Solar energy is the most used renewable energy in which solar rays from the sun falls on the photovoltaic cell to generate the electricity. The main aim is to design the support structure, transmission mechanism and tilting of the panel automatically on the daily basis depending on the wind pressure analysis and manual adjustment in the seasonal tilt and design considerations of the solar firm.
The webinar reviews the different noise and vibration sources in electric machines and then focus on the electromagnetic source. The magnetic noise and vibration generation process (interaction between Maxwell forces and structural modes) is briefly explained, and noise mitigation techniques are reviewed. Finally, available modeling strategies and simulation software are reviewed.
Recent technological developments have led to the introduction of very efficient motors, often referred to as Super- and Ultra- Premium Efficiency Motors, with efficiencies well above the IE3 level (mandatory in the USA and in the EU). Cost-effective induction motors (IM) with efficiencies above the IE4 threshold are now widely available on the market and other advanced technologies (Permanent Magnet Motors and Synchronous Reluctance) have enabled manufacturers to produce motors that exceed the IE4 and even meet IE5 thresholds.
This webinar gives an overview of these advanced technologies, their principles of operation, potential efficiency gains, benefits and drawbacks.
With over 60 years experience operating across the aerospace and defence industries, NEMA Ltd is at the forefront of the design and manufacture of high speed motors/generators. With its aerospace standard AS 9100 accreditation, NEMA designs, develops, manufactures, repairs and overhauls Electric Motors, Electro-Mechanical Assemblies and components including springs and pressings.
In this webinar, recorded in June 2021, the NEMA team share more about how they:
- develop technology for blue chip aerospace companies, holding customer specific quality approvals including: Airbus UK, Heroux Devtek, BAE Systems, GE Aviation Systems, AIM Aviation, UTC Aerospace, Martin Baker, Hawker Beechcraft, & Leonardo
- have established partnerships with leading academic institutions, including the University of Nottingham & Newcastle University, on UK and European funded initiatives aimed at reducing aircraft emissions
- see potential opportunities for collaboration within the PEMD community in the future
The webinar reviews the different noise and vibration sources in electric machines and then focus on the electromagnetic source. The magnetic noise and vibration generation process (interaction between Maxwell forces and structural modes) is briefly explained, and noise mitigation techniques are reviewed. Finally, available modeling strategies and simulation software are reviewed.
Recent technological developments have led to the introduction of very efficient motors, often referred to as Super- and Ultra- Premium Efficiency Motors, with efficiencies well above the IE3 level (mandatory in the USA and in the EU). Cost-effective induction motors (IM) with efficiencies above the IE4 threshold are now widely available on the market and other advanced technologies (Permanent Magnet Motors and Synchronous Reluctance) have enabled manufacturers to produce motors that exceed the IE4 and even meet IE5 thresholds.
This webinar gives an overview of these advanced technologies, their principles of operation, potential efficiency gains, benefits and drawbacks.
With over 60 years experience operating across the aerospace and defence industries, NEMA Ltd is at the forefront of the design and manufacture of high speed motors/generators. With its aerospace standard AS 9100 accreditation, NEMA designs, develops, manufactures, repairs and overhauls Electric Motors, Electro-Mechanical Assemblies and components including springs and pressings.
In this webinar, recorded in June 2021, the NEMA team share more about how they:
- develop technology for blue chip aerospace companies, holding customer specific quality approvals including: Airbus UK, Heroux Devtek, BAE Systems, GE Aviation Systems, AIM Aviation, UTC Aerospace, Martin Baker, Hawker Beechcraft, & Leonardo
- have established partnerships with leading academic institutions, including the University of Nottingham & Newcastle University, on UK and European funded initiatives aimed at reducing aircraft emissions
- see potential opportunities for collaboration within the PEMD community in the future
Optimizing machines is often a difficult process. Especially during design, since the machine cannot be tested yet. A realistic virtual twin is created by using Siemens NX (mechanical modelling) and MATLAB/Simulink (motion controller modelling). Through co-simulation, this virtual twin is optimized. Afterwards, the results are implemented on the real machine.
