Fill in the blanksMicronutrients this refers to a sub-category o.pdf

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Fill in the blanks: Micronutrients: this refers to a sub-category of essential nutrients. Essential nutrients are defined based on ____________________________________; the macro nutrients are the sub-set that are ___________________________________________. Mycorrhizae (ecto & arbuscular): these are _____________________________________ that provide the importance service of providing ______________________________ to plants. The ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular differ in____________________________________________________________________________ . Rhizobia: a group of plant-associated bacteria that have the important trait of _____________________________________. Sand: a type of particle that can be in soil. Relative to the other three particles, its size is middle Additionally, sand has the important property of being ________________________ and helps with establishing air pockets and promoting water movement. Horizons: different layers of soil. Horizons are formed by ______________________ and vary in their composition, which can have different effects on plant growth. Solution Essential nutrients are the nutrients that are required for normal physiological functions of the body but cannot be synthesise by the body and they can be obtained from the dietary sources. So, the essential nutrients are defined based on their requirement in the body for the physiological functioning. If these nutrients are required in very minute amount, they are called micronutrients (iron, cobalt, chromium, copper) If the essential nutrients are required in large amount from the diet they are called macronutrients (Carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, lipids). So the macronutrients are the sub-set that are required in large amount from external sources for normal physiological function of the body. Mycorrhizae (ecto & arbuscular) : these are symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and plants that provides the importance service of providing increased water and nutrient absorption capabilities to the plants by colonizing the root system of the host plants. The ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular (endomycorrhizae) differ in formation of hyphae, the hyphae of ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate individual cells within the root of their host plant, while the hyphae of endomycorrhizal fungi penetrate the cell wall and invaginate the cell membrane of their host plants. Rhizobia : It is a group pf plant- associated bacteria that have important trait of fixing the N2 (nitrogen) from the atmosphere into the root nodules of its host plant. This trait is important for the plants in agriculture where there is no use of nitrogen fertilizer for some reasons. Sand: a type of particle that can be in soil. Relative to the other three particles, its size is middle. Additionally, sand has the important property of being drained easily, moreover it doesnt compact and create spaces in soil and that\'s how it helps establishing air pockets and promoting water movement. Horiz.

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Relative to the other three particles, its size is middle. Additionally, sand has the important
property of being drained easily, moreover it doesnt compact and create spaces in soil and that's
how it helps establishing air pockets and promoting water movement. Horizons: different layers
of soil. Horizons are formed by water, organic matter, minerals (rock,slit,sand,clay), decomposed
plants and leaves and vary in their composition, which can have different effects on plant
growth.

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Grade 3 School Garden Lesson Plan - Soil Lesson; Plant Root Symbiosis ~ Massachusetts |=> Roots play an essential role in the growth and vigor of a plant. They provide the anchor that keeps it from blowing or washing away. The roots support the stem and the vascular tissues that are continuous throughout the root to the stem. Roots absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil, transporting it through the vascular system to the rest of the plant for photosynthesis and transpiration. Roots also store sugars and carbohydrates that are used by the plant to survive winter and carry out other functions. Some roots can produce new plants. ` For more information, Please see websites below: ` Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ` Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ` Free School Gardening Art Posters http://scribd.com/doc/239851159` ` Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ` Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ` City Chickens for your Organic School Garden http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ` Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide http://scribd.com/doc/239851110

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Describe two ecological roles of fungi. Related concepts: decomposers, mycorrhizal symbiont. Solution Fungi as Decomposers Fungi join bacteria as the primary decomposers in different ecosystems. They feed on the organic remains of dead plants. They release special enzymes that break down lignin, a structurally complex substance in wood. Because of their ability to break down wood, fungi are considered the major wood decomposers in forests. To absorb organic matter, fungi release acids to melt organic matter, and then they suck the acid back together with the melted organic matter. Decomposing organic matter is considered by ecologists as the major ecological role of fungi. Plant-Fungi Symbiosis The symbiotic association between a vascular plant root and fungi is called mycorrhiza. In this association, fungi colonize the roots of a plant and gain access to their tissues. The fungi build a connection to the roots in such a way that they can exchange nutrients with each other. Plants provide mycorrhizal fungi shelter and a supply of carbohydrates; in return, mycorrhizal fungi improve the plant’s absorption capabilities for water and nutrients. Mycorrhizal fungi have a larger surface-area ratio compared to roots, so they have higher absorptive capacity for water and minerals. They make it easier for plants to absorb water and minerals in soils that are dry and with low mineral concentration. Without mycorrhiza, it would be difficult for plants to absorb water and minerals from such soils. It is estimated that about 90% of plants depends on mycorrhizal fungi for survival..

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The reaction between the various hosts with Pisolithus tinctorius shows the broad host range of this fungal species showing different degrees of host compatibility. There is wide variation in both rate and extent of ECM formation by different isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius of different geographical regions within a species. Thus Pisolithus tinctorius displays much intraspecific heterogeneity of host specificity and interspecific compatibility. There are variable degrees of plant-fungal isolate compatibility, implying specificity, and this is an important factor influencing successful ectomycorrhiza formation and development. The molecular data also suggested that the Pisolithus tinctorius isolates analyzed from different geographical regions belong to distinct groups. Further studies are therefore warranted to elucidate the molecular, biochemical and physiological differences between the Pisolithus tinctorius isolates at the fungus-root interface of different plant species.

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most extra cellular environments contain a high concentration of sodium ions (Na+). consider a cell membrane that is permeable to potassium (K+) and is in equilibrium. the diffusion of K+ has left the inside of the ell slightly negatively charged and the outside slightly positively charged. suppose that the cell membrane now opens some sodium channels what happens? A) there is no flow across the membrane. the outside of the cell is positeely charged drivingthe sodium ions father away from the cell. B) there is no flow across the membrane. the cell is in equilibrim and so the electric repulsionof the Na+ exactly counters the effects of diffusion. C) the cell becomes positvely charged. both diffusion and the electric attraction to the cell drive into the cell D) the cell becomes positvely charged; diffusion is reversed and K+ are drived back into the cell Solution The cell becomes positively charged, diffusion is reversed and K+ are drived back into the cell..

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