The document details a major project focused on developing a solar-powered three-wheeler designed for individuals with disabilities, emphasizing sustainability and accessibility. Constructed using lightweight materials and powered by a 900W motor and solar panels, the vehicle aims to provide an economical and environmentally friendly mode of transportation for the disabled. The project includes a comprehensive analysis of design, methodology, technical specifications, and safety assessments to ensure durability and efficiency.

1. Final Year, Major Project
Solar Powered Three Wheeler For Disabled
People.
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Ansal University, Gurgaon

2. Final Year, Major Project
Solar Powered Three Wheeler For Disabled People.
Supervisor: Team Members:
Mr. Ankit Tiwari Gokarna Basnet
Assistant Professor, Akashay Yadav
SET, Department of Mechanical engineering. Amrit Adhikari
Ansal university. Suchit Yadav
Sujan Bdr. Bista

3. OVERVIEW
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Scope
• Methodology
• Result and Discussion
• Conclusion
• Reference
Presenting the Major Project Report

4. ABSTRACT
Nowadays, transportation is an inseparable part of human daily life. People can travel one
place to another easily utilizing different means of transportations when it comes to the
disabled person, it is quite challenging to travel from one place to another due to their
different disabilities. Hence, in this project, we have focused on developing the three
wheeler for the disabled person having disabilities related to their arm or legs. As three
wheeler being cheap means of transportation as well as it is easier to control. An effort has
been directed to design a lightweight, high strength, and ergonomic solar powered three
wheeler. Sustainable Mobility issues are gaining increasing attention both among specialists
and in public opinion, due to the major impact of automotive systems on carbon dioxide
production, climate changes, and fossil fuel depletion. So, the solar energy is the best
solution for the source of energy for this project. The proposed model is powered with 900
W, 48 V DC Brushless motor. The 48V, 168AH battery act as energy storage which is
charged by the solar panels. The structural model of the three-wheeler was designed in
Solidworks CAD software. Structural and weight analysis were performed to select the
right material for the frame so as to build a vehicle which would be very lightweight but
strong enough to sustain high loads exerted by the driver during a ride. The analysis was
performed on the ANSYS Multiphysics software.
Presenting the Major Project Report

5. INTRODUCTION
• Electric Vehicle Powered by Solar
Energy.
• Renewable energy powered vehicle in
order to reduce the global warming and
non renewable energy source depletion.
• Especially built aiming to individuals
who have impairments that limit their
ability to walk.
• It typically consists of a seat supported
on three large wheels attached in
spaceframe structure.
• Uses the solar energy stored in the battery
as fuel source.
• Has braking system in both hands unlike
in battery rickshaw.
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6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter Value
Vehicle length 1400 mm
Vehicle width 800 mm
Ground clearance 254 mm
Vehicle height 1428.90 mm
Chassis material Carbon Steel
(AISI 1018)
Tube dimension 2”×1” & 1”×1” rectangular
pipe with 3 mm thickness
Roll cage mass 70 kg
Total mass 200 kg approx.
Parameter Value
Battery 12v/ 42 Ah ( 4
units)
Solar Panel 200 W ( 4 units, 50
W each)
Brushless DC
Motor
48V / 900W
Controller 48V/ 50A
Presenting the Major Project Report

7. OBJECTIVES
• To develop a vehicle that uses renewable energy, environmentally friendly and cheap.
• To develop low-speed tricycle, but for a longer distance.
• To reduce the efforts of the handicapped person.
• To improve the aesthetics of the vehicle.
• To improve the durability of the vehicle.
• To improve the aerodynamic efficiency.
• To design the elements of body and chassis of a solar three wheeler for the target of the most
lightweight and lowest material cost design.
• To analyze the elements of body and chassis of a solar car.
• To fabricate the solar car than can withstand the load from the solar panel body, driver, and
also the suspension.
• To develop an electrical tri-wheel vehicle that can charge the battery when it is not in used.
• To develop an electrical tricycle that can charge the battery when it is not in used.
Presenting the Major Project Report

