The document discusses the rules for forming comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs in English. It provides five rules for making comparatives and superlatives of adjectives based on their syllable structure and ending. It also explains that most adverbs do not take comparative and superlative endings, and instead use 'more' and 'most' as well as some irregular forms. The document provides examples of intensifiers that can be used with comparatives and expressions for making positive and negative comparisons.

1. COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS * ADJECTIVES and ADVERBS are words that modify other words. * The COMPARATIVE form of an adjective or adverb compares two things . * The SUPERLATIVE form of an adjective or adverb compares three or more things .

2. To make comparative and superlative forms of ADJECTIVES some rules must be followed. Rule 1 To form the comparative or superlative of one syllable words with more than one vowel OR ending with more than one consonant , add -er OR -est. tall taller tallest neat neater neatest deep deeper deepest

3. Rule 2 To form the comparative or superlative of a one syllable word ending in “e” add -r OR -st . wid e wider widest fin e finer finest cut e cuter cutest

4. Rule 3 To form the comparative or superlative of a one syllable word with one vowel and one consonant at the end, double the consonant, and add -er OR -est . sad sadder saddest big bigger biggest fat fatter fattest

5. Rule 4 To form the comparative or superlative of a two syllable word ending in “y” , change the “y” to “i”, then add -er OR -est . happy happier happiest jolly jollier jolliest lazy lazier laziest Rule 5 To form the comparative or superlative of a two syllable word ending a vowel-sound that is not stressed , add -er OR -est . yellow yellower yellowest simple simpler simplest

6. Use most before the adjective : most modern , most interesting , most beautiful Use more before the adjective : more modern , more interesting , more beautiful Two syllables or more, not ending in Y. Examples: modern, interesting, beautiful , Add -est: yellow est , simpl est Add -er: yellow er , simple r Two syllable word ending a vowel sound that is not stressed. Examples: yellow, simple Change y to i, then add -est: happ iest , sill iest , lonel iest , joll iest Change y to i, then add -er: happ ier , sill ier , lonel ier , joll ier Two syllables, ending in -Y. Examples: happy, silly, lonely, jolly Double the consonant, and add -est: hot test , big gest , fat test , sad dest Double the consonant, and add -er: hot ter , big ger , fat ter , sad der Only one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant at the end. Examples: hot, big, fat, sad Add -st: wide st , fine st , cute st Add -r: wide r , fine r , cute r Only one syllable, ending in E. Examples: wide, fine, cute Add -est: light est , neat est , fast est , tall est , neat est , deep est Add -er: light er , neat er , fast er , tall er , neat er , deep er Only one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end. Examples: light, neat, fast, tall, neat, deep SUPERLATIVE COMPARATIVE Adjective form

7. Like adjectives some adverbs can take comparative and superlative forms, with -er and -est : highest higher high brightest brighter bright earliest earlier early quickest quicker quick slowest slower slow fastest faster fast proudest prouder proud Superlative Comparative Adverb

8. However, the majority of adverbs DO NOT take these endings. Instead, they form the comparative using more and the superlative using most : most frequently more frequently frequently most effectively more effectively effectively most recently more recently recently Superlative Comparative Adverb

9. Also, it is important to consider that some adjectives and adverbs have completely irregular comparative and superlative forms: Adjective / Adverb Comparative Superlative good / well better best bad / badly worse worst little less least much - many more most far further / farther furthest / farthest

10. To make stronger the meaning of comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs, some INTENSIFIERS are used. Examples: Joe drives much safer than Carl. Ann cooks far more delicious than her sister. Tony is a bit older than Michael. A BMW is a lot more expensive than a Ford. Mr. Black speaks English much more fluently than his wife. Mrs. White travells far more frequently than Mrs. Green. I usually wake up a bit earlier than my sister. Final tests are a lot harder than quizes.

11. In order to make POSITIVE equal comparisons, it is used the expression: “… as …+ adjective / adverb +… as …” Examples: Joe drives as safe as Carl. Ann cooks as delicious as her sister. Tony is as old as Michael. A BMW is as expensive as a Ford. Mr. Black speaks English as fluently as his wife. Mrs. White travells as frequently as Mrs. Green. I usually wake up as early as my sister. Final tests are as hard as quizes.

12. In order to make NEGATIVE comparisons, it is used the expression: “… NOT + VERB +… as …+ adjective / adverb +… as …” Examples: Joe doesn’t drive as safe as Carl. Ann doesn’t cook as delicious as her sister. Tony isn’t as old as Michael. A BMW isn’t as expensive as a Ford. Mr. Black doesn’t speak English as fluently as his wife. Mrs. White doesn’t travell as frequently as Mrs. Green. I don’t usually wake up as early as my sister. Final tests aren’t as hard as quizes.