The webinar reviews the different sources of losses in electric motors, focusing on the link between efficiency and cooling. The different cooling strategies are reviewed depending on motor topology. Finally, available modelling strategies and simulation software are reviewed.
Semi-Active Vibration Control of a Quarter Car Model Using MR Damperishan kossambe
This presentation analytically evaluates the dynamic response of a quarter car using semi active control system. Semi active control system are becoming popular because they provide with good reliability like passive system and consume less power to give better performance than the active system. Magnetorheological (MR) fluid can produce good controllable damping force under the application of magnetic field and hence can be used as effective element in semiactive vibration control.
Out of the various semi active control strategies, the Bouc-Wen model control strategy is used in this work. Response of the quarter car is measured using MR damper and compared with normal passive damper.
Traction Application Insight by Jaguar Land RoverAutomotive IQ
For today’s efforts to drive eMotor Innovation, the reduction of cost and weight of permanent magnets is essential! But what are the options? Is moving away from the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor the right thing to do? Dr. Alex Michaelides, Technical Specialist - Electrical Machines and Power Electronics at Jaguar Land Rover discusses these questions in the presentation here: http://bit.ly/Presentation-Michaelides
Cumulative hrf of NMWD model for Renin in patients with DepressionIJERA Editor
Hypercortisolism as a sign of hypothamamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis over activity and sleep EEG
changes are frequently observed in depression. Closely related to theHPA axis is the renin-angiotensinaldosterone
system (RAAS) as 1. adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) is a common stimulus for cortisol and
aldosterone, 2. cortisol release is suppressed bymineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonists 3. angiotensin II
(ATII) releases CRH and vasopressin from the hypothalamus. Here difference of sleep related activity of the
RAAS between depressed patients and healthy controls and also we found the analysis of survival function and
cumulative hazared rate function for renin.
This project aim is to produce electricity using the concept of rotating wind turbine. Wind caused by moving train is used to generate electricity. The idea is to design wind turbine that can be installed between the slippers on the track. As a train passes by, wind pressure drives the turbine to generate the electricity, this device could be placed along railway line and make good use of waste resources. An electrical power generation system comprises of variable capacitors and power sources. Power sources is used in the form of generator to prime variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the priming energy of power source by extracting energy from passing vehicle
The prototype is an idea which uses the property of an electromagnet by virtue of which it changes the polarity of its poles whenever the direction of current is changed. This variation in polarity is utilized to attract or repel the permanent magnet attached to the piston. The usage of relay and timer will limit the output of the engine. By using an ECU in the engine instead, power can be obtained on each stroke which will result in an increased output.
Optimizing machines is often a difficult process. Especially during design, since the machine cannot be tested yet. A realistic virtual twin is created by using Siemens NX (mechanical modelling) and MATLAB/Simulink (motion controller modelling). Through co-simulation, this virtual twin is optimized. Afterwards, the results are implemented on the real machine.
The webinar reviews the different sources of losses in electric motors, focusing on the link between efficiency and cooling. The different cooling strategies are reviewed depending on motor topology. Finally, available modelling strategies and simulation software are reviewed.
Semi-Active Vibration Control of a Quarter Car Model Using MR Damperishan kossambe
This presentation analytically evaluates the dynamic response of a quarter car using semi active control system. Semi active control system are becoming popular because they provide with good reliability like passive system and consume less power to give better performance than the active system. Magnetorheological (MR) fluid can produce good controllable damping force under the application of magnetic field and hence can be used as effective element in semiactive vibration control.
Out of the various semi active control strategies, the Bouc-Wen model control strategy is used in this work. Response of the quarter car is measured using MR damper and compared with normal passive damper.