8. SCOPE
To convert the solar energy to the electrical energy by using solar cells,
then Converting this electrical energy to mechanical energy by using the
dc motor to run the tricycle besides the human paddling. There are
following main elements considered in this project which are:
• To find the alternative of fuel.
• To maintain the ecological balance.
• To form the economical three wheeler.
• There is a need for a green energy.
• To design and fabricate low maintenance vehicle.
• To enhance service life.
Presenting the Major Project Report

9. METHODOLOGY

10. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The Initial Conceptual design of the three wheeler, which we observe generally around
us and keeping in mind, our project requirements. The initial design was sketched doing,
brainstorming among the team members.
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11. CAD DESIGN OF VEHICLE
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12. MARKET SURVEY
• The three wheeler needs various parts like Rectangular tube, differentials, DC motors,
solar panels, Batteries etc. To use the optimum resources with optimum budget, we did
market survey for the various components.
Shop Name /Address Material purchased Cost
S.N steels, Sikenderpur Mild steel rectangular
tube
8000/-
Ananda autoparts, Delhi Battery Ricksaw KIT 18000/-
Kuber Fiber Gallery, Sikenderpur Fibre Sheet 2000/-
Gaia Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Chandni Chowk Solar Panel 8000/-
Aster India Battery House, Old Gurgaon Battery 8400/-
Other Miscellaneous 8100/-
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13. PIPE CUTTING
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The pipe of designed length and parameters are cut with the help of
Grinding wheel. The cross section of rectangular pipes are 2”×1” and 1”×1”
are cut according the required length as per designed requirements.

14. WELDING
The Pipes thus cut are joined using the electric arc-welding to make the designed
frame structure of the vehicle.
The chassis frame consists of 2”×1” rectangular pipe having 3mm thickness,
whereas remaining structure uses 1”×1” square pipe having 3mm thickness.
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15. FINISHED FULL BODY STRUCTURE AFTER WELDING
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16. CALCULATIONS INVOLVED:
Power requirement of vehicle at particular speed:
P = F*v
F= Frolling + Fair resistance + Fgrade
F = mgRr + 0.5ρair Cd Af v2 +mgsinө
Where, m= 200 kg Rr=0.02 Cd=0.25 ρair= 1.2 kg/m3 Af= 1.5 m2 V= 30 km/hr = 8.33 m/s
So, F= 200*9.81*0.02 + 0.5*1.2*0.25*1.5*8.332 + 200*9.81*sin5о
F = 54.85 N
P= F*V = 54.85*8.33 = 456.90W ≈ 500W
Battery capacity:
Battery load= 900w
Let the power factor (PF) = 0.8
Now VA for corresponding load requirement be
VA=
𝑊
𝑃𝐹
=
900
0.8
=1125 VA System voltage= 48v Current (I) =
1125
48
=23.43 amp
Amp-Hr. = 23.43*4 (considering the vehicle to run 4hrs) = 93.75 AH
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17. SHEET METAL
Sheet metal is use to give the aesthetic and to cover up the space between the frame.
It is use to hold the various parts of the vehicle such as Batteries, controller etc. it is
fixed by screws with drilling in the rectangular pipe structure.
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18. VARIOUS PARTS USED IN VEHICLE
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Solar Panels Controller Battery
DC Motor
Throttle
Differential

