Alginate is a commonly used impression material that is extracted from brown seaweed. It sets via a chemical reaction when its powder form is mixed with water. The powder contains soluble sodium alginate which reacts with calcium sulfate in the powder to form insoluble calcium alginate. Sodium phosphate is also included as a retarder to increase working time before the reaction occurs. Alginate has advantages of being easy to use, inexpensive, and comfortable for patients. However, it has disadvantages like poor dimensional stability, strength, and accuracy for complex impressions.
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
direct filling gold... material aspect, types, condensation, cavity design, modifications. detaied seminar for post gradutes.... any doubts or suggestions contact dr.mb@hotmail.com
A number of theories have been put forward for impressions. each having its own advantage and disadvantage.
Different spacers guide and aid in in making the desired impression with adequate pressure in the desired region of the arch in maxilla and mandible. different materials are used for spacers depending on the need.
direct filling gold... material aspect, types, condensation, cavity design, modifications. detaied seminar for post gradutes.... any doubts or suggestions contact dr.mb@hotmail.com
A number of theories have been put forward for impressions. each having its own advantage and disadvantage.
Different spacers guide and aid in in making the desired impression with adequate pressure in the desired region of the arch in maxilla and mandible. different materials are used for spacers depending on the need.
hydrocolloid impression materials, agar and alginate impression materials and properties of the same.
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Production of agarose, production of hydrocolloids ,marine biotechnology ,marine biology, marine natural products, applications of algae, uses of red algae, applications of agar, uses of agar,
This is the 3rd part of the series on Impression materials. It delves deeper into the non-rigid impression materials. They are broadly classified as aqueous and non-aqueous. The aqueous includes the alginates, which is irreversible and agar, which is reversible. Under the non-aqueous, we have polysulfides, polysilicones and polyether. The polysilicones are further classified into addition silicones and condensation silicones while polyethers are classified based on whether they are chemically activated or light activated. Do go through the presentation for a better understanding of the properties of agar and alginate impression materials.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
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2. The word Alginate comes from alginic acid i.e. anhydro
beta d-mannuronic acid. Like agar, it is a natural
Hydrophillic Colloidal Polysaccheride extracted from
brown seaweed.
The present alginate hydrocolloid was developed as a
substitute for agar when it becomes uncommon due to
World War II.
Currently alginate is more
popular than agar for dental
impression, because it is
simple to use.
3. Alginate is supplied as:-
bulk packing
Preweighed packets for
individual impression
A plastic scoop is supplied
for taking the bulk powder.
A plastic cylinder is also
supplied for measuring the
water.
In general 16g
of powder ( 2
scoops ) is
mixed with 38
ml of water.
4. COMPOSITION OF ALGINATE HYDROCOLLOID
Ingredients % by wt. Functions
Soluble alginates
ex.- Sodium or Potassium
or Triethanolamine
alginate
15% Dissolve in water and form a viscous sol
being soluble in nature
Calcium sulphate
( Reactor )
16% Reacts with soluble alginates and form
insoluble calcium alginate
Zinc Oxide 4% Act as a filler particle
Potassium Titanium
Fluoride
3% Act as accelerator for the setting of a
stone to be poured in impression to
ensure hard, dense surface of a cast.
Diatomaceous Earth 60% Also act as a filler , provide strength and
stiffness
Sodium Phosphate
( Retarder )
2% Reacts with calcium sulphate there by
retard the setting of impression
Coloring and flavouring
agent
traces For the comfort of patient
5. SETTING REACTION / GELATION PROCESS
When a alginate powder is mixed with water, a sol is
formed which later sets to gel by a chemical reaction.
Insoluble calcium alginate is produced when soluble
sodium alginate reacts with calcium sulphate.
However, this reaction is too fast, there is not enough
working time, so a reaction is delayed by addition of a
retarder i.e. sodium phosphate.