Traction Application Insight by Jaguar Land RoverAutomotive IQ
For today’s efforts to drive eMotor Innovation, the reduction of cost and weight of permanent magnets is essential! But what are the options? Is moving away from the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor the right thing to do? Dr. Alex Michaelides, Technical Specialist - Electrical Machines and Power Electronics at Jaguar Land Rover discusses these questions in the presentation here: http://bit.ly/Presentation-Michaelides
Cumulative hrf of NMWD model for Renin in patients with DepressionIJERA Editor
Hypercortisolism as a sign of hypothamamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis over activity and sleep EEG
changes are frequently observed in depression. Closely related to theHPA axis is the renin-angiotensinaldosterone
system (RAAS) as 1. adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) is a common stimulus for cortisol and
aldosterone, 2. cortisol release is suppressed bymineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonists 3. angiotensin II
(ATII) releases CRH and vasopressin from the hypothalamus. Here difference of sleep related activity of the
RAAS between depressed patients and healthy controls and also we found the analysis of survival function and
cumulative hazared rate function for renin.
This project aim is to produce electricity using the concept of rotating wind turbine. Wind caused by moving train is used to generate electricity. The idea is to design wind turbine that can be installed between the slippers on the track. As a train passes by, wind pressure drives the turbine to generate the electricity, this device could be placed along railway line and make good use of waste resources. An electrical power generation system comprises of variable capacitors and power sources. Power sources is used in the form of generator to prime variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the priming energy of power source by extracting energy from passing vehicle
The prototype is an idea which uses the property of an electromagnet by virtue of which it changes the polarity of its poles whenever the direction of current is changed. This variation in polarity is utilized to attract or repel the permanent magnet attached to the piston. The usage of relay and timer will limit the output of the engine. By using an ECU in the engine instead, power can be obtained on each stroke which will result in an increased output.
Cable Stay Bridge construction at Bardhman using LARSA and LUSAS four dimensi...Rajesh Prasad
For the construction of Cable Stayed Bridge at Bardhman, a simulation model was made using LARSA 4D and accordingly design were concluded considering all the possible situation. At the execution stage the profile/geometry control is very important. Accordingly construction stage analysis along with geometry control is being done using LUSAS software. These software are 4D and the fourth dimension is Time. The said presentation covers the LARSA, LUSAS and few pictures on execution at site along with sample of documentation.
Code of Practice for Power Installations, materials required for power circuit wiring and
their specifications, Prepare the layout diagram of machines showing clearances as per IS
standards, draw wiring plan of the Power circuit for workshops, Decide the type of wiring system, load calculations, determine the size of conductors, main switch, Isolators, sub
switches and protective devices, Draw the SLD of Power Distribution Scheme showing
grading/discrimination of ratings of protective devices, Prepare the schedule of materials with
specifications for workshops and their estimates, Determine the rating of motor for IP set and
the concept (only)of pump house wiring.
Crossflow turbine design specifications for hhaynu micro-hydropower plant, Mb...dngoma
Micro-hydropower plants are very applicable in rural and off-grid areas where water resources become available. This is because they can be installed with fraction of the cost as compared to large hydropower plants or even grid extension. Also in rural and off-grid areas, the population density is small and very sparsely distributed which makes it un-economical for the development of large electricity supply projects. In this case
the mini and micro energy projects are the suitable technology to be used to supply power to the consumer load demand in the rural and off-grid areas. One of the sustainable ways to do is to use the available water resources like small rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants. The effective use of water from local rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants have proven to be sustainable way of electricity generation. But despite all these positive outcomes, studies have shown that many of the available rural areas micro-hydropower potential sites are facing reduced water volumetric flow due to irrigation activities and also lack high site heads due to the nature of the landscape. In this case, the development of a micro-hydropower for electricity generation is limited to specific type of hydro turbine technology called crossflow turbine. This is because this type turbine technology can accommodate wider range of flow discharge and head values in the micro and mini scale of hydropower technology range. The crossflow turbines can also be manufactured locally and adapted to the local rural environments and also have been proven to be very robust with less operational and maintenance costs. Thus why there is a need to customize this technology in the local rural area in terms of turbine design in order to standardize the local manufacturing and this is the main motivation that this design study have been addressing.