19. ASSEMBLING VARIOUS PARTS
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20. COLOURING/PAINTING
Initially the vehicle is painted with primer and finally painted with white paint. The initial and final looks of the
vehicle are presented below:
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21. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
After finalizing the frame along with its material and cross section, it is very
essential to test the rigidity and strength of the frame under severe conditions. The
frame should be able to withstand the impact, torsion, roll over conditions and
provide utmost safety to the driver without undergoing much deformation.
Following tests were performed on the roll cage-
Front impact,
Side impact,
Rear impact,
 Roll Over.
Torsional Rigidity.
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22. Loading condition and constraints for Finite Element Analysis
FACTOR OF SAFETY: ALWAYS CONSIDERED FOR THIS DESIGN BETWEEN 0.5 – 1 ACCORDING TO
THE ANALYSIS RESULTS.
Estimated mass of vehicle=200 kg
Let, G=Estimated mass of vehicle × g
Where, g= acceleration due to gravity ≈ 10 m/s2
Hence, G=200 × 10 = 2000 N
TESTS FRONT
IMPACT
SIDE
IMPACT
ROLL OVER REAR
IMPACT
TORSIONAL
CONSTRAINTS REAR
CORNERS(ALL
DOF=0);
SUSPENSION
MOUNTINGS
(Uy,Uz=0)
OPPOSITE
SIM
MEMBERS(A
LL DOF=0)
LFS
MEMBERS
(ALL DOF=0)
FRONT
CORNERS(A
LL DOF=0);
SUSPENSIO
N
MOUNTING
S(Uy, Uz=0)
REAR CORNERS (
ALL DOF=0, UX, UY
=0 )
LOADS 4G 6G 2G 4G 1G
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23. 1) Front impact analysis
Impact load calculation:
• Using the projected vehicle/driver mass of 200 kg, the impact force was calculated base on a
G-load of 4 for extremely worst condition.
• F = ma = 200*10*4 = 8000 N
• Impact Time = weight*(velocity/load)
= 200*(8.33/8000) = 0.20 seconds
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24. 2) Rear impact analysis
• Using the projected vehicle/driver mass of 200 kg, the impact force was calculated base
on a G-load of 4 for extremely worst condition.
• F = ma = 200*10*4 = 8000 N
• Impact Time= weight*(velocity/load)
= 200*(8.33/8000) = 0.20 seconds
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25. 3) Side impact Analysis
Impact load calculation:
• Using the projected vehicle/driver mass of 200 kg, the impact force was calculated base
on a G-load of 6 for extremely worst condition.
• F = ma
= 200*6*10=12000N
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26. 4) Roll Over Analysis
Impact load calculation:
• Using the projected vehicle/driver mass of 200 kg, the impact force was calculated base on a
G-load of 2 for extremely worst condition.
• F = ma = 200*2*10 = 4000N
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27. 5) Torsional Rigidity Analysis
Impact load calculation:
Using the projected vehicle/driver mass of 200 kg, the impact force was calculated base on
a G-load of 1.
F = ma = 200*1*10 = 2000N
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28. APPLIED
FORCE
MAXIMUM
STRESS
(Von-Misses)
MAXIMUM
STRESS
(Principal Stress)
MAXIMUM
DEFORMATION
FACTOR
OF
SAFETY
FRONT
IMPACT
8000N 974.2MPa 889MPa 6.08mm 0.37
REAR
IMPACT
8000N 539.98MPa 599.57MPa 4.79mm 0.46
SIDE
IMPACT
12000N 48.851MPa 33.092MPa 0.113mm 1
ROLL
OVER
4000N 483.54MPa 255.6MPa 0.8mm 0.76
TORSIONAL
RIGIDITY
2000N 453.77MPa 347.77MPa 2.433 0.81
RESULTS
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29. CONCLUSION
• From this Project, we can conclude that this vehicle is quite suitable
for almost all the humans. By referring to above advantages, the
vehicle is affordable to middle-class person also, because the cost of
the vehicle is optimum.
• As the current increasing volume of car transportation rising the
health problem as well as environmental issues, hence this vehicle
focus the technology that enables the manufacturing, launching and
sustainable implementation of 3 wheel battery operated shuttle
vehicle in Indian market.
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30. COST EVALUATION
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S/N Materials Price (Rs) S/N Materials Price (Rs)
1 ERW pipes 5000/- 13 Drum brake 230/-
2 Leaf spring 1200/- 14 Handle 120/-
3 Differential 3000/- 15 Controller 1900/-
4 Tyres 1800/- 16 Charger 2000/-
5 Rims 1060/- 17 Aluminum sheets 2600/-
6 Wiring 1200/- 18 Batteries 9500/-
7 Motor 2500/- 19 Screws 200/-
8 Solar Panels 7000/- 20 Brake cables 200/-
9 Fibre sheets 1350/- 21. Paint 750/-
10 Lightening 1300/- 22. Welding 2500/-
11 Suspension 950/- 23. Miscellaneous 6000/-
12 Front axle 100/- 24. Total 52,500/-

