This document discusses the differences between demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns in Spanish. It provides examples of demonstrative adjectives like "este/a" and "ese/a" used to modify nouns. Demonstrative pronouns like "éste/a" and "ése/a" are used in place of nouns. It also introduces neuter pronouns "esto", "eso", and "aquello" which are used when the concept being referred to does not have a specific gender. The document provides examples of demonstrative adjectives, pronouns, and neuter pronouns to illustrate their uses in Spanish.

1. DEMONSTRATIVE
ADJECTIVES VS.
DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUNS

2. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
 Imagine that you're in a store browsing through merchandise and
talking to a salesperson behind the counter. As you discuss the various
products, you will likely use words like, "this," "that," "these," and
"those."
 I'd like to try on this ring.
 How much does that book cost?
 What are these toys made out of?
 I want to buy three of those light bulbs.

3. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
 Spanish examples:
 Quisiera probarme este anillo.
I'd like to try on this ring.
 ¿Cuánto cuesta ese libro?
How much does that book cost?
 ¿De qué son estos juguetes?
What are these toys made out of?
 Quiero comprar tres de esos bombillos.
I want to buy three of those light bulbs.

4. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
 Please note that even though they are adjectives, we place este, ese,
estos, and esos in front of the nouns they modify instead behind them
like we normally do.
 Also note that the demonstrative adjectives for nearby items are este
and ese, not esto and eso. It may seem inconsistent with what you
already know about adjectives, but that's just the way it is.
 There is a little rhyme that can help you keep your demonstrative
adjectives straight: "This" and "these" have t's, "that" and "those"
no ‘t’ goes.

5. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
 If that seemed too easy, it's because it is. Since adjectives (even the
demonstrative kind) always agree in gender and in number with the
nouns they modify, our Spanish chart needs to be a little more complex:

6. DEMONSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
 ¿Cuánto cuesta este reloj?
How much does this watch cost?
 ¿Y cuánto cuesta ese reloj?
And how much does that watch cost?
 ¿Y cuánto cuesta aquel reloj?
And how much does that watch (over there) cost?
 ¿Cuánto cuestan estas flores?
How much do these flowers cost?
 ¿Y cuánto cuestan esas flores?
And how much do those flowers cost?
 ¿Y cuánto cuestan aquellas flores?
And how much do those flowers (over there) cost?

7. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
 Now let's talk demonstrative pronouns. Remember that an adjective is
a word that modifies a noun, but a pronoun is a word that takes the
place of a noun. Let's say that you're in a store again shopping for a pen.
Rather than say the word "pen" over and over again, you will probably
use pronouns: "How much is this pen?" "How much is that one?" "What
color are these?“
 Here are some more examples. The first sentence includes an adjective.
The second one uses a pronoun:
 I like this car. She prefers that one.
I like these videos. She prefers those ones.
I like these trees. She prefers those.

8. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
 Notice how we sometimes include the word "one" or "ones" with our
pronouns.
 In Spanish, the pronouns that we use look very similar to the adjectives:
 Me gusta este coche. Ella prefiere ése.
Me gustan estos videos. Ella prefiere ésos.
Me gustan estos árboles. Ella prefiere aquéllos.
 Cultural Note: While you can use your finger to point at any object,
in some areas it is considered rude to point at people that way. You may
want to nod your head or use a different gesture instead. Speaking of
which, some Latinos will point at things with their lips by pursing them
together like blowing a kiss.

9. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

10. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
 The only difference is that we add an accent mark to each of the
pronouns. The accent doesn't change the pronunciation at all; it falls on
the syllable that would normally be stressed anyway. It's only used to
distinguish pronouns from adjectives in writing. Coincidentally, the
accent mark falls on the first "e" in every pronoun.
 Note how we still have the third "really far" category with our
pronouns just as we did with the adjectives. It works exactly the same
way.

11. NEUTER PRONOUNS
 Now we can translate "this" and "these" and "that" and "those" without
any problems, right? What about in these situations?
 We're lost and we have no gas.
This is not good.
 I like reading a good book.
I like that too!

12. NEUTER PRONOUNS
 The underlined words are pronouns, but the problem is that they aren't
replacing a specific noun, but rather a concept ("being lost" or
"reading"). That's not a big deal in English but in Spanish we need to
know the gender in order to use the correct pronoun. What is the
gender of "being lost" or of "reading a good book"? We really can't say.
So what do we do? We use a neuter pronoun that's neither masculine
nor feminine:
 Estamos perdidos y no tenemos gasolina.
Esto no es bueno.
 Me gusta leer un libro bueno.
¡Me gusta eso también!

13. NEUTER PRONOUNS
 There are three neuter demonstrative pronouns: esto, eso, and aquello. We
aren't worried about gender with neuter pronouns. We also aren't worried
about number since we're replacing a (singular) concept not (plural)
objects.
 Please note that:
 Even though esto, eso, and aquello might seem to fit the demonstrative
adjective pattern better, este, ese, and aquel are the singular, masculine
adjectives.
 The pronouns esto, eso, and aquello are considered neuter, not masculine,
even though they end in "-o."
 Even though they are pronouns, esto, eso, and aquello don't have accent
marks.