Crossflow turbine design specifications for hhaynu micro hydropower plant, mb...dngoma
Micro-hydropower plants are very applicable in rural and off-grid areas where water resources become
available. This is because they can be installed with fraction of the cost as compared to large hydropower
plants or even grid extension. Also in rural and off-grid areas, the population density is small and very sparsely
distributed which makes it un-economical for the development of large electricity supply projects. In this case
the mini and micro energy projects are the suitable technology to be used to supply power to the consumer
load demand in the rural and off-grid areas. One of the sustainable ways to do is to use the available water
resources like small rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants. The effective use of water from local rivers to
develop micro-hydropower plants have proven to be sustainable way of electricity generation. But despite all
these positive outcomes, studies have shown that many of the available rural areas micro-hydropower potential
sites are facing reduced water volumetric flow due to irrigation activities and also lack high site heads due to
the nature of the landscape. In this case, the development of a micro-hydropower for electricity generation is
limited to specific type of hydro turbine technology called crossflow turbine. This is because this type turbine
technology can accommodate wider range of flow discharge and head values in the micro and mini scale of
hydropower technology range. The crossflow turbines can also be manufactured locally and adapted to the local
rural environments and also have been proven to be very robust with less operational and maintenance costs.
Thus why there is a need to customize this technology in the local rural area in terms of turbine design in order to
standardize the local manufacturing and this is the main motivation that this design study have been addressing.
Crossflow turbine design specifications for hhaynu micro-hydropower plant, Mb...Daniel Ngoma
Micro-hydropower plants are very applicable in rural and off-grid areas where water resources become available. This is because they can be installed with fraction of the cost as compared to large hydropower plants or even grid extension. Also in rural and off-grid areas, the population density is small and very sparsely distributed which makes it un-economical for the development of large electricity supply projects. In this case the mini and micro energy projects are the suitable technology to be used to supply power to the consumer load demand in the rural and off-grid areas. One of the sustainable ways to do is to use the available water resources like small rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants. The effective use of water from local rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants have proven to be sustainable way of electricity generation. But despite all these positive outcomes, studies have shown that many of the available rural areas micro-hydropower potential sites are facing reduced water volumetric flow due to irrigation activities and also lack high site heads due to the nature of the landscape. In this case, the development of a micro-hydropower for electricity generation is limited to specific type of hydro turbine technology called crossflow turbine. This is because this type turbine technology can accommodate wider range of flow discharge and head values in the micro and mini scale of hydropower technology range. The crossflow turbines can also be manufactured locally and adapted to the local rural environments and also have been proven to be very robust with less operational and maintenance costs. Thus why there is a need to customize this technology in the local rural area in terms of turbine design in order to standardize the local manufacturing and this is the main motivation that this design study have been addressing.
Final Year Major Project on Solar Powered Three Wheeler for Disabled Person.
The design on Solidworks and Analysis on ANSYS Multiphysics. It uses the renewable energy which is eco-friendly and very less pollution.
Design and fabrication of solar three wheeler.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Design and analysis of solar support structure and daily tilting mechanism
1. CVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(UGC Autonomous Institution) Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad
Vastunagar, Mangalpalli (V), Ibrahimpatnam (M),
Ranga Reddy (Dist.), Hyderabad
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR SUPPORT STRUCTURE
AND DAILY TILTING MECHANISM
– 501510
BY :
• S.SAIKRISHNA(13B81A0375)
• ACHARLA SRINIDHI(13B81A0395)
• K.SHONALIKA GOUD(13B81A0392)
PROJECT GUIDES:-
INTERNAL GUIDE:
Mr. P.V.RAMANA
EXTERNAL GUIDE:
Dr. KIDAMBI RADHASWAMY
1
2. CONTENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR
DESIGN CONIDERATIONS
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BEAM
SUPPORTS AND SPROCKET
MOTORS AND SENSORS
EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE
SCOPE
PROTOTYPE
CONCLUSION
2
3. ABSTRACT
• Solar energy is the most used renewable
energy in which solar rays from the sun falls
on the photovoltaic cell to generate the
electricity. The main aim is to design the
support structure, transmission mechanism
and tilting of the panel automatically on the
daily basis depending on the wind pressure
analysis and manual adjustment in the
seasonal tilt and design considerations of the
solar firm.
3
4. INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR ENERGY
• Solar Energy is the fast growing renewable
type energy source available on the earth.
• Commercial concentrated solar power plants
were first developed in the 1980s. The
392 MW Ivanpah installation is the largest
concentrating solar power plant in the world,
located in the Mojave Desert of California.