31. FUTURE WORK
• We can also provide the leg steering system for those who are disabled in term of
arms.
• The efficiency of this vehicle can be raised by adding solar panel or alternator to
charge batteries. By enforcing the alternator in the vehicle, we can charge batteries
during traveling. So there is no need to charge batteries frequently.
• As we are well known that the sources of fossil fuels are going to vanish in next
few decades, hence the electric bike will experience the period of boom. Hence we
can say that this vehicle may have very bright future.
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33. REFERENCES
• M. Reddi Sankar, T. Pushpaveni, V. Bhanu Prakash Reddy, “Design and Development of Solar Assisted Bicycle.” International Journal of Scientific and
Research Publications, (Volume 3, Issue 3), (March 2013), ISSN 2250-3153
• N.Sasikumar (Ph.D(Part-Time) Research Scholar, Kamban Arts & Science College, Coimbatore), Dr. P. Jayasubramaniam (Head & Asst.Prof. in
Professional Accounting, Dr. N.G.P. Arts & Science College, Coimbatore). “Solar Energy System in India.” IOSR Journal of Business and Management
(IOSR-JBM) ISSN: 2278-487X. Volume 7, Issue 1 (Jan- Feb 2013), (Page No. 61-68)
• Abdulkadir Baba Hassan (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria), “Design and
Fabrication of Motorized Prototype Tricycle For the Disable Persons.” IOSR Journal of Engineering, (Volume 2(5)), May 2012, (Page No.1071-1074).
• Yogesh sunil wamborikar, Abhay Sinha,“Solar powered vehicle”. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010 Vol II
WCECS 2010, October 20-22, 2010, San Francisco, USA, ISBN: 978-988-18210-0-3
• Arun Manohar Gurram, P.S.V Ramana Rao, Raghuveer Dontikurti “Solar Powered Wheel Chair: Mobility for Physically Challenged” International
Journal of Current Engineering and Technology Volume 2, No.1 (March 2012) ISSN 2277 – 4106 (Page No. 211-214)
• Shuh Jing Ying, Stephen Sundarrao. “Power Assist Hand Tricycle with Battery for Disabled Persons” International Journal of Advanced Technology in
Engineering and Science Volume 02, Issue No. 06, June 2014 ISSN (online): 2348 – 7550 (Page No. 173-177)
• Chetan mahadik, sumit Mahindra Kar, prof. Jayashree deka,“An improved & efficient electric bicycle system with the power of real-time information
sharing”, Multidisciplinary Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pg.215-222
• Qingfeng su, genfa zhang, jianming lai, shijun feng, and weimin shi, “Green solar electric vehicle changing the future lifestyle of human”. World
Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 4 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2010 WEVA
• Satish Kumar Dwivedi, Deepak Kumar Yadav, Ashutosh Mishra, Madhusudan Jaiswal, Shrikant Singh, Sujeet Kumar , (Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Buddha Institute of Technology, Gorakhpur,U.P).“Design and Fabrication of a Motorized Tricycle for Physically Challenged Persons”
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726 April 2014 Volume 3 (Page No. 29-32)
• Solar Electricity calculation handbook by Michael Boxwell.
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