Describe the factors that contribute to a membrane potential. What i.pdf

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Describe the factors that contribute to a membrane potential. What is the principle cation inside the cell? Outside the cell? Solution Answer: Application of stimuli changes the membrane potential that act as signals, transmitting and processing information along the neuron. The factors that contribute to membrane potential are: (a) Electrochemical gradient of the ion: Active transport of ions causes an electrical gradient to develop across the membrane. The positively charged ions are generally greater outside the cell and negatively charged ions inside the cell. This causes a net negative charge on the inside of the cell and thus a voltage difference across the membrane. This gives rise to the membrane potential. (b) Permeability of the ion: More the membrane is permeable to the ion, greater will be the influence of the equilibrium potential of that ion towards the membrane potential. The principle cation inside the cell is potassium (K+) and outside the cell is sodium (Na+)..

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most extra cellular environments contain a high concentration of sodium ions (Na+). consider a cell membrane that is permeable to potassium (K+) and is in equilibrium. the diffusion of K+ has left the inside of the ell slightly negatively charged and the outside slightly positively charged. suppose that the cell membrane now opens some sodium channels what happens? A) there is no flow across the membrane. the outside of the cell is positeely charged drivingthe sodium ions father away from the cell. B) there is no flow across the membrane. the cell is in equilibrim and so the electric repulsionof the Na+ exactly counters the effects of diffusion. C) the cell becomes positvely charged. both diffusion and the electric attraction to the cell drive into the cell D) the cell becomes positvely charged; diffusion is reversed and K+ are drived back into the cell Solution The cell becomes positively charged, diffusion is reversed and K+ are drived back into the cell..

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