4
5. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF A
SOLAR FIRM
• Type of solar panel
• Space availability
• Power generation
• Usage of technology
• Clearances
• Effectiveness
• Material selection
5
6. OUTPUT POWER ESTIMATION OF A
SOLAR INSTALLATION
Typical 3 bedroom flat number wattage
• lights 12 15 180
• fans 5 70 350
• tv’s 1 60 60
• a/c’s 3 1000 3000
• geyser 1 1000 1000
• mixie 1 400 400
total wattage 4990
load factor 0.5
required wattage 2495
number of flats in building 40
wattage for building 99800 planned wattage 100000
6
7. ESTIMATION OF NUMBER OF PANELS
• no. of panels/tube 16
• total no. of panels required 400
• no of tubes required 25
• next even no. 26
• number of rows 2
• number of tubes per row 13
• total wattage planned 100000 W
• wattage per panel 250W
• no. panels required 400
7
8. SELECTION OF A SOLAR PANEL
•Mono crystalline type solar panel
•Wind load-0.506KW
•Clearance-0.05m
•No of panels on each beam 16 8
11. SELECTION OF THE TUBE
1. First consideration is estimation of the length
• 8 panels each side gives a total of 16 panels on a
tube.
• So = 8*810 mm = 6480 mm = 7m
2. Next consideration is the loads that are acting on
the tube as follows:
• Wind load
• Weight of the panels
• Self weight of the tube
• Weight of the supports
11
12. Wind load and other loads
• Wind analysis here has been done based on the data presented in the
Hyderabad’s environmental portal.
• Designing time warranty is 25 years.
• Maximum wind speed as per the past 25 years = 90 KM/hr = 90,000 m/3600
seconds
• Equivalent pressure of air is 25m/s
• Wind pressure is = 400 N/m^2
• Calculating the force acting on one single panel:
• Area of the panel is = 1.26 m^2
• Force on one panel = 400*1.26= 505 N
• 2)Weight of the panel is 19.5 kg =191 N
• 3)Weight of the tube is = 1078N
• Total load acting on the tube
=(16*505)N+191N+9500N=8080N+191+1078=9500N =>10000N (approx)
12
13. Theoretical calculations for the tube
selection
• Total load acting on the tube
=(16*505)N+191N+9500N=8080N+191+1078=9500N =>10000N (approx)
• Therefore W = 10000N/7 = 1428 0r 1500N or 1.50 KN
• Max BM ( M )= (Wl^2)/8 = 1.50 * 49/8 = 9.18 k N-m
• Torque T = 4KN * 1.58/2 KN-m = 3.16
Equivalent BM:
= 7.24 kN-M
• Assumed bending stress on the beam as f = 1000 kg/m^2
• = 10 KN/cm^2
• M/I = f/y => M/f = I/y= Z(where Z is the section modulus)
13
14. Theoretical calculations for the tube
selection
• Therefore,
• M/f = 100*72.4 / 10 = 72.4 cm ^3
• Next step is to find out the section modulus for various cross-sections as shown below:
• Firstly a tube of a certain cross-section is randomly selected from the tata catalogue (as shown in
the fig:) and calculated its required section modulus. Then based on the previously assumed value
the material quantity is said to be increased or decreased as shown below.
• 200 * 200 * 4 = I/y= 3238.12 / 8.74 = 370 cm ^ 3(this can be further reduced as shown below)
• 200 * 200 * 4 = I/y= 3238.12 / 8.74 = 370 cm ^3( can be reduced further)
• 150 * 150 * 4= I/y= 801/6 = 133.4 cm ^ 3(can be reduced further)
• 130 * 130 * 4 = I/y = Z= 634/5.16=126 cm^3 ( This material is sufficient so this tube is OK)
• From the catalogue below 130*130*4 are the required dimensions of the beam that has been
selected
14
16. BEAM SPECIFICATIONS
• Beam type is Solid square tube/beam
• Material – Stainless steel (cold rolled)
• Length of the beam = 7m
• Width of the beam= 80mm
• Thickness=1.6 mm
• Inner width=76.8 mm
• Inner depth=26.8mm
• Dimensions-132*132 mm
• Thickness-4.80 mm
• Section area-23.83 cm2
• Unit weight-18.71 kg/m
• Moment of inertia-
* Ixx-634.39 cm4
* Iyy-634.39 cm4
• Radius of gyration-
* rxx-5.16 cm
* ryy-5.16 cm
• Elastic modulus-
* Zxx-96.12 cm3
* Zyy-96.12 cm3 16
20. FIXATION OF SUPPORTS AND
SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT
• Support are placed on either side of the beam
which are fixed to the ground and the rod
which is in between the beam and supports
helps to rotate the beam.
