This document discusses dental caries (cavities), including definitions, causes, classifications, and treatments. It defines dental caries as an irreversible microbial disease that leads to tooth demineralization and decay. Key causes mentioned are bacteria, snacking on sugary foods, and poor oral hygiene. Caries are classified in various ways, such as by anatomical site (occlusal, root), progression (acute, chronic), extent (incipient, cavitation), and number of tooth surfaces involved (simple, complex). The document also discusses theories of caries etiology and lists factors that affect caries formation. Treatments mentioned include fluoride, fillings, crowns, root canals, and tooth extractions for

1. Dr.Athul Chandra.M
Assistant Professor
Dept.Conservative dentistry and endodontics

3. Introduction
• Permanently damaged areas in teeth that
develop into tiny holes.
• Causes include bacteria, snacking, sipping
sugary drinks and poor teeth cleaning.
• There may be no symptoms. Untreated cavities
can cause toothache, infection and tooth loss.
• Treatments include fluoride, fillings and crowns.
Severe cases may need a root canal or
removal.

4. Definition
Dental caries is an irreversible microbial
disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth,
characterized by demineralization of the
inorganic portion and destruction of the
organic substance of the tooth, which often
leads to cavitation
- Shafer,1993

5. Theories of etiology

16. Factors affecting the
formation of caries

20. Tooth Morphologic
factors
HOST

25. SUBSTRATE

33. Micro organisms
Bacteria

37. Time

42. MODIFYING FACTORS

48. AGE SEX OCCUPATION
RACE HEREDITARY MEDICATIONS

50. CLASSIFICATION OF CARIES

51. BASED ONANATOMICAL SITE
• OCCLUSAL (PITAND FISSURE)
• ROOT CARIES
• SMOOTH SURFACE CARIES (PROXIMALAND CERVICAL
CARIES )
• LINEAR ENAMELCARIES ( ODONTOCLASIA )

52. BASED ON PROGRESSION
• ACUTE CARIES
• CHRONIC CARIES
• ARRESTEDCARIES

53. BASED ON ORIGIN
• INITILAL / PRIMARY
• RECURRENT / SECONDARY

54. BASED ON THE EXTENT
• INCIPIENT CARIES
• OCCULT CARIES
• CAVITATION

55. BASED ON PATHWAY OF CARIES
SPREAD
• FORWARD CARIES
• BACKWARDS CARIES

56. BASED ON NUMBER OF SURFACES
INVOLVED
• SIMPLE
• COMPOUND
• COMPLEX

57. BASED ON CHRONOLOGY
• EARLY CHILDHOOD (NURSING BOTTLE & RAMPANT
CARIES )
• ADOLECENT CARIES
• ADULT CARIES
MATERNALLY DERIVED STREPROCOCCUS
MUTANS DISEASE - MDSMD

58. BASED ON THE REMANANT
CARIES
• RESIDUAL CARIES
CARIES which are not removed during a restorative procedure, either by accident,
neglect or intention.
Sometimes a small amount of acutely carious dentin close to the pulp is covered with
a specific capping material to stimulate dentin deposition, isolating caries from pulp.
The carious dentin can be removed at a later time.

59. BASED ON TEETH SURFACE TO BE
RESTORED
• OCCLUSAL
• MESIAL
• DISTAL
• FACIAL
• BUCCAL
• LINGUAL
• MOD

60. G V BLACKS CLASSIFICATION

61. WHO CLASSIFICATION
• D1 – clinically detectable enamel lesion with intact
surface
• D2 – clinically detectable cavity but limited to enamel
only
• D3 – clinically detectable cavity in dentin
• D4 – lesions extending to pulp D2 D3 D4

62. RADIATION CARIES
• Associated with xerostomia
Decreased salivary secretion
Increase viscosity of saliva
Lower pH
Lesion around tooth neck- loss of crown
Brown black discoloration in occlusal and incisal edges-wears away
Spot depression –spreads from any surface

63. BASED ON TISSUE INVOLVEMENT
• INTITIAL CARIES ( DEMINERALIZATION)
• SUPERFICIAL CARIES (CARIES SUPERFICIALIS)
• MODERATE CARIES (CARIES MEDIA)
• DEEP (CARIES PROFUNDA)
• DEEP COMPLICATED (CARIES PROFUNDA
COMPLICATA)

64. BY MOUNT & HUME
• Site 1 : pit and fissures
• Site 2 : proximal enamel below the contact area
• Site 3 : cervical 1/3rd
• Size 1 :minimal
• Size 2 :moderate
• Size 3 : enlarged
• Size 4 : extensive

65. Sit
e
Size 1 2` 3 4
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4