engineering and Energy Management Research Group (PSeeMRG), Department of
Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University for the support in my research and
publication.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Muhammad Fauzan Edy Purnomo was born in Banjarmasin, Indonesia, in June 1971.
He received the bachelor engineering (B.E.) and master engineering (M.E.) degrees in electrical
engineering from University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia in 1997 and 2000, respectively.
He has graduated the doctoral degree in electrical engineering and computer science from
Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan on September 2018. Now, he is a visiting scholar at
Microelectronic Research Laboratory (MeRL), Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan until
March 2019. From 2000 until present, he is working as lecturer at the Electrical Department
Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia. His main interests are in the areas of microwave
antennas, radio frequency (RF) circuit, wave signal processing, array microstrip antennas,
mobile cellular and satellite communications, remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar (SAR),
and circularly-polarized synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR).
Vita Kusumasari was born in 1983 in Malang, Indonesia. She obtained the bachelor degree in
Mathematics in 2005 and the master degree in Mathematics Education in 2010 from Universitas
Negeri Malang, Indonesia. She received the Ph.D degree in mathematical and physical sciences
in 2017 from Kanazawa University, Japan. Currently, she is a lecturer in Mathematics
Department, Universitas Negeri Malang. Her interests are numerical analysis and differential
equations.
Rusmi Ambarwati was born in 1972 in Nganjuk, Indonesia. She received the bachelor
engineering (B.E) and master engineering degrees in electrical engineering from Sepuluh
Nopember Institute of Technologi, Indonesia in 1997 and 2001. Currently, she is a lecturer in
Electrical Engineering Department, Brawijaya University. Her research interests include wireless
communication and networks, and signal processing.
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Sigit Kusmaryanto was born in 1970 in Madiun, Indonesia. He received the bachelor
engineering (B.E) in electrical enginering from Brawijaya University and master engineering
degrees in electrical engineering from Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia in 1993 and 2011.
Currently, she is a lecturer in Electrical Engineering Department, Brawijaya University.
Her research interests include wireless communication and networks, and signal processing.
Sholeh Hadi Pramono was borned in 1958. He obtained his bachelor degree in 1985 majoring
in electrical power system from Universitas Brawijaya. In 1990 and 2009 He obtained his Master
and doctoral degree repectively from Universitas Indonesia majoring in optoelectrotechniques
and laser application. His major research is in optical communication, photovoltaic,
optoelectronics and artificial intelligence. He has been a lecturer in Universitas Brawijaya since
1986.
Dwi Fadila Kurniawan was born in 1972 in Jakarta, Indonesia. He received the bachelor
engineering (B.E) from Brawijaya University, Indonesia in 1997 and master engineering degrees
in electrical engineering from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technologi, Indonesia in 2001.
Currently, he is a lecturer in electrical engineering department, Brawijaya University.
His research interests include wireless communication, artificial intelligent, networks and
antenna.
Akio Kitagawa was born in Hikone, Japan in 1961. He received the B.E., the M.E., and
the Ph.D degree from Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan in 1985, 1987 and 1991,
respectively. Since 1989, He worked for the Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Kanazawa University, Japan. From 2001 to 2003, He was with the Department of
Information and Systems Engineering, Kanazawa University, Japan. From 2004 to 2007, He had
been with Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Natural
Science and Technology, Kanazawa University. Since 2008, He is working with College of
Science and Engineering, School of Electrical, Information and Communication Engineering in
Kanazawa University. His research interests include a phase change nonvolatile RAM, VLSI
design automation, integrated sensor systems, RF circuit design and VLSI applications to mobile
systems.