• These supports are generally used to placed
the at an inclination.
• Calculated heights of the supports:
1. 1st side =2.9m
2. 2nd side =1.85m
20
23. DAILY TILTING MECHANISM
• It is assumed that in a day of 12 hours from morning 6 am to evening 6 pm
the tubes are said to be tilted.
• Panels should rotate 240 degrees in 1 day.
• No. of movements per day (12*4)=48 hours.
• So for every 15 minutes it should be rotated by 5 degrees.
• Input torque at the gear box =0.21 kg m
• Reduction ratio at the gear box is 1:70
• Torque at the output axis of the gear box =14.789 kg m
• Sprocket ratio at the bottom axis to the gear box shaft=1:2
• Torque required for bottom axis sprocket=1.138 kg m
• Sprocket ratio from top to bottom=1:3
• Torque at the bottom of the 26 tubes=29.577 kg m
• Diameter of journal assumed=50mm
• Torque at the journal=3412.776 kg mm=3.412776 kg m
23
24. MOTOR AND ITS SPECIFICATIONS
• Stepped motor is an synchronous electric
motor that convert electrical pulses into
mechanical rotation.
• Specifications:
1. input motor speed rpm
2. motor h.p required = 0.018 h.p
3. wattage of motor = 13.20 w
4. selected motor 40w/60 rpm
5. synchronous motor
24
25. FUTURE FIRMS
• India plans to achieve 175 GW of renewable energy capacity
by 2022 as part of its climate commitments, wherein it has
promised to achieve 40% of its electricity generation capacity
from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030. This
includes 60 GW from wind power, 100 GW from solar power,
10 GW from biomass and 5 GW from small hydro projects.
• The main efficiency of the firm depends on the design ,
materials, sensors..etc
25
26. WAYS TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF
SOLAR FIRM
Make an Informed Decision
Use a Solar Concentrator
Correctly Install Your Photovoltaic Panels
Avoid Shaded Areas
Keep Your Solar Panels Clean
Prevent an Increase in Temperature
26
27. SENSORS
• Sensors are the devices which detects or
measures a physical property and records,
indicates, or otherwise responds to it.
• Requirements of sensors:
1. Solar power plants manufacturers place high demands on the
sensor manufacturers. Despite extreme weather conditions,
sensors must ensure reliability and long service life.
2. Accurate sensors allow an exact positioning of the mirrors,
ensuring a maximum efficiency of the plant.
• These sensors give pulses to the motor which generate the
require output.
27
29. EVALUATION AND CERTIFICATION
HYQUIP SYSTEMS Ltd.
• Hyquip has been providing solutions for the
material handling requirements across the
vertices like steel, coal , solar power ,sugar
,food , paper, chemical industries.
• The company has diversified into municipal
solid waste processing machinery and solar
power plants.
www.hyquip.com
29
30. CONCLUSION
• Therefore, the efficiency of this design can be further
increased by using the sun trackers of higher accuracy and
by mounting them onto the pyranometer. And by using the
light detecting sensors, storm detecting sensors, humidity
and rain sensors we can increase the efficiency singularly.
• Further efficiency can be increased by designing the
supports thus giving it an automatic seasonal tilt too.
• There might be some losses during the chain transmission
or due to the breakage of some tooth on the sprockets
which may reduce the overall efficiency of the firm.
• As the efficiency of the gears are better than the sprockets
and the chains and also the accuracy of the design is more,
we can modify the design by installing worm gears with self
locking mechanism to transmit the energy.
30