6. Calcium sulphate prefers to react with retarder first.
It reacts with sodium or potassium alginates only when
the supply of retarder is over.
This will delays the reaction and increase the working
time for us.
Retarder Reactor
ReactorSoluble Alginate Insoluble Alginate
7. CLASSIFICATION
Type I – Fast Setting
Type II – Normal Setting
MIXING TIME
For fast set alginate = 45 sec.
For normal set alginate = 60 sec.
Over mixing results in –
- Reduction in final strength
- Reduction in working time
Under mixing results in –
- inadequate wetting, lack of homogeneity
- poor recording of detail
8. WORKING TIME
For fast set alginate – 1 min. 25 sec.
For normal set alginate – 2 min.
GELATION TIME
For fast setting alginate – 1.5 to 2.0 min.
For normal setting alginate – 3 to 4.5 min.
Ideal gelation time is 3-4 min.
The dentist can control the setting time by altering the
temperature of water for mixing alginate material.
- colder the water longer is the gelation time
- warmer the water shorter is the gelation time
Control of setting time by changing w/p ratio is not
recommended in case of alginate.
9. PROPERTIES OF ALGINATE HYDROCOLLOID
Taste and Odour –
Alginate has a pleasant taste and smell for the comfort of a patient.
Flavors include strawberry, orange, mint, vanilla.
Strength –
Alginate has a poor tear strength.
Factors affecting strength are:-
- w/p ratio too much or too little water reduces gel strength
- Mixing time over and under mixing both will reduces strength
- Time of removal of impression strength increases if the time of
removal is delayed for few minutes after setting
Syneresis and Imbibition –
Like agar, it also exhibit the properties of synresis and imbibition.
10. Dimensional stability –
Set alginates have poor dimensional stability due to evaporation,
syneresis and imbibition. Therefore like in case of Agar, cast should be
poured immediately.
Adhesion –
Alginate does not adhere well to the tray. Good adhesion is important
for accuracy of impression. So, retention to the tray is achieved by
mechanical locking features in the tray or by applying an adhesive.
11. 1. It is easy to mix and manipulate.
2. Minimum requirement of
equipments.
3. Low cost.
4. Comfortable to patient
5. Accuracy is there if properly
handled.
6. Gives a good surface detail even
in presence of saliva.
1. It cannot be corrected.
2. Poor dimensional stability – it
cannot be store for a long time.
3. Poor tear strength.
4. It is not recommended where a
high degree of accuracy is
required, e.g., RPDs and FPDs
etc.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
12. USES OF ALGINATE HYDROCOLLOID
It is used for impression making
- when there are undercuts
- in mouth with excessive flow of saliva
- for partial dentures with clasp
For making a preliminary impression for complete
dentures.
For duplicating models.
13.
14. LAMINATE TECHNIQUE
It is the combined agar-alginate technique.
In this technique
- Tray material chilled alginate
- syringe material hot agar
Advantages –
1. water cool tray is not required more convenient
2. syringe agar records the tissue more accurately
3. it sets faster than regular agar technique
Disadvantages –
1. Agar alginate bond failure.
15. METHOD OF LAMINATE TECHNIQUE
After injecting a syringe agar on the area to be recorded, an
impression tray containing a mix of chilled alginate is positioned over
it that will bond with the agar.
The alginate get solidify by means of chemical reaction whereas agar
solidify through contact with cool alginate rather than the water
circulating through the tray.
Since the agar, not the alginate is in contact with prepared teeth,
maximum detail is reproduced.
Because only the syringe material needs to be heated, equipment
cost is lowered and less preparation time is required.
16. MODIFIED ALGINATES
Traditional alginate material is used as a two
component system of powder and water in which
no reaction occur until powder is added to water to
initiate the reaction.
But now we can purchase alginate in a sol form,
containing the water but has no source of calcium
ions. MODIFIED ALGINATE
Then a reactor of plaster of paris can then be
added to a sol