Grammar is the science that has as its object of study the components of a language and its combinations. The concept finds its origin in the Latin grammatical term and refers, on the other hand, to the art of mastering a language correctly, both from speech and with writing.

1. República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación
Instituto Universitario “Antonio José de Sucre”
Mérida – Edo. Mérida
English grammar
Integrante:
Johann J. Dugarte Z.
CI: 22929791

2. Definition of English grammar:
Grammar is the science that has as its object of study the components of a
language and its combinations. The concept finds its origin in the Latin grammatical
term and refers, on the other hand, to the art of mastering a language correctly, both
from speech and with writing.
The grammar, therefore, can be defined as the group of principles, rules and
precepts that govern the use of a particular language (in this regard, it must be said
that each language has its own grammar).
Among the different grammar classes or approaches in the analysis of this
discipline can be mentioned the grammar of prescriptive or normative type (presents,
in an authoritative way, the rules of use for a specific language, disregarding non-
standardized constructions), descriptive grammar (describes the current use of a
language, without judging prescriptively), traditional grammar (ideas about grammar
that have been inherited from Greece and Rome), functional grammar (which
provides a general perspective in relation to the organization of natural language),
generative grammar (a formal approach to the syntactic study of languages) and
formal grammar (which appear in computational linguistics).
Classification ofEnglish grammar
CONTENTS
- Normative grammar
- Historic or diachronic grammar
- Descriptive or synchronic dramatics
- Comparative or contrastive grammar

3. METHODS
 Grammar traditional
 Structural grammar
 Generative grammar
 Contextual grammar
 Praxis Beyond Prayer
Morphological,Syntactic and Semantic Criteria
 Morphology
It is the study of the different forms or variants of the signifier of the words of a
language.
 Syntax
Analyze the structures according to the way in which the words are arranged and
combined. The relationship of the words in the sentence, its combination and its
functions.

4. Difference between English grammar and Spanish grammar
Knowing the basic grammatical differences between both languages avoids, to a
large extent, mistakes being made when using English. A series of differences
between both languages will be summarized below:
1. The adjective and the given article (el, la, los, las) in English are invariable
from the point of view of the grammatical gender (masculine or feminine) and
number (singular or plural).
The tall boy the tall boy
The tall girl the tall girl
The tall boys the tall guys
The tall girls the tall girls
(As you can see, unlike English, in Spanish the gender and number are changed to
the article and adjective according to the noun they accompany.)
The = the, the, the, the
Tall = tall, tall, tall, tall
3. The adjective in English usually goes before the name you are describing while
in Spanish it goes after the name.
My white cat my white cat

5. 4. Subject pronouns in English are always obligatory, while in Spanish they are not
I am tall I am tall
5. Pronouns objects in English always go after the verb while in Spanish they
always go before the verb.
I told him I told him
6. You in English use you as much to refer to you as to you.
You are from England You are from England or You are from England
7. Verbs in English. Unlike Spanish, in which all verbal persons are conjugated, the
English verb has only one conjugation. To form the infinitive, the particle 'to' that
precedes the verb is used:
To play / play
The indicative tense is formed with the infinitive sin to. All people have the same
form, except the third person singular (in which a '-s' is added to the infinitive).
I play myself
You play you play
He / She / It plays he, she, it plays
We play we play
You play you play

6. They play they play
In the past, you do not even put the '-s' to the third person of the singular
I played I played
You played you played
He / she / it played he / she / it played
We played we played
You played you played
They played they played
8. - Capital letters. The names of nationalities, languages, days of the week,
months of the year are written in capital letters in English, while in Spanish they are
not. The names of the stations are written in lowercase when they are used in
general.
American American
English English
Friday Friday
September September
I, the personal pronoun and / or English is always capitalized.
9. - Punctuation signs. The question marks and admiration in English are only
placed at the end of the sentence.

7. 10.- The variable pronunciation of English. A big difference you will find is in the
pronunciation of English, because the same letters and combinations of letters in
words can be pronounced different from word to word. A bit hard to believe but true.
While in Spanish when you see a group of letters in a word you can be 99% sure
how to pronounce the word - with English there are cases of difference.
There are also English sounds that do not exist in Spanish and vice versa, for
example in English there are 12 vowel sounds while in Spanish only 5 and, as far as
the consonants are concerned, there are certain phonemes that do not sound the
same despite being written in a way identical for example b, p, t, h, g, v, z, etc.
Also in English there is no letter ñ