The document discusses biodeterioration, which is the unwanted alteration of materials like wood, glass, concrete, and textiles caused by organisms such as fungi, insects, and microbes. It outlines the impacts on these materials and suggests preventive treatments, including biocides and moisture management strategies. Various examples and references are provided, demonstrating the methods to combat biodeterioration across different materials.

1. Describe BIODETERIORATION b.stev

2. AN undesired change to the property in material/s caused by SOME organisms The impact on the materials listed and a method of prevention follow metals What is it? timber glass concrete rubber textiles stone fuels

3. MOIST wood CAN grow cellular fungus ROT : dark brown spots INSECTS: termites/ boers gnaw MARINE BOERS: piles of the structures : hulls of wooden ships/ boats MOLDS: threat in damp regions MICROBES: draw at the wood

4. TIMBER TREATMENT necessary to sustain wood CUT LOGS converted timber preservative spray: 2-3 mths storage PESTICIDES: vacuum under pressure most common treatment/s: BORON (pink) ‏ PERMETHRIN PLUS (blue) ‏ WOOD manufactured: exposure LIFE (NZ timber preservation council, 2004)

5. ALL stages: process & storage FUNGI: most common biodeteriorant Causes : - breaks in the molecules - elongation of thread - loss in strength - discolouration TEXTILES

6. resist light /humidity affinity to fabric low toxicity colour - less odour - less cost effective BIOCIDES used need ability:

7. (Studentsguide.in, 2008)

8. H 2 O in fuel systems allows microbe growth CAUSES ECONOMIC LOSS & IS HAZARDOUS ‏ fuels:

9. & are microbes THAT CAUSE THESE DEFECTS : ALSO : a fungus in KEROSENE Hormoconis resinal Psuedomonas Desulfovibrio some MOULDS thrive > stickiness ( viscosity ) : roads/ asphalt / pipe linings

10. organoboron isothiazolones can be added: controls bio-deterioration > FUEL AVIATION fuels tanks drained before flight this rids collected H2O carries microbes (Institute for energy and environment, 2008)

11. Glass

12. GLASS made with : silica sand - silica(silicon dioxide) soda ash - sodium carbonate limestone - calcium carbonate (Martin.S.V, 2001) PREVENT CORROSION WASH regularly to maintain: Sponge rub & hot soapy water Soft bristles ALSO if needed Wipe clean with rubber slide

13. Stone Biodeteriorants to stone are: Microbes, Fungi, Algae, Lichens & Mosses WET/DRY cycles of the TROPICS : loosens & fragments stone. THEN - IS susceptible to biochemical factors

14. Detachment of materials Black/brown crust Exfoliation Plant roots cause damage Discolouration White/gray powder White fluoroescence Stains Patches Pitting Cracks SHOW as:

15. ERADICATION is in 2 STEPS: one week: KILLS growth BRUSH off - bristle brush. TREATMENT: inhibit growth.

16. New TO PRESERVE NEW cleaned stone: pre-treat BIOCIDE & H 2 O repellent INHIBITS ATTACK : drainage systems periodic cleaning And resurfacing. ADD TOXIC SOLVENTS cleaning : scours off grime cleaning : add BIOCIDE > dibutyltin dilaurate (Kumar. R. and Kumar. A.V, 1999)

17. PROTECTIVE COATINGS & BIOCIDES ARE USED 3-5% fluorosilicate acid painted/ sprayed 45-50% solution - white spirit applied 1/2 coats : BIOCIDAL 4-6% solution - synthetic resins ie: polyesters/ epoxides : FUNICIDAL (NAHB Research Center , 2008) Concrete

18. ALSO USED : COPPER NAPTHALENE PENTACHLOROPHENOL POROUS / H 2 O -SATURATED CONCRETE - SCALES the H 2 O inside freezes H 2 O carries many CHEMICALS acids/ sulfates/ chlorides

19. INSULATIVE ELECTRICAL CABLE DECAY IS A HAZARD BURIED CABLES: electrical, communication, sealing rings of sewage pipes (Students guide.in, 2008)

20. Metals: corrosive (Students guide.in, 2008)

21. Bibliography Martin.S.V. (2001). How glass is made . Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http//:www.texas glass .com/ glass _facts/How_ Glass _ made .htm Maruthamuthu .S. (2008). Role of air microbes on atmospheric corrosion . Retrieved August 26, 2008 from http//: www.ias.ac.in/currsci/f eb102008/359.pdf NAHB Research Center . (2008). Can water cause deterioration of concrete . Retrieved August 28, 2008, from http//: www.toolbase.org/Toolbase Resources/level4FAQ.aspx?ContentDetailID=3547&BucketID=5& =25 - 18k Forest Research NZ. (2008). Timber preservation. Retrieved August 19, 2008 from, http//: www.nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/forestry /4B.pdf -

22. Kumar. R. and Kumar. A.V. (1999). Biodeterioration of stone in tropical environments . Retrieved August 19, 2008, from http//:www.getty. edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/biodeterioration.pdf Institute for energy and environment. (2008). Microorganisms that convert hydrocarbons to natural gas . Retrieved August 15, 2008, from http//: www. poweronline.com/article.mvc/Microorganisms-That-Convert- Hydrocarbons-0001 - 31k - ASTM International. (2008). Standard guide for microbial contamination in fuels . Retrieved August 15, 2008, from http//: www.astm.org/Standards /D6469.htm NZ timber preservation council. (2004). Hazard class description . Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http//: www.nztpc.co.nz/hazardClass Description.php Wood processors association of NZ. (2008). Timber Treatment . Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http//: www.wpa.org.nz/Site/Issues/ Timber _Treatment.aspx - 9k -

23. Students guide.in. (2008). Biodeterioration, microbial deterioration, microorganisms, enzymes . Retrieved September 6, 2008, from http//:www.studentsguide. in/microbiology/biodegradation-bioremediation- biodeterioration / biodeter ioration .htm Morton. G. (2003). Aug 03 101 156 . Retrieved September 6, 2008, from http//: www.sgm.ac.uk/pubs/micro_today/pdf/080